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basal state
for phlebotomy procedures, this refers to the patient's
condition in the early morning, approximately 12 hours after
the last ingestion of food. In hospitals, most laboratory test
are analyzed on basal state specimens.
TERM 2
diurnal rhythms
DEFINITION 2
opposite of nocturnal (nighttime) rhythms, "diurnal" rhythms
are variations in the body's functions or fluids that occur
during daylight hours or every 24 hours (e.g., some hormone
levels decrease in the afternoon). Also referred to as
circadian rhythms.
TERM 3
fasting
DEFINITION 3
refers to abstinence from nutritional support such as food
and beverages.
TERM 4
hematoma
DEFINITION 4
a localized leakage of blood into the tissues or into an organ.
In phlebotomy, it can occur as a result of blood leakage
during the vein puncture, thereby causing a bruise.
TERM 5
hemoconcentration
DEFINITION 5
increased localized blood concentration of large molecules
such as proteins, cells, and coagulation factors. This can be
caused by excessive application of a tourniquet.
hemolysis
rupture or lysis of the blood cells.
TERM 7
hypobilirubinemia
DEFINITION 7
abnormally low levels of bilirubin in the blood.
TERM 8
lipemic
DEFINITION 8
when referring to serum, it is cloudy or milky appearance,
usually due to a temporarily elevated lipid level after the
ingestion of fatty foods.
TERM 9
lymphedema
DEFINITION 9
swelling caused by lymph accumulation in the tissues.
TERM 10
mastectomy
DEFINITION 10
removal of breast tissue.
petechiae
minute, pinpoint hemorrhagic spots in the skin that may be
indicative of a coagulation abnormality. For phlebotomists, it
should be a warning sign that the patient may bleed
excessively.
TERM 17
sclerosed veins
DEFINITION 17
veins that have become hardened.
TERM 18
supine
DEFINITION 18
reclining position.
TERM 19
syncope
DEFINITION 19
the transient (and frequently sudden) loss of consciousness due to
a lack of oxygen to the brain (i.e., fainting) and resulting in an
inability to stay in an upright position. Patients usually recover
their orientation quickly, but injuries (e.g., abrasions, lacerations)
often result from falling to the ground. Syncope may be caused by
a variety of things including hypoglycemia, hyperventilation,
cardiac, neurologic, or psychiatric conditions, or medications.
Many patients become dizzy and faint (i.e., become "weak in the
knees") at the thought or sight of blood.
TERM 20
thrombi
DEFINITION 20
blood clots formed somewhere within the cardiovascular
system: they may occlude a vessel or attach to the wall of a
vessel.
thrombocytopenia
low platelet count.
TERM 22
turbid
DEFINITION 22
cloudy or milky in appearance.
