Download Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System: Key Terms and Definitions and more Quizzes Biology of microorganisms in PDF only on Docsity!
ABO blood group system
a method by which red blood cell antigens are classified (e.g., individual's blood cells with type A antigens have type A blood; those with B antigens have type B blood, etc.). TERM 2
anticoagulant
DEFINITION 2 substance introduced into the blood or a blood specimen to keep it from clotting. TERM 3
aorta
DEFINITION 3 the largest artery in the body. TERM 4
arteries
DEFINITION 4 highly oxygenated blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. TERM 5
arterioles
DEFINITION 5 smaller branches of arteries.
atria
two of the four chambers of the heart. TERM 7
basilic vein
DEFINITION 7 vessel of the forearm that is acceptable for venipuncture. TERM 8
basophils
DEFINITION 8 a type of granulocyte (WBC). Basophilic granules stain dark purple or black with basic dyes, and their nuclei are often S- shaped. TERM 9
blood
DEFINITION 9 circulating fluid and cells in the cardiovascular system. In this textbook, blood refers to human blood, human blood components, and / or products made from human blood. TERM 10
blood pressure
DEFINITION 10 assessment of the functioning of the cardiovascular system using an instrument called a sphgmomanometer or blood pressure cuff. It is measured as systolic pressure, when the heart receives blood, and diastolic pressure, when the heart's ventricles relax.
coagulation
a phase in the blood clotting sequence in which many factors are released and interact to form a fibrin meshwork, or blood clot. TERM 17
cross-match
testing
DEFINITION 17 laboratory analysis that involves exposure of a donor's blood to a patient's blood to see if they are compatible or incompatible. TERM 18
differential
DEFINITION 18 a laboratory test that enumerates and categorizes white blood cells and any abnormalities present. TERM 19
edema
DEFINITION 19 swelling. TERM 20
eosinophils
DEFINITION 20 a type of granulocyte. Eosinophilic granules stain orange-red with acidic dyes. Their nuclei normally have two lobes.
erythropoiesis
production of erythrocytes, or red blood cells. TERM 22
erythropoietin
DEFINITION 22 hormone produced in the kidney that initiates the production of red blood cells. TERM 23
extrinsic factors
DEFINITION 23 substances involved in the clotting process that are stimulated when tissue damage occurs. TERM 24
fibrin
DEFINITION 24 substance that forms a blood clot. TERM 25
fibrinolysis
DEFINITION 25 the final phase of the hemostatic process whereby repair and regeneration of the injured blood vessel occurs and the clot slowly begins to dissolve or break up (lyse).
hypoxia
a condition in which body tissues are not receiving enough oxygen. TERM 32
inferior vena cava
DEFINITION 32 one of the two large veins that bring oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the lower trunk of the body (e.g., legs). TERM 33
intrinsic
DEFINITION 33 part of the coagulation process that involves the clotting factors contained in the blood. TERM 34
lymphatic
DEFINITION 34 body system responsible for maintaining fluid balance, providing a defense against disease, and absorption of fats and other substances from the blood stream. TERM 35
lymphocytes
DEFINITION 35 type of white blood cell that is non-granular in appearance; plays a role in immunity and in the production of antibodies.
median cubital vein
vein in the antecubital area that is most commonly used for venipuncture. TERM 37
megakaryocytes
DEFINITION 37 large cells located in the bone from which platelets are formed. TERM 38
monocytes
DEFINITION 38 type of white blood cell that is nongranular and also plays a role in defense. TERM 39
neutrophils
DEFINITION 39 a type of granulocyte. Neutrophilic granules stain bluish with neutral dyes, and their nuclei generally have two or more lobes. TERM 40
plasma
DEFINITION 40 liquid portion of the blood in which blood cells are suspended. Plasma specimens contain fibrinogen and thus have been prevented from clotting.
superior vena cava
one of the two large veins that brings oxygen-poor blood to the heart from the head, neck, arms, and chest region. TERM 47
systemic
circuit
DEFINITION 47 part of the cardiovascular system that carries blood to the tissues of the body. TERM 48
vascular
DEFINITION 48 a network of blood vessels that includes veins, arteries, and capillaries. TERM 49
vasoconstriction
DEFINITION 49 rapid constriction of the blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the area. TERM 50
veins
DEFINITION 50 blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart after oxygen has been delivered to the tissues. Veins carry deoxygenated blood (except in the case of the pulmonary veins, the only veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart).
venae cavae
largest veins of the body. TERM 52
ventricles
DEFINITION 52 two of the four chambers of the heart. TERM 53
venules
DEFINITION 53 minute veins that flow into larger veins. TERM 54
white blood cells (WBCs or leukocytes)
DEFINITION 54 blood cells that provide for defense against infectious agents.
