Download LETRS Phonics Training Units 1 - 4 Questions and Answers and more Exams English Language in PDF only on Docsity!
LETRS Phonics Training Units 1 - 4
What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography? - ANS - Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds. Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to process spoken and written language? - ANS - Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic writing. Which skills are least correlated with reading comprehension in children? - ANS - visual-motor skills and visual-spatial reasoning According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension? - ANS - Both are equally important. According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what percentage of fourth- grade students have scored "basic" or "below basic" in reading? - ANS - 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount Which of these is an example of morphology? - ANS - We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe all contain the root uni, meaning "one." How does the language system of pragmatics help us to understand why written language is more structured than spoken language? - ANS - Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language, so there is less need for it to be highly structured. Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension as factors in reading comprehension? - ANS - As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral reading fluency.
What adds to the challenge of becoming literate? Select all that apply. - ANS - All meaning resides in the written words alone; there is no additional physical context or gestures, facial expressions, etc., to support meaning.
- AND- Reading and writing require learning new forms of language, such as changes to sentence structure, discourse, and presentation of vocabulary and semantics. Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language? - ANS - It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized. English vowels are easier for students to pronounce and write than consonants. - ANS - False What makes r-controlled vowel sounds so confusing for students? - ANS - The r takes over the preceding vowel sound. Which of the following sounds is considered a front vowel? - ANS - /ā/ Which of the following vowels require that the mouth shift position during production of the sound? Select all that apply. - ANS - /oi/ - AND- /ou/ Spanish has 22 phonemes represented by 27 symbols, compared to English's 44 phonemes and 26 symbols. - ANS - True The variations common in African American English are predictable and governed by rules. - ANS - True Which of the following misspellings likely results from confusion about unaspirated or deaspirated stop consonants? - ANS - spelling skip as "sgip" In which group of words does a tongue flap create significant differences between American and British pronunciations? - ANS - cattle, city, metal
As a general guideline, the optimal amount of time to spend on teaching phonemic awareness to normally progressing kindergarten or first-grade students is - ANS - 5 - 10 minutes daily for about 20 weeks. If a student in first grade (or later) often confuses words like bed and bad, pest and past, and pen and pan during spelling, what skill practice would be most appropriate? - ANS - discriminating phonemes /ě/ and /ă/ Which of the following is most likely a symptom of a problem with phonological working memory? - ANS - forgetting the words when asked to repeat a sentence Which phonological awareness activity would be most appropriate for early kindergarten students in Ehri's prealphabetic phase? - ANS - recognizing the rhyming words in "Hickory Dickory Dock" If a student obtains a low score on a test of rapid automatic naming (RAN), what is the teacher's best course of action? - ANS - Continue to develop phonological awareness at the appropriate levels. Which set of words would be appropriate for practicing four-phoneme blending? - ANS - quit, sling, roast Phonological awareness tasks that emphasize segmentation and blending of two- or three- phoneme words align with which level of phonological awareness according to Kilpatrick? - ANS - basic phonemic awareness Which student is demonstrating the most advanced level of phonemic awareness? - ANS - a student who reverses the order of sounds in perch to make chirp Which teaching strategy would be most helpful for students who confuse the sounds /f/ and /th/ in their own speech? - ANS - Have the student look in a mirror while describing and producing each sound.
How many spoken syllables are there in possible? - ANS - 3 How many spoken syllables are there in buttered? - ANS - 2 How is the word pl - ay divided in this example? - ANS - onset-rime Which of the following is typically done as an extended practice activity in phonics lessons? - ANS - timed reading of learned words The term phonics may be used to refer to (select all that apply): - ANS - the system of phoneme- grapheme correspondences that are the basis for an alphabetic orthography. - AND- an essential component (one of the five pillars) of effective reading instruction. - AND- a strategy for decoding new words and storing them in orthographic memory. The ability to decode a new, previously unknown printed word, in or out of context, depends on (select all that apply): - ANS - knowledge of phoneme-grapheme correspondences. - AND- the ability to blend phonemes and graphemes quickly. Teachers who take a code-emphasis approach to instruction generally do not discuss the meanings of words being taught. - ANS - False Roughly half of all words in English can be spelled correctly based on established sound-symbol correspondences. - ANS - True Complete this sentence: A complex syllable is a syllable that contains a ______. - ANS - consonant blend Complete this sentence: Vowel teams in English can have up to ______ letters. - ANS - 4 Which set of words illustrates both the Floss rule and the "-ck" Rule? - ANS - slick, kiss, cuff
Which guideline(s) should teachers follow when choosing key words for sound-spelling cards? Select all that apply. - ANS - Avoid words in which nasalization affects the way a vowel is pronounced, such as angry for /ă/.
- AND- Avoid words in which a consonant appears as part of a blend, such as stop for /s/
- AND- Avoid words with phonemes that sound like letter names, like empty (m - t). Which activity is best for helping students distinguish between easily confused speech sounds such as /k/ and /g/? - ANS - a word chain using minimally contrasting pairs Which activities provide direct practice working with word meaning? Select all that apply. - ANS - word webs - AND- word classification Open sort activities are most appropriate for advanced students who already know how to look for an orthographic pattern. - ANS - True Word chain activities should use real words only. - ANS - False How often should teachers introduce students to new irregular, high-frequency words? - ANS - 3 - 5 times a week Which is the best definition of the term sight words? - ANS - any words a reader can recognize instantly and read Sentence dictation routines should include reminders about basic writing conventions (e.g., capitalization, end punctuation). - ANS - true Pattern words that are easy to read are also easy for students to spell. - ANS - False
Leveled texts are ranked on objective readability criteria, gradually becoming more difficult as students progress through the levels. - ANS - False If a teacher follows a systematic process for transferring phonics skills to text, it's reasonable to expect students to read a decodable passage independently after a week of instruction. - ANS - True Students are reading a decodable text that uses only pattern words or high-frequency words students have been taught. What level of reading accuracy is reasonable to expect? - ANS - 95% Over the course of a week of phonics instruction, which step in the Transfer to Text Process is the first that can be phased out? - ANS - Practice reading skill words in isolation before reading them in a passage. A school library has available a series of lavishly illustrated predictable texts written in verse. What are the most appropriate ways to use these in the classroom? - ANS - Use them as teacher read-alouds to enhance oral language and comprehension skills. The quality of Tier 2 and Tier 3 instruction is the most important variable affecting student progress in grades K-3. - ANS - False Successful implementation of an RTI or MTSS model depends on collaboration among all faculty. - ANS - True What proportion of students are likely to need Tier 2 or Tier 3 instruction even when Tier 1 instruction is effective? - ANS - at least 20% Based on the assessment data presented in this session, what can you conclude about how teachers professional development (PD) affects students' performance outcomes? - ANS - PD to build teacher expertise and provide coaching supports significantly improved student performance.
Which of the following is the best example of a well-designed word list for a word chaining activity? - ANS - rat, chat, chap, chip, rip, rap A first-grade teacher has posted a word wall using alphabetical order to list the high-frequency words the students must learn. For example, under A are the words aunt, along, an, add, April, and above. How could the teacher best ensure that students will recognize and spell words that begin with a? - ANS - Teach systematic decoding of sound-symbol correspondences beginning with short a. What is true about the relationship between reading and spelling? - ANS - Spelling is generally harder than reading because the exact letters of the word must be recalled. Direct instruction in word structure (as distinct from phonics instruction) improves accuracy and automaticity in reading. - ANS - True Many common English words combine simple Anglo-Saxon words with Greek-derived forms. - ANS - False Proficient word reading requires using the mental process called: - ANS - orthographic mapping. New scientific terms—in the physical sciences, for example—are most likely to be coined from which language? - ANS - Greek The tch spelling of the /ch/ sound is usually used in which circumstance? - ANS - when the /ch/ sound follows an accented short vowel Words in which the letter y stands for the short i sound (e.g., rhythm, polyp`) are usually from which language? - ANS - Greek In English, some letters of the alphabet never end a word. - ANS - True
It is acceptable for students to use invented spelling occasionally in phoneme-grapheme mapping activities. - ANS - False Which syllable type occurs in each of these words: adage, lettuce, callous, ocean, and station? - ANS - an odd syllable with a schwa In which of these examples does the vowel sound's position in a syllable or word determine which vowel team represents it? Select all that apply. - ANS - the /oi/ sound in coin, ploy, android, and destroy - AND- the /ā/ sound in stain, sail, away, and payment - AND- the /ō/ sound in float, row, window, and toadstool Consonant-le (Cle) syllables can occur anywhere within a word and be stressed or unstressed. - ANS - false Classifying syllable types in multisyllabic words should be considered a scaffolding activity, not a goal in itself. - ANS - True For which of these verbs would you need to change y to i before adding the suffix - ed? Select all that apply. - ANS - defy - AND- deny Look at the syllable breaks in the words below. In which word do the syllable breaks correspond exactly with divisions between morphemes? - ANS - care - ful - ly Adding a derivational suffix to a word often changes the part of speech. - ANS - True Students should learn inflectional suffixes such as - ed and - s before learning derivational suffixes like - ful and - less. - ANS - True Which spelling concept is usually taught in third grade? - ANS - multisyllabic base words About how many irregular spelling words should be introduced per week as part of spelling instruction? - ANS - 3 - 5
Which of the following is generally not considered when assessing whether a students performance is at level? - ANS - reading levels of leveled text Which is the best example of instruction that is sequential? - ANS - teaching the concept of vowel teams, then teaching these long a vowel teams in order: ai, ay, ei, high Approximately how much time should be spent on code-based or word work activities in first- grade language arts? - ANS - 30 - 40 % Most students can easily adapt if they need to switch between one program used for core instruction and another used for intervention. - ANS - False The "formula" for how much time to allocate to word work varies by grade level; teachers should never deviate from the established formula for the grade they teach. - ANS - False At what point in a student's reading development, in grades K-3, do you no longer need to spend any instructional time on systematic, explicit instruction in phonology, phonics, and syllabification? - ANS - when students can rapidly and accurately decode new words encountered in text What is the most critical step in the process of teaching students to recognize printed words automatically, with little effort? - ANS - Ensure that students can apply their knowledge of phonics patterns to unknown words. What is the best definition for oral reading fluency? - ANS - reading with accuracy, expression, and sufficient speed to support comprehension What is the best explanation for the spelling of smiled during a lesson on rules for adding suffixes to base words? - ANS - happily Which of the following two-syllable words contains a vowel team syllable followed by a syllable with a vowel-r pattern? - ANS - power
if you were teaching the soft c for reading and spelling, which words could be used as examples?
- ANS - circus, cycle, center If students were mapping the graphemes in the word timing, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - ANS - 5 If students were mapping the graphemes in the word badge, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - ANS - 3 If students were mapping the graphemes in the word flight, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - ANS - 4 Based on the grapheme representing /sh/, which word is probably from French? - ANS - machine
