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LETRS UNITS 1-4 POST-TEST
Which statement best describes the relationship between reading comprehension and word decoding in a beginning reader's development? Developing decoding skills is secondary to the development of text comprehension skills. Reading comprehension strategies directly facilitate the development of decoding skills. Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary for development of reading fluency and text comprehension. These skills develop independently of one another. - correct answer Accurate, fast word recognition is necessary for development of reading fluency and text comprehension. Near the close of the day, a kindergarten teacher guides the students in conversation about the day's activities. She writes down what is said on large chart paper, then reads it to the class. This activity would aid their literacy development primarily by promoting which skill? oral language comprehension basic understanding of orthographic patterns phonological awareness syntactic processing - correct answer oral language comprehension What is the most important implication of the Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition? Context is a primary driver of word recognition during reading. Reading is primarily a visually driven process, dependent on the "brain's letterbox." Students can compensate for weak phonology if they know the meaning of many words. Reading depends on constructing pathways between the phonological, orthographic, and meaning processors. - correct answer Reading depends on constructing pathways between the phonological, orthographic, and meaning processors.
After results of a winter screening, six second-graders scored in the "somewhat at risk" range. What is the next step the teacher team should take? Coordinate what lesson students are receiving in the core instruction program. Analyze the screening results and gather additional diagnostic assessment data. Interview each student to determine his or her interests. Place the students in groups based on the leveled text they can read. - correct answer Analyze the screening results and gather additional diagnostic assessment data. How is the word sn - ow divided? syllable onset-rime phoneme-grapheme phoneme - correct answer onset-rime How many spoken syllables are there in frightening? 1 2 3 4 - correct answer 3 How many spoken syllables are there in cleaned? 1 2 3
A student spells skin as "sgin." What type of phonological error did she make? consonant substitution due to visual confusion of letters substitution of a voiced for an unvoiced consonant substitution of a voiceless consonant for an unvoiced consonant substitution of a nasal for a nonnasal consonant - correct answer substitution of a voiced for an unvoiced consonant Having students listen to a word, say it, and then mentally reverse the sounds in the word is an instructional activity that would be most appropriate for which students? those who have mastered matching uppercase and lowercase letters those not reaching mastery in letter recognition those with a relatively low level of phonological awareness those who have mastered basic phonemic awareness - correct answer those who have mastered basic phonemic awareness How can phonics instruction be organized to be most effective? around a preplanned progression through a logical skill sequence around the vocabulary words from science and social studies to take advantage of teachable moments during authentic literature study so that students can work independently in centers - correct answer around a preplanned progression through a logical skill sequence Which word group might a teacher include in a lesson focused on identification of consonant blends? wreck, doubt, gnat plan, squirm, train
thick, short, much all of the above - correct answer plan, squirm, train Which word group might a teacher include in a lesson focused on reviewing consonant digraphs? sure, sugar, sweet phone, throne, shown verge, dodge, bulge all of the above - correct answer phone, throne, shown In the early alphabetic phase of word-reading development, students know some letter- sound correspondences and most letter names. A student at this level is most likely to progress with what type of instruction? finger-point reading of predictable text blending 2-3 phoneme-grapheme correspondences within simple, one-syllable words writing dictated sentences with 4-5 words rhyming, syllable clapping, and visual discrimination of letters - correct answer blending 2- 3 phoneme-grapheme correspondences within simple, one-syllable words Of all the phonic correspondences represented in these words, which pattern is likely to be learned after the others? vine map best dish - correct answer vine
by making individual copies of the word wall list for every student by pointing to the word wall when the words are encountered in text reading - correct answer by removing regularly spelled th words, and teaching them through sound blending A good phonics lesson should include opportunities for students to apply the phoneme- grapheme relationships that have been explicitly taught. Which text type would best provide the practice needed? grade-level text leveled reader decodable text predictable text - correct answer decodable text In which word does the grapheme representing /k/ indicate that the word is probably from Greek? machine quartile picnicking character - correct answer character Which of the following words is most probably "Latin-based"? wayward transport lamppost chlorophyll - correct answer transport Which of the following is a feature of English spelling?
A silent e at the end of a word always makes the vowel long. Words never end in the letters j or v. When two vowels go walking, the first one does the talking. A closed syllable must begin with a consonant. - correct answer Words never end in the letters j or v. In phoneme-grapheme mapping, students first segment and mark boxes for the phonemes. Then, they map the graphemes. If students were mapping the graphemes in this word, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? wife 1 2 3 4 - correct answer 3 In phoneme-grapheme mapping, students first segment and mark boxes for the phonemes. Then, they map the graphemes. If students were mapping the graphemes in this word, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? dodged 2 3 4 5 - correct answer 4 In phoneme-grapheme mapping, students first segment and mark boxes for the phonemes. Then, they map the graphemes. If students were mapping the graphemes in this word, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? void 1 2 3
l, e, i o, u, y i, e, y o, u, a - correct answer The /k/ sound in lake and lack is spelled differently. Why do we use the ck spelling in lack? It is a one-syllable word with one vowel sound. It is a verb with no inflectional ending. It follows a single short vowel at the end of a stressed syllable. The word's origin is Greek. - correct answer It follows a single short vowel at the end of a stressed syllable. If a second-grader lacks fluency when reading aloud, what is the language skill that the teacher should assess first? listening comprehension executive functioning phonology and decoding breadth of vocabulary - correct answer phonology and decoding Which one of the following two-syllable words contains a vowel team syllable and a syllable with a vowel-r pattern? barren approach owner arrive - correct answer owner
A second-grade student writes: "I have finely finished my math project." Her misspelling of the word finally most likely indicates which of the following? She is not attentive to the sounds in the word. She does not know basic letter-sound correspondences. She needs to know how the meaningful parts (morphemes) distinguish a word. She needs to learn to pay closer attention to the syllable types. - correct answer She needs to know how the meaningful parts (morphemes) distinguish a word. Which word might be found in a lesson on adjective suffixes? native nation naturally naturalist - correct answer native How can a teacher explain to students why there is a double n in beginning? The base word ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, and the suffix begins with a vowel. The final consonant of a word is always doubled with -ing. The final consonant n is not well articulated and needs to be strengthened. There is no principle or rule to explain this. - correct answer The base word ends in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, and the suffix begins with a vowel. Which of the following misspelled words would be considered to be a morphological spelling error? "trane" for train
how to copy words from their word wall how to apply their knowledge of consistent phonics patterns in controlled text how to use context clues to figure out the word how to take turns using a stopwatch to time each other - correct answer how to apply their knowledge of consistent phonics patterns in controlled text If a midyear first-grader reaches benchmark on screening for correct letter sounds, but does not read any whole words accurately when asked to read simple nonsense syllables, what type of instruction should this student receive? small-group instruction focusing on nonsense words progress monitoring in oral reading fluency more practice reading text at the independent level instruction in fluent phoneme blending - correct answer instruction in fluent phoneme blending Which of these students has the greatest need for intervention focused on systematic, explicit phonics instruction? a first-grader who can decode nonsense words but is disorganized when retelling a story a kindergartener who is good at letter naming but weak in phoneme segmentation a second-grader who relies on context clues to identify words but has trouble sounding out unfamiliar words, including nonsense words a third-grader who still sounds out irregular, high-frequency words such as said and does - correct answer a second-grader who relies on context clues to identify words but has trouble sounding out unfamiliar words, including nonsense words
