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Fully functional delivery drone.
Typology: Thesis
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i Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Technology Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi- 110025 CERTIFICATE
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( Ms. Amber Khan ) Supervisor (Signature of HOD with seal)
iii Acknowledgement
iv Abstract Drones usually define as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs). It is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously with complex systems and components. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become more famous and available as the technology becomes cheaper. All the technologies always have an improvement and involve through the research. Drones was first created in the beginning of 1900s and was modified in many ways until todays. With the different purpose and knowledge, drones were adjusted and improved more advance in order to achieve their desire and follow the trend of technological progress. Every technology was invented through the research in order to solve their own’s problem. Just like the problem of COVID-19 pandemic, everyone needs to avoid a close contact and touching between each other because to prevent from infection of virus. So, we conduct the research to build a delivery drone that will fly autonomously while carrying some package of delivery during this pandemic. This thesis is about the production and capabilities of delivery drone to contribute in the logistic networks system which is delivery system while avoid the close contact between peoples in India. This paper will introduce a prototype system for the suitable delivery drone that involve many knowledges. It is done by making the overview of all current technologies and components of previous drones. This prototype will include design decisions which is body and electronic design, components, target market of drones, possible cost, how it is working, advantages, disadvantages and the future recommendation of drones. The goal of this prototype is to show how the delivery drone will help us in the logistic networks system especially during pandemic. Delivery drones promise to be fast, cost reducing and eco-friendly for all people. These are a further developed technology and can help reducing the human burden in the future. Even if these drones can be used to help the human in many ways, the new problems and challenges will appear. So, more research and testing will be needed to prove the delivery drone can be complete and use in a safe manner and hopefully will help in human’s work in daily life.
vii List of Figures
2 | P a g e 1.2 Drone Technology An unmanned aircraft is a drone. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems are more official names for drones. A drone is essentially a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly on its own using flight plans that are controlled by software and onboard sensors. The military was frequently linked to UAVs. They were first employed as platforms for weapons, which was more contentious, anti-aircraft target practise, and intelligence collection. Fig. 1. 1 Military Drone Around 2013, a new style in tech toys and aerial imaging began to gain traction. a rise in popularity for small, multi-rotor radio-controlled planes, most notably the DJI Phantom 4, a small quadcopter with an aerial camera stabilised by a gimbal.
3 | P a g e Fig 1. 2 DJI Phantom 4 Video and data are provided by visual sensors. Multispectral sensors capture visible and invisible wavelengths, such as infrared and ultraviolet, while red, green, and blue sensors collect the typical visual red, green, and blue wavelengths. Other typical drone characteristics include accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, barometers, and GPS. Applications for surveillance and security, such as the monitoring of livestock and the identification of heat signatures, are made possible by thermal sensors, for instance. To avoid collisions and detect impediments, certain drones use sensors. The sensors were initially intended to find anything in front of the drone. Currently, some drones can detect obstacles from five different angles: the front, the back, the bottom, the top, and the side. Drones use visual positioning systems for landing that have cameras pointed downward and ultrasonic sensors. The drone's proximity to the ground is measured using ultrasonic sensors.
5 | P a g e
2. AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES 2.1 Theory The objective implementing the delivery drones is to make it easy deliver items to homes. The delivery drone that our project aims and target to the different departments/offices of Jamia Millia Islamia. This is because without the delivery drone it will troublesome the receiver and senders. As for example, the senders or the customers will be forced to climb up or fall down the stairs for receiving and also sending the items. This will impact their time to do other job. In addition, with the aid of delivery drone it will reduce the senders’ job and also not disturbing the customers’ working time. Then, the speed of delivery drone also aids in sending the items as soon as possible. The delivery drone also will send the items on time. Nowadays, customers often complain the item received lately. Therefore, delivery services ought to make use of delivery drones. Drone delivery is being used to conserve energy as well. The rechargeable battery is primarily used by delivery drones to power the rotors. The rechargeable battery is a long-lasting sustainable energy source. Some drones charge themselves using solar energy. As a result, less non-renewable energy like coal, petroleum, and natural gas will be used. This is due to the significant non-renewable energy required to convey goods using vehicles like motorcycles, cars, vans, and trucks. Additionally, it will conserve human energy. This is because when taking or delivering products, especially for apartment or flat occupants, clients and senders do not spend their time. Next, expanding the economy is the goal of using delivery drones. This is due to the fact that the development of delivery drones will open up new markets in other nations. The national currency will grow and increase as a result. The national science and technology industry is also growing as a result of the delivery drone development. Then, businessmen are interested in investing money in the nation that has delivery drone technology. The delivery drone helps the economy develop. 2.2 Target market Introduce drone delivery for online retailers. Delivery systems for e- commerce sites like Amazon and Flipkart should be created to deliver products to customers in under 30 minutes. The delivery drone helps to shorten last-mile delivery times and lower associated costs. It is projected that as the market for delivery drone services grows over time, E-commerce
6 | P a g e companies will increasingly outsource their delivery needs to other companies who own and manage a fleet of drones. Restaurant delivery drones should be introduced. For restaurant owners, the logistics of delivering food to clients' homes have long been a major challenge. It is challenging to establish staffing levels in advance because of the high costs and changing workloads. The use of restaurant delivery drones might be one way to bring food to consumers' homes. As soon as the laws catch up, many restaurants will be able to serve food more easily using drones, and many more that have never tried home delivery will be able to as well. 2.3 Possible Cost for Delivery Drone System Depending on their design, drones might cost more than Rs. 30,000. It must also take into account a for software and upkeep. Due to economies of scale in drone production, as their commercial use increases, the price of drones is projected to decrease. Additional costs associated with drones need to be considered, including those associated with setting up and running drone delivery hubs, funding research and development, and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Other costs include the land and buildings needed for drone stations, the computers and software control systems that guide drone flights, the on-site computer support staff and drone monitors, the robotic maintenance engineers and on-site drone upgrades, the energy costs for building maintenance, the logistics management team needed to oversee drone operations, any insurance or legal fees that may be incurred, and any potential air or radio frequency rights for drones and others. In addition, there may be legal fees if any of the following occur: drones are discovered flying in unauthorised airspace, drones are shot down by innocent bystanders, or drones land in an unauthorised location. 2.4 How Does Drone Delivery Work? An autonomous drone delivery network will function as follows when a consumer makes a purchase:
8 | P a g e delivery system. By deploying a drone, people are free to focus solely on order fulfilment and customer care while the things are delivered by the drones. The next step is to improve the accuracy of the delivered goods. When delivering goods to the intended customer, delivery drones are more effective. Compared to a human, they are more accurate in delivering materials to the correct person. Instances of incorrect recipients can be greatly reduced. Delivery drones might now automatically find a specific address when a consumer orders a goods thanks to GPS technology. When completing the identical activities, this technology performs at a higher rate than humans do. Deliveries by drone may lead to more job opportunities. As more observers are required for delivery drone tracking, the introduction of delivery drones opens up additional opportunities for others. This will aid in lowering Malaysia's unemployment rate. As a result, it promotes India's economic growth. 2.6 The Disadvantages of Delivery Drone The battery's impact. For this to work, battery technology needs to be improved. The typical delivery drone's power requirements could cause a loss of power in 20 minutes or less. This doesn't give the drone enough time to fly back to the company's headquarters or to deliver the cargo to its targeted location. Client complaints, product costs, and insurance premiums will all increase if the delivery drone doesn't fulfil its obligation to the customer. The practicalities of replacing or locating lost drones would still be an issue if you were unable to resume your operation. Drones might get stolen, so be aware of that. Detaching a delivery drone's power system doesn't require a lot of technical knowledge. Businesses must also deal with this risk if they choose to choose the express delivery option. By purchasing a little item from their preferred e-commerce website, anyone can uninstall the equipment whenever they want. If this action has been done, it might be difficult for the firm to find a way to reclaim their land. If this service is to become a reality, legislation will probably need to be updated to reduce this risk. We must take into account the privacy risk that delivery drones bring. The use of a camera is one method by which this delivery system might offer drone delivery services. Managers will be able to determine whether distribution was successful by streaming footage to the corporate office.
9 | P a g e Future theft risk may be decreased with the use of this technology. A drone camera's drawback is that it can record videos of persons and objects unrelated to the transaction. The individuals who are captured in this stream won't provide their consent. Here, it will also be necessary to rewrite the laws and rules. The weight and range restrictions on drones are another drawback. Only lighter, smaller things can be delivered using this method over short distances. Typically, a drone is a small gadget. As a result, the drone can only carry objects that are within its weight range. If the package was too big, the drone might not be able to use its capabilities, which would be a problem. In this scenario, distance also matters. The drone will be out of range if the address is too far away. The item cannot be dispatched as a result. Concerns about noise emissions may exist. Since there aren't very many drones in use at any given time, this isn't a serious issue at the moment. However, when drone delivery becomes more widespread, noise may become an issue that requires attention. 2.7 Future Recommendation These benefits and drawbacks Because the technology we utilise for this logistical option are still being developed, delivery drones are still just an idea. Future online shoppers may choose this option as their standard express shipping option. It might be a concept whose time of realisation is fewer than five years away. More companies will consider introducing a service in the future if we can learn from our errors while funding research and development items in the future. Expand the Delivery's Purpose. Since warehouses are conveniently located in most urban areas, the use of drones for international shipping should be expanded in addition to their current use for medication delivery. This would eliminate the need for delivery trucks for home delivery, aeroplanes to transport some goods, and other fossil fuel-intensive transportation methods. Because there are fewer logistics to do, the cost of shipping and handling is decreased. Increase the Capacity of the drone. By boosting the drones' strength and endurance, the capacity can be increased so that they can deliver larger boxes and items weighing more than 50 kg in addition to carrying and carrying little amounts of such items.
11 | P a g e 3. THE DRONE 3.1 Introduction
12 | P a g e location while the drone is not in use. The battery's lifespan may be extended and the charge maintained as a result. Furthermore, it's critical to avoid overcharging the battery, which could significantly reduce its longevity. Overall, giving the battery exceptional care will guarantee that it lasts as long as possible.
