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Acid
any substance that donates a proton
TERM 2
Strong acid
DEFINITION 2
completely dissociatesto H+ and A-
TERM 3
Weak Acid
DEFINITION 3
incompletely dissociates: equilibrium
TERM 4
Base
DEFINITION 4
any substance that accepts a proton
TERM 5
Strong Base
DEFINITION 5
completely associates to BH
weak base
incompletely associates: equilibrium
TERM 7
Volatile acid
DEFINITION 7
any acidic molecule that can leave the bodys fluidsCO2 is the
prime example
TERM 8
Fixed Acids
DEFINITION 8
any substance that stays in the bodys fluidsLactic acid
(lactate), ketone bodies (-hydroxybuterate, acetoacetate),
sulfate, phosphate
TERM 9
Carbonic anhydrase
DEFINITION 9
found in nearly all tissuesthe enzyme that reacts with CO
and H2O to produce carbonic acid H2CO
TERM 10
key players in regulating blood pH
DEFINITION 10
carbonic anhydrasecarbon dioxidebicarbonate
H2PO4-/HPO4-2 buffer pair of? How is acid
controlled?
pH= 6.8Phosphate important in urinary excretion of acid
TERM 17
Buffers of the body
DEFINITION 17
AMP, ADP, ATP, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG)albumin
(protein in blood)hemoglobin9 total
TERM 18
equivalent? mono, di,
trivalence
DEFINITION 18
equivalent = mol / |Z|For monovalent ions, 1 mole =
equivalentFor divalent ions, 0.5 mol = 1 equivalentFor
trivalent ions, 0.333 mol = 1 equivalent
TERM 19
Respiratory Acidosis
DEFINITION 19
pH less than 7.35 (7.4 normal) with a PaCO2 greater than 45
mm Hg (35-45 mm Hg normal).hypoventilation a drop in pH
and an increase in CO
TERM 20
Respiratory Alkalosis
DEFINITION 20
pH greater than 7.45 (normal 7.35 to 7.45) with a PaCO2 less
than 35 mm Hg (35-45 mm Hg normal).hyperventilation Rise
in pH and drop in CO
Metabolic Acidosis
bicarbonate level of less than 22 mEq/L with a pH of less than
7.35.low bicarbonate and low pH Fixed acids will dissociate a
proton, increasing [H+], lowering pH. Or, if there is a
decrease in base in the bloodstream, there will be decreased
capacity to pick up free H+ so pH will decrease.
TERM 22
Metabolic Alkalosis
DEFINITION 22
bicarbonate level greater than 26 mEq/liter with a pH greater
than 7.45high pH high bicarbonateexcess of base or a loss of
acid within the body can cause metabolic alkalosis
TERM 23
How are Acidemia and Alkalemia diagnosed?
DEFINITION 23
Arterial Blood Gas determine respiratory (pH & CO2) or
metabolic (pH & bicarbonate)
TERM 24
3 Degrees of
Compensation
DEFINITION 24
Uncompensated: irregular pH and either irregular CO2 or
HCO3Partially compensated: pH is abnormal and CO2 and
HCO3 are normalFully compensated: pH is normal CO2 and
HO3 are abnormal
TERM 25
Anion Gap
DEFINITION 25
Not really a gap: total + and charge is equal overall. But
measurement based on major ions only, which dont add up
What configuration are sugars?
D
TERM 32
Aldoses and ketoses
DEFINITION 32
aldehydes and ketones
TERM 33
pyranose and furanose
DEFINITION 33
pyranose is a six member ring (can oxidize)furanose is a five
member ring (cannot oxidize)only aldehydes can oxidize
TERM 34
anomeric carbon
DEFINITION 34
carbon next to the oxygen in a pyranose or furanosealpha
config is downbeta config is up
TERM 35
reducing end
DEFINITION 35
free aldose anomeric carbon with OH
beta 1,
breakdown
our bodies cannot breakdown beta 1,4 linkages like cellulose
