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Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and pH Regulation, Quizzes of Biochemistry

Definitions and explanations for various terms related to acids, bases, and ph regulation in the body. Topics include strong and weak acids and bases, volatile and fixed acids, carbonic anhydrase, kidney function, and buffer systems. The document also covers the concepts of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and the diagnosis of acidemia and alkalemia.

Typology: Quizzes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 08/02/2012

dhmulders
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TERM 1
Acid
DEFINITION 1
any substance that donates a proton
TERM 2
Strong acid
DEFINITION 2
completely dissociatesto H+ and A-
TERM 3
Weak Acid
DEFINITION 3
incompletely dissociates: equilibrium
TERM 4
Base
DEFINITION 4
any substance that accepts a proton
TERM 5
Strong Base
DEFINITION 5
completely associates to BH
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8

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Acid

any substance that donates a proton

TERM 2

Strong acid

DEFINITION 2

completely dissociatesto H+ and A-

TERM 3

Weak Acid

DEFINITION 3

incompletely dissociates: equilibrium

TERM 4

Base

DEFINITION 4

any substance that accepts a proton

TERM 5

Strong Base

DEFINITION 5

completely associates to BH

weak base

incompletely associates: equilibrium

TERM 7

Volatile acid

DEFINITION 7

any acidic molecule that can leave the bodys fluidsCO2 is the

prime example

TERM 8

Fixed Acids

DEFINITION 8

any substance that stays in the bodys fluidsLactic acid

(lactate), ketone bodies (-hydroxybuterate, acetoacetate),

sulfate, phosphate

TERM 9

Carbonic anhydrase

DEFINITION 9

found in nearly all tissuesthe enzyme that reacts with CO

and H2O to produce carbonic acid H2CO

TERM 10

key players in regulating blood pH

DEFINITION 10

carbonic anhydrasecarbon dioxidebicarbonate

H2PO4-/HPO4-2 buffer pair of? How is acid

controlled?

pH= 6.8Phosphate important in urinary excretion of acid

TERM 17

Buffers of the body

DEFINITION 17

AMP, ADP, ATP, 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG)albumin

(protein in blood)hemoglobin9 total

TERM 18

equivalent? mono, di,

trivalence

DEFINITION 18

equivalent = mol / |Z|For monovalent ions, 1 mole =

equivalentFor divalent ions, 0.5 mol = 1 equivalentFor

trivalent ions, 0.333 mol = 1 equivalent

TERM 19

Respiratory Acidosis

DEFINITION 19

pH less than 7.35 (7.4 normal) with a PaCO2 greater than 45

mm Hg (35-45 mm Hg normal).hypoventilation a drop in pH

and an increase in CO

TERM 20

Respiratory Alkalosis

DEFINITION 20

pH greater than 7.45 (normal 7.35 to 7.45) with a PaCO2 less

than 35 mm Hg (35-45 mm Hg normal).hyperventilation Rise

in pH and drop in CO

Metabolic Acidosis

bicarbonate level of less than 22 mEq/L with a pH of less than

7.35.low bicarbonate and low pH Fixed acids will dissociate a

proton, increasing [H+], lowering pH. Or, if there is a

decrease in base in the bloodstream, there will be decreased

capacity to pick up free H+ so pH will decrease.

TERM 22

Metabolic Alkalosis

DEFINITION 22

bicarbonate level greater than 26 mEq/liter with a pH greater

than 7.45high pH high bicarbonateexcess of base or a loss of

acid within the body can cause metabolic alkalosis

TERM 23

How are Acidemia and Alkalemia diagnosed?

DEFINITION 23

Arterial Blood Gas determine respiratory (pH & CO2) or

metabolic (pH & bicarbonate)

TERM 24

3 Degrees of

Compensation

DEFINITION 24

Uncompensated: irregular pH and either irregular CO2 or

HCO3Partially compensated: pH is abnormal and CO2 and

HCO3 are normalFully compensated: pH is normal CO2 and

HO3 are abnormal

TERM 25

Anion Gap

DEFINITION 25

Not really a gap: total + and charge is equal overall. But

measurement based on major ions only, which dont add up

What configuration are sugars?

D

TERM 32

Aldoses and ketoses

DEFINITION 32

aldehydes and ketones

TERM 33

pyranose and furanose

DEFINITION 33

pyranose is a six member ring (can oxidize)furanose is a five

member ring (cannot oxidize)only aldehydes can oxidize

TERM 34

anomeric carbon

DEFINITION 34

carbon next to the oxygen in a pyranose or furanosealpha

config is downbeta config is up

TERM 35

reducing end

DEFINITION 35

free aldose anomeric carbon with OH

beta 1,

breakdown

our bodies cannot breakdown beta 1,4 linkages like cellulose