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LIFE102 - Final Exam (Arthun,CSU)
With 72 Questions With Answers
Pretend you have 2 populations of narwhals. One population (A) has a higher allele frequency for long horns, while the other population (B) has a higher allele frequency for short horns. A small subgroup of population A migrates into population B, causing changes in allele frequency. What is taking place? - โ โ Gene flow
Pretend you have a tiny island of unicorns in the middle of the Atlantic ocean, thousands of miles away from other landmasses. Suppose that a brutal hurricane rages throughout the Atlantic, killing off many of of the unicorns. Before the hurricane, 20 of the unicorns were pink, and the other 20 unicorns were white. Only 3 unicorns survived and they were all pink. From thereon, the island had only pink unicorns and no white unicorns. What explains this phenomena? - โ โ Bottleneck effect
There are many religious communities that decide to remove themselves from a larger population and form a newer, small population that is located in another geographic area. What is this an example of? - โ โ Founder effect
Consider a population of mice. Originally, the mice were very dark in color, but as time passed, the frequency of light-colored mice increased. What type of natural selection is this? - โ โ Directional
Healthy human babies usually have a birthweight between 6 and 8 pounds. Babies with a low birthweight generally have a lot of health complications, whereas babies with a high birthweight are extremely
difficult to deliver. What type of natural selection explains for a birthweight between 6 and 8 pounds? - โ โ Stabilizing
What is true concerning Hardy Wienberg equilibrium? - โ โ All of the above:
It is the null hypothesis to evolution
a population not in H-W equilibrium is going through evolution
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p + q = 1
Use the following information for questions 22-24. Suppose you have a population of dragons. In this particular species of dragon, there are three distinct genotypes: โข DD, which codes for blue scales โข Dd, which codes for purple scales โข dd, which codes for yellow scales In a population of 50 dragons, 17 of them are blue, 2 of them are yellow and 31 are purple
What are the values of p and q? - โ โ p = 0.
q = 0.
Use the following information for questions 22-24. Suppose you have a population of dragons. In this particular species of dragon, there are three distinct genotypes: โข DD, which codes for blue scales โข Dd, which codes for purple scales โข dd, which codes for yellow scales In a population of 50 dragons, 17 of them are blue, 2 of them are yellow and 31 are purple
BBee
Bbee
bbee
Which of the following demonstrates the principle that lies behind polygenic traits? - โ โ A and B are correct:
A) A person with dark skin color is unlikely to have red or blonde hair
B) Round peas are likely to be green, and wrinkled peas are likely to be yellow
Which of the following statements about DNA replication, transcription and translation are true? - โ โ DNA replication takes place during the S phase of the cell cycle
Transcription and translation are parts of the central dogma
Consider the following DNA helix and determine which strand would be the template strand (for transcription).
3' PROMOTOR ATTCGGTACCCGTAAG 5'
5' PROMOTOR TAAGCCATGGGCATTC 3' - โ โ Only the top strand can be used
Consider the following DNA helix and determine which strand would be the template strand (for transcription).
3' PROMOTOR ATTCGGTACCCGTAAG 5'
5' PROMOTOR TAAGCCATGGGCATTC 3'
Choose the correct mRNA sequence. - โ โ 5' UAAGCCAUGGGCAUUC 3'
What is the correct amino acid sequence? - โ โ Met-Gly-Ile
What is the limitation of DNA polymerase? - โ โ A and C are both correct:
It needs a primer
It can only synthesize new DNA in the 5' to 3' direction
Lettuce was bred from wild lettuce, which is poisonous and thorny - โ โ Artificial selection
Soon after the island of Hawaii rose above the sea surface (somewhat less than one million years ago), the evolution of life on this new island should have been most strongly influenced by ___. - โ โ The founder effect
Which part of the Hardy-Weinberg equation represents the heterozygous genotype frequency? - โ โ 2pq
In the same gorilla population, how many heterozygote carriers of the albinism allele are there? - โ โ 320
In a population of 1000 gorillas, 40 are albino. Albinism is caused by a recessive allele. What is the allelic frequency of the allele for an albinism in this population? - โ โ 0.
If there are 100,000 copies of a gene in a population, and 6000 of them are the dominant allele (A), what is the allelic frequency of A? - โ โ
these events is now most likely to occur to finch beaks on the island? - โ โ Increased variation in beak size and shape over time
Genetic variation ___. - โ โ must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population.
A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in his field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened? - โ โ Triazine- resistant weeks were more likely to survive and reproduce.
In Darwin's thinking, the more closely-related two different organisms are, the: - โ โ More-recently they shared a common ancestor
Which of the following evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth? All organisms ___. - โ โ Use essentially the same genetic code.
Which of the following conclusions was made by Darwin as part of his evolutionary theory? - โ โ Organisms that are better-adapted t the current environment will produce more offspring in the next generation.
The uniformity and diversity of life is best explained by which of the following biological processes? - โ โ Evolution
Genes with identical or very similar nucleotide sequences that are present in a wide variety of distantly-related organisms (such as the homeotic genes that control the anterior-posterior axis in both fruit flies and mice) are termed: - โ โ Conserved genes
To understand recent evolutionary events, it is best to study the genomes of ___. - โ โ Closely-related species
At the most-basic level, what is the primary source of all genetic variation? - โ โ Mutation
Two genes in the same gene family (such as the alpha-globin and beta- globin genes) ___. - โ โ Were formed because of a duplication event in an ancestral gene
Mobile segments of DNA that move from one site to another in a cell's genome by means of a DNA intermediate are specifically called: - โ โ Transposons
Which of the following statements concerning genomes is false? - โ โ Humans and other mammals have the highest gene density in a given length of DNA
Gregor Mendel studied genetics by looking at the phenotypes of his pea plants in order to determine their genotypes. Which of the following terms describes an alternative approach, in which the phenotype is determined by first studying the genotype? - โ โ Reverse genetics
A major problem with inserting an unmodified eukaryotic gene into a plasmid and then getting that gene expressed in bacteria is that ___. - โ โ Bacteria cannot remove eukaryotic introns
What can be accomplished using genetic engineering? - โ โ A gene from any organism can be expressed in any other organism
Which of the following can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? - โ โ Getting vaccinated
c) allels
d) the central dogma
What is required for evolution? - โ โ Heritable variations among individuals within a population
What is true of mutations? - โ โ They are completely random
What is a possible mRNA sequence to translate for protein?
Met - Phe - Gln - Val - Ala - His - โ โ UUAUGUUCCAGGUGGCCCAU
5' GCAUGAGGGGACAC 3'
What would happen if the strand was mutated and change to
5' GAUGAGUGGACAC 3' - โ โ A Arg will turn into a Ser
Humans have unnecessary organs, such as the appendix and tonsils. What is the evolutionary explanation for this? - โ โ Vestigal organs
Evolution occurs at which level? - โ โ Population
Speciation ___. - โ โ Can involve changes to a single gene.
Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena leading
to the origin of new species? - โ โ Sympatric speciation and polyploidy
House finches were found only in western North America until 1939, when a few individuals were released in New York City. These individuals established a breeding population and gradually expanded their range. The western population also expanded its range somewhat
eastward, and the two populations have recently come in contact. If the two forms were unable to interbreed when their expanding ranges met, it would be an example of ___. - โ โ Allopatric speciation
The Kaibab squirrel and the Abert squirrel arose from a common ancestor, but have been separated by the Grand Canyon. What type of speciation even allowed the development of these two species? - โ โ Allopatric speciation
The sperm of the purple sea urchin cannot fertilize the eggs of the red sea urchin. What type of reproductive barrier does this example illustrate? - โ โ Pre-zygotic; gametic isolation
Some snails have genitals that only fit their own species - โ โ Mechanical isolation
Blue-footed boobies have specific ritual dances necessary for successful mating - โ โ Behavioral isolation
The production of sterile mules by interbreeding between female horses and male donkeys is an example of ___. - โ โ Reduced hybrid fertility
Dog breeders maintain the purity of breeds by keeping dogs of different breeds apart when they are fertile. This kind of isolation is most similar to which of the following reproductive isolating mechanisms? - โ โ Habitat isolation
Two organisms are members of different species if ... - โ โ There is a reproductive barrier between them
