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LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT FINAL EXAM
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What is Erikson's developmental task of middle adulthood? - correct answers.generativity vs. stagnation In a study conducted by Snarey et al., what did they learn about the generativity of men with no children? - correct answers.they were still generative because most of them "adopted" a child Psychiatrist George Vaillant has identified a stage between intimacy and generativity. What is the name of this stage? - correct answers.career consolidation Jane is a middle-aged woman who volunteers as a tour guide at the local art museum and at the Museum of Asian Culture. She does this because she believes that the arts are an important part of culture and must be preserved and passed on to future generations. What term would Vaillant apply to Jane? - correct answers.keeper of the meaning What best expresses Daniel Levinson's idea about development at mid-life? - correct answers.midlife crisis Mrs. Jiminez has recently been promoted to administrator at the local nursing home, which means that she must be at work by 7:00 am. Mrs Jiminez also believes that she should provide her children with breakfast and supervision before they get on the school bus at 7:30 each morning. What is Mrs. Jiminez experiencing? - correct answers.role conflict When a person is confronted with a task which they are compelled to perform but for which they are ill prepared, which of the following are they likely to experience? - correct answers.role strain
The person who is forced to take on responsibilities which are in constant competition with each other is experiencing which of the following? - correct answers.role conflict When a couple has learned which strategies work best when resolving disagreements and therefore have a sense that they have control of the relationship, they have accomplished which of the following? - correct answers.skilled diplomacy What does the term sandwich generation refer to? - correct answers.multigenerational caregivers: middle aged adults who give care to their parents and children What does the term " Peter Pandemonium" refer to? - correct answers.young adults do not want to grow up What best exemplifies a "boomerang kid"? - correct answers.adult child who is unwilling to leave home The Davis family lives in a duplex. Grandma Fowler lives in one half and Mr. and Mrs. Fowler and their children live in the other half. Every day when the children get off of the school bus, grandma meets them and prepares their afternoon snack. She helps them with their homework until their parents get home from work. What kind of relationship does Grandma Fowler have with her grandchildren? - correct answers.involved relationship When grandparents seldom see their grandchildren, your text calls it what? - correct answers.remote relationships John and Jeri live hundreds of miles from their children. They are retired and have busy lives of leisure. They seldom visit their children and have never developed a close relationship with their grandchildren. Behavioral scientists would say John and Jeri have what type of relationships with their grandchildren? - correct answers.remote relationship which of these statements is true about companionate grandparents? - correct answers.grandparents have frequent contact & warm interactions with grandchildren "more love to spare" Which of these statements about the role of grandparents is correct? - correct answers.love the grandchildren What is a recommended way to avoid conflict in the role of in-law? - correct answers.don't give unsolicited advice or make unannounced visits, share your experience in nonjudgmental way, don't criticize behind backs What best describes the nature of friendship in middle adulthood? - correct answers.fewer friends, more intimate
What chronic condition is more common in men over 65 than women over 65? - correct answers.heart disease What is important in older age as a contributor to longevity and good health? - correct answers.health habits What is a change that occurs in the brain during the adult years? - correct answers.decline in the density of dendrites, reduction of brain weight, loss of gray matter, slower synaptic speed What is linked to minimized atrophy of the cerebral cortex of the brain? - correct answers.higher levels of education What is the most likely cause of slower reaction time for everyday tasks and activities for an older individual? - correct answers.dendritic loss results in slowing of synaptic speed What happens to vision in late adulthood? - correct answers.vision deficits including reduced field of vision, eye diseases and cataracts Mr. Cain has great difficulty seeing now because the lenses inside his eyes have become clouded over. What is the name of this condition? - correct answers.cataracts Macular degeneration is most likely to occur in? - correct answers.older adults Grandpa Ezra complains that he frequently hears ringing or buzzing sounds in his ears. What is Ezra experiencing? - correct answers.tinnitus What are some auditory problems that are typically experienced? - correct answers.tinnitus, presbycusis; loss of ability to hear high-frequency sounds, difficulties with word discrimination What sensations result from decreased production of saliva? - correct answers.wooly mouth The genetically programmed time limit for cell replication to which each species is theoretically bound is called... - correct answers.the hayflick limit What is the name of the theory which says that aging is a result of species-specific genes? - correct answers.programmed senescence theory What effect do free radicals have on the body? - correct answers.irreparable cellular damage What is likely to affect sexual activity in older age? - correct answers.lower testosterone levels, overall health, chronic pain
a neurological disorder that includes problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual's emotional, social, and physical functioning? - correct answers.dementia When is definitively diagnostic of Alzheimer's disease? - correct answers.only after a person dies How did Erikson characterize the developmental task of late adulthood? - correct answers.ego-inegrity-versus-despair define ego integrity? - correct answers.the feeling that one's life has been worthwhile As older adults reminisce about their life, which of the following describes the judgments they make about their past behavior? - correct answers.life review What, according to activity theory, could older adults do to have the most psychologically and physically healthy response to old age? - correct answers.maintain the greatest possible level of activity and involvement in the greatest possible number of roles According to research, what is the most common effect of activity upon later life? - correct answers.slightly greater satisfaction with themselves or their lives, are healthiest, and have the highest morale Gender roles tend to be least rigid in old age. This is reflective of which of the following aspects of disengagement theory? - correct answers.increased individuality According to disengagement theory, which of the following is the tendency of people to interact with fewer and fewer people and fill fewer and fewer roles? - correct answers.shrinkage of life space Miss Jennifer is 92. She has become increasingly solitary, preferring her "quite time" to the company of others. She no longer gets out much, and although she does not really seem depressed, her level of involvement with the world has diminished to almost nothing. Miss Jennifer's lifestyle is consistent with the aspect of disengagement theory known as... - correct answers.acceptance of these changes What is the term used by gerontologists to describe maintaining one's physical health, mental abilities, social competence and general satisfaction with life? - correct answers.successful aging According to research in the United States and Japan, which factor might help individuals to recover from a health crisis such as a stroke or a fracture? - correct answers.social engagement
Lana and Woodrow moved to a retirement community on a lake because they like to fish and ski. According to Longino, their move could be considered to be which of the following? - correct answers.amenity move How are older adults typically evaluated by management in the work place? - correct answers.management views older employees as more reliable. The quality of older employees' work is better Which form of death occurs at the point at which family members and medical personnel treat the deceased person as a corpse? - correct answers.social death/legal death Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where rescue is still possible even though there is no evidence of brain function, the heart has stopped, and breathing has stopped? - correct answers.clinical death Which form of death has occurred in circumstances where there is no electrical activity in the brain and the person no longer has reflexes or responds to vigorous external stimuli? - correct answers.brain dead What circumstances permit the determination that a person is legally dead? - correct answers.when brainstem is dead, no independent body functions an approach to caring for the terminally ill that focuses on individual and family control over the process of dying - correct answers.hospice care In the United States and other industrialized countries, where do most adults die? - correct answers.hospital or medical center Which type of care focuses on relieving a terminally ill patient's pain, rather than curing the illness? - correct answers.palliative care In which type of hospice programs are family caregivers supported by specially trained healthcare workers? - correct answers.residence based In which of the following would you find a small number of patients who are cared for by specially trained health care workers in a home-like setting? - correct answers.special hospice center According to research, which of the following attitudes was commonly reported by the loved ones of a terminally ill patient who chose a home-based hospice program? - correct answers.it is a considerable burden characterizes what a child younger than five years of age would understand or believe about death - correct answers.that the death can be reversed, that the corpse can still feel or breathe
a child's understanding of the permanence of death correlates with which stage of Piaget's theory? - correct answers.beginning of concrete operations adolescent suicidal behavior - correct answers.used as temporary escape from problems. Think death is pleasurable experience what term explains a young adult's belief that she is too lucky to die, even though she knows death can happen to other people? - correct answers.unique invulnerability Who does research suggest would be most afraid to die? - correct answers.middle aged and older adults preoccupied with the past with regard to death, older adults are most likely to fear which of the following? - correct answers.the period of uncertainty before death Jann is in the early stages of an inoperable cancer. She has prepared a signed and witnessed written document directing her family not to allow any artificial or heroic steps be taken in the even that she is unable to make her wishes known at the appropriate time. What is this document called? - correct answers.advance directive What is thanatology? - correct answers.scientific study of death and dying When an individual rejects evidence about a diagnosis and/or insists that surgery was just precautionary, Greer and others suggest this is... - correct answers.denial Laura has breast cancer. She has kept a positive attitude and has been doing research to learn more bout her type of cancer. She readily tells her doctors that she is going to fight with everything she has to beat her cancer. Greer and other researchers would suggest Laura has which of the following? - correct answers.fighting spirit According to the research conducted by Greer, which of the following groups had the longest survival rates from a terminal illness? - correct answers.denial and fighting spirit While Bowlby suggests that the first stage of grief is numbness, Sanders suggests that it is which of the following? - correct answers.shock Following the loss of his life partner, Joel has decided to move to Florida and pursue a graduate degree. According to the dual-process model in which emotional state is Joel? It is believed that widowhood has both immediate and long-term effects on which of the following? - correct answers.restoration It is believed that widowhood has both immediate and long-term effects on which of the following? - correct answers.immune system
A self-absorbed, nongenerative adult who is not concerned with establishing and guiding a new generation will be at risk for which of the following? - correct answers.stagnation In classical conditioning, if the sour taste of lemon juice automatically causes your mouth to pucker, the lemon juice is the ______ and the pucker of lips and tongue is the _______. - correct answers.unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response If you are teaching a child to produce a reflexive response following a non-reflexive stimulus, which method of learning are you employing? - correct answers.classic conditioning Classical conditioning plays an important role in which of the following? - correct answers.stimulus-response connection, or reflex the understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quantity - correct answers.term conservation according Piaget During which of Piaget's stages does the child learn to manipulate ideas, concrete objects, or events, as well as to use abstract ideas and hypothetical situations in solving problems? - correct answers.formal operational Which theorist is known for the development of sociocultural theory? - correct answers.Lor Vygotsky Five year old Elena can tie her shoes, but she needs her mother's help to untie them. She also needs her mother's help to button her sweater. Vygotsky would suggest that this situation illustrates Elena's? - correct answers.zone of proximal development An adult adapts a process to a child's developmental level in order to assist the child in developing a new skill or ability. What would Vygotsky call this process? - correct answers.scaffolding " Social interactions are the most important contributors to a child's healthy development." Which of the following theories would most likely support this statement?
- correct answers.Vygotsky's sociocultural theory Where does fertilization of the ovum take place in a normal pregnancy? - correct answers.fallopian tube The nucleus of the typical human cell contains how many chromosomes? - correct answers. 23 pairs Chromosomes are composed of which of the following? - correct answers.strings of genetic material
What is the term used to describe cells that unite at conception? - correct answers.gametes What describes an individual's unique genetic blueprint, which is created from genes contributed by both parents? - correct answers.genotype Jane has red hair, which comes from a recessive gene. This must mean that Jane received the gene from.... - correct answers.her father What is a primary function of brain development in the first year of life? - correct answers.pruning and synaptogenesis At birth we lack the ability to perceive, think, or use language because which area of our brain is not well developed? - correct answers.the cortex, gray matter Each burst of synaptogenesis is followed by which of the following processes? - correct answers.pruning Animal studies have shown which of the following to be true? - correct answers.brain development follows the old dictum "use it or lose it" Brain development in the first year of life emphasizes... - correct answers.myelinization Sam lives in a family with five siblings. There is always a lot of activity and interaction between the children and parents. There are many brightly colored toys and things to play with. Suzanne's family can't afford many toys at all, and she has only old hand-me- downs to play with, most of which are broken. Which of the following best describes a likely difference in brain development between Sam and Suzanne? - correct answers.Sam has a more complex network of synapses What effect does watching television have on the developing brain? - correct answers.can cause reduced social interactions between infants and caregivers as well as ADHD. But watching high quality programs can enhance vocabulary and social skills What is the term that describes the organization of experiences into expectancies? - correct answers.schematic learning Permanent changes in behavior that result from experience are examples of... - correct answers.schemas When an infant cries, the caregiver responds by picking up the child, changing a diaper,or feeding. These actions by the caregiver serve as reinforcements, increasing the likelihood that the child will again communicate certain needs by crying. This demonstrates that even an infant learns through which type of conditioning? - correct answers.operant conditioning
What is another term for subjective self? - correct answers.existential self How does a child develop a subjective self? - correct answers.everyday interactions the baby has with the objects and people in his world that lead him to understand, during the first 2 to 3 months of life, that he can have effects on things the toddler's understanding that he or she is defined by membership in various categories, such as gender or personality characteristics - correct answers.objective (categorical) self Grasping the objective self requires which of the following? - correct answers.self awareness According to Erikson, a preschooler's development is centered on? - correct answers.autonomy vs. shame and doubt initiative vs. guilt a central theme that emerges from both Freud's and Erikson's view of development during the preschool period - correct answers.gain control of bodily functions and renegotiate their relationships with their parents to prepare for stepping out into the world of peers Children who are able to classify other people into groups such as "people who are nice" and "people who are mean" are demonstrating which of the following? - correct answers.person perception According to Li-Grining, how do children learn impulse control? - correct answers.through experiences like duck, duck, goose In early childhood, what characterizes the development of the emotional self? - correct answers.when babies learn to identify changes in emotion express in others' faces As the categorical self and the emotional self mature, what new component of self- concept is likely to develop? - correct answers.embarrassment, pride, shame What areas of the brain undergo major growth spurts during middle childhood? - correct answers.corpus callosum, reticular formation, hippocampus The attention span of the average fourth-grader is much longer than that of the average first grader. Which of the following biological changes is primarily responsible for this? - correct answers.myelinization and reticular formation You are a nurse who is asked to place an IV in a patient's non-dominant aren. What ability allows you to tell where the IV should be placed? - correct answers.handedness
Bicycle accidents account for about __ of all cases of traumatic brain injury? - correct answers.a quarter What poses the most significant health risks among school-aged children? - correct answers.excessive weight gain Public health officials believe that the current levels of obesity among children and adults in the United States can be attributed to which of the following?? - correct answers.genetic predisposition for obesity and environmental factors that promote overeating or low levels of activity an example of what Piaget termed concrete operations - correct answers.decentration, reversibility define inductive logic - correct answers.a type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences what is the crisis of middle childhood according to Erikson? - correct answers.industry vs. inferiority according to trait theorists, what is the nature of temperament in middle childhood? - correct answers.development of feelings and competence During middle childhood, a new component of the self is added to the categorical, social, and emotional selves. This new component includes things like personality traits. What is the term for this new component? - correct answers.the social self define self-efficacy - correct answers.belief in one's capacity to cause an intended event to occur or to perform a task which of the following refers to children's global self-evaluation, which includes factors such as how well they like themselves or how happy they are? - correct answers.self esteem Which of the following is a major influence in a child's self esteem? - correct answers.mental comparisons of children's ideal selves and their actual experiences Which group of hormones is responsible for the development of the sex organs? - correct answers.testosterone and estrogen (estradiol) Which hormone is responsible for normal brain development and overall rate of growth?
- correct answers.thyroxine Which hormone is responsible for changes at puberty, particularly the development of the secondary sex characteristics in girls? - correct answers.adrenal androgen
Which term is used to describe an individual's belief in her capacity to cause an intended event to occur, or to perform a task successfully? - correct answers.self- efficacy Locus of control is best defined by which of the following? - correct answers.a set of beliefs about the causes of events Marcus has a flat tire on the way to work. He curses and says, " This always happens to me!" Marcus has known for several months that he needs to buy new tires for his car. This is an example of which of the following? - correct answers.external locus of control People are most likely to be happy and healthy when which of the following circumstances exists in their lives? - correct answers.optimism Among which age group in the United States are STDs most common? - correct answers.15-24 year olds What condition is the result of another sexually transmitted disease and can prevent conception in women? - correct answers.pelvic inflammatory disease According to Erikson, what is the central crisis of early adulthood? - correct answers.intimacy vs. isolation What term describes the capacity to engage in a supportive, affectionate relationship without losing one's own sense of self? - correct answers.intimacy What term was used by Levinson to refer to the underlying pattern of an individual's life at a given time, including balances and conflicts among roles, relationships, and behavior patterns? - correct answers.life structure What term does Jeffery Arnett use to refer to the developmental period between 17 and 22 years of age? - correct answers.emerging adulthood What best describes neurological support for Arnett's theory? - correct answers.parts of the brain are still immature what component of evolutionary theory suggests that women and men have different mate selection priorities because they have unequal roles and responsibilities in producing and caring for children? - correct answers.parental investment theory John is looking for a wife. He wants a partner who has a similar background in matters like education and religious upbringings. Which of the following mate selection strategies is John using? - correct answers.assortative mating
What personality characteristic is identified by your text as a major contributor to dissatisfaction and instability in a marriage relationship? - correct answers.shyness, neuroticism, personality disorder What is related to higher levels of marriage satisfaction and stability? - correct answers.secure attachment to family of origin; emotional affection; conflict management What research has been done on attachment and marriage? - correct answers. When marital relationships have negative effects on physical health, what is the physiological mechanism at work? - correct answers.production and stress level hormone cortisol What is the best example of a validating marriage, as identified by psychologists? - correct answers.partners express mutual respect even in disagreements, are good listeners
