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Limits at Infinity: End Behavior and Horizontal Asymptotes, Slides of Pre-Calculus

The concept of limits at infinity, focusing on end behavior and horizontal asymptotes. It includes examples, definitions, and guidelines for determining the behavior of functions as x approaches positive or negative infinity. The document also covers the BETC, BOBO, and BOTU rules for evaluating limits.

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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LIMITSATINFINITY
Considerthe"endbehavior"ofafunction
onan
infinite
interval.
NOTATION:
Meansthatthelimitexists
and
thelimitisequalto
L.
Intheexampleabove,thevalueof
y
approaches3
as
x
increaseswithoutbound.Similarly,
f
(
x
)
approaches3as
x
decreaseswithoutbound.
pf3
pf4
pf5

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LIMITS AT INFINITY

Consider the "endbehavior" of a function on an (^) infinite interval.

NOTATION:

Means that the limit exists and

the limit is equal to L.

In the example above, the value of y approaches 3 as x increases without bound. Similarly, f ( x ) approaches 3 as x decreases without bound.

HORIZONTAL ASYMPTOTE...

The height that a function tries to, but cannot, reach as the function's x values get infinitely large or small. EX.#1: A function can have more than one horizontal asymptote.

Definition

The line y = b is a horizontal asymptote of the

graph of a function y = f ( x ) if either

Let's say we are trying to evaluate some function called r ( x ), which is defined as a fraction whose

numerator, n ( x ), and denominator d ( x )^ are^ simply

polynomials. Compare the degrees (highest exponents)

of n ( x ) and d ( x ).

r ( x )=

n ( x )

d ( x )

A picture for your head. The guidelines below (^) only apply to limits at infinity so (^) be careful.

If degree of numerator equals degree of

denominator, then limit is the ratio of

coefficients of the highest degree.

(BETC Bottom Equals Top Coefficient)

If degree of numerator is less than

degree of denominator, then limit is

zero. (BOBO Bigger On Bottom O)

If degree of numerator is greater than

degree of denominator, then limit does

not exist.

(BOTU Bigger On Top Undefined).

Other functions , then consider size of the

function:

logarithmic < polynomial < exponential

EX #3: Evaluate the following limits:

Summary:

Final Note: Be sure you see that the equal sign in the statement does not mean that the limit exists. On the contrary, it tells you how the limit fails to exist by denoting the unbounded behavior of f ( x ) as x approaches c.

  1. When the limit of a function at some x value is approaching (^) ±∞, then the function has a _____________________________ at that value.
  2. To find a horizontal asymptote you should find the limit of f ( x ) as ____________________________
  3. A horizontal asymptote occurs at y = 0 when the degree of the ________________________ is greater than the degree of the ______________________.

4. A limit does not exist when the degree of the

________________ is greater. Thus, no

horizontal asymptote.

  1. A horizontal asymptote occurs at the _________ of leading coefficients when the highest degreed terms are _____________.