Liquid Electricity: The Future of Energy Storage, Slides of Electrochemistry

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LIQUID ELECTRICITY

By

Dharani sree K, Preethi K,

EEE III Year,

Thiagarajar Polytechnic

College,

Salem – 636 005

TABLE OF CONTENT

S.N

o

Index

1 What is liquid electricity

2 What if flow battery

3 Construction

4 Working

5 Types

6 Redox flow battery

7 Organic flow battery

8 Membraneless flow battery

9 Hybrid flow battery

10 Other flow batteries

11 Cambridge crude

12 Advantages

13 Disadvantages

14 Effect on environment

WHAT IS FLOW BATTERY

• A flow battery , is a type of electrochemical

cells where chemical energy is provided by two chemical

components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through

the system on separate sides of a membrane.

• Ion transfer inside the cell (accompanied by flow of electric

current through an external circuit) occurs through the

membrane while both liquids circulate in their own respective

space.

• The energy capacity is a function of the electrolyte volume

and the power is a function of the surface area of

the electrodes.

• A flow battery may be used like a fuel cell (where the spent fuel

is extracted and new fuel is added to the system) or like

a rechargeable battery (where an electric power source drives

regeneration of the fuel).

CONSTRUCTION

Flow battery stores the energy as

electrolytes and not as electrodes.

The oppositely charged electrolytes are

made of electroactive solvents , which are

elements in a solution that can react with the

electrodes. These are stored outside in two

separate tanks instead of inside the core.

One tank stores the positive electrolyte

(catholyte) and the other one stores

the negative electrolyte (anolyte).

Both tanks are connected via separate pipes

and pumps with the core which itself consists

of (usual graphite) cathode and anode plates

and a membrane between them.

FLOW BATTERY: TYPES AND

TECHNOLOGIES

Reduction-

oxidation

(redox) flow

batteries

Membraneless fl

ow batteries

Organic flow

batteries

Hybrid flow

batteries

REDOX FLOW BATTERY

Construction:

As already explained, the energy is stored as positive

and negative electrolytes in separate tanks outside

of the core.

The electrodes of the core are separated by a

membrane and each electrolyte flows within

the positive and negative circuits respectively.

Working:

Works on the principle of oxidation and reduction.

The commercially most common redox flow battery type

is the Vanadium-redox battery which uses Acid

Sulfur with Vanadium salt as an electrolyte.

MEMBRANELESS FLOW

BATTERY

Construction:

Similar to redox batteries but sensitive and costly

membrane of redox flow cells are absent.

Working:

The electrolytes of membraneless flow cells are pumped

through positive and negative circuits and trigge

electrochemical reactions, however, there is no

membrane.

Membraneless flow cells build on the principle

of streamline (or: laminar) flow. This principle basically

refers to the parallel stream of two liquids without

mixing. This is achieved by maintaining a rather low flow

speed of the liquids.

HYBRID FLOW BATTERY

Construction:

Hybrid flow batteries, the electrolytes are stored in

external tanks and then during charge and discharge

pumped through the core.

One electrolyte is electroplated on the electrodes in the

cell core.

Working:

The redox reaction takes place at the electrodes, during

the charging process, the metallic zinc from the anolyte is

plated on the anode thus storing the energy there.

Hybrid flow cell types most prominently include Zinc-

Bromine and Zinc-Cerium.

Disadvantage:

Zinc-based technologies is built-up zinc residues at

the very costly membrane.

CAMBRIDGE CRUDE—THE LIQUID FUEL

IN A NEW BATTERY ARCHITECTURE

New recharging infrastructure that lets you pump

a liquid electric charge into your EV at the same

speed as a gasoline fill-up.

New battery design , the semisolid flow cell. In this

battery, electric energy is stored as a liquid.

When the energy in the liquid runs down , the battery

can be restored to a full charge by pumping out the

old liquid and then pumping in a new batch of fully

charged liquid (probably call Cambridge Crude).

Recharging of this liquid will take place at the

refueling station. It is also believed that energy

generated by solar cells, windmills , and other

facilities can be used to restore energy to the liquid.

The restored-to-full-electric-potential solution

will then be held in the refueling station ’s storage

tanks until it is exchanged with the liquid from

another vehicle.

ADVANTAGES OF FLOW

BATTERIES

The power capacity (depends on the size of

electrodes) and the energy capacity

(depends on the size of the external storage

tanks) of flow batteries are independent.

This allows the design to meet the specific

needs of applications.

The electrodes only collect current and

are not involved in chemical reactions ;

hence they are stable and durable.

Flow batteries have the ability to discharge

and recharge at the same time without

affecting the cycle life.

Flow batteries have long cycle life and low

maintenance.

LIQUID ELECTRICITY AND

RENEWABLE ENERGY

In the coming decades, renewable energy

sources such as solar and wind will increasingly

dominate the conventional power grid. Because

those sources only generate electricity when

it’s sunny or windy

Because there can be hours and even days with

no wind, some energy storage devices must be

able to store a large amount of electricity for a

long time.

A promising technology for performing that task

is the flow battery, an electrochemical device

that can store hundreds of megawatt-hours of

energy

CONCLUSION

“The driving range disappears as a

roadblock in pure EV future.”