Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

Louisiana Geography Test 2 – In-Depth Review & Study Guide for Exam Success 2025 | Louisia, Exams of Geography

Lourdes UniversityGeography

Louisiana Geography Test 2 – In-Depth Review & Study Guide for Exam Success 2025 | Louisiana State University (LSU)

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/13/2025

DrJulianPhD
DrJulianPhD 🇺🇸

3.8

(6)

842 documents

1 / 33

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Louisiana Geography Test 2 – In-Depth Review &
Study Guide for Exam Success 2025 | Louisiana State
University (LSU)
Sugar Plantations
• environmental needs of sugar
• - long growing season
• - ideally frost free
• South Louisiana
• - northern environmental limit
• lower Mississippi Valley
• - starts early 1700s
• South Louisiana
• - extreme spatial stability
• along Mississippi River and tributaries
Sugar = Domain of Larger Planter
• sugar required
• - large investment
• - technology and labor
Sugar: Core Area
• natural levees near New Orleans
• - highly fertile alluvial deposits and frost free temps
• - enough drainage to support cane growth
Sugar: Settlement Pattern
• Riverine Pattern
• - plantation homes
• - fields
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21

Partial preview of the text

Download Louisiana Geography Test 2 – In-Depth Review & Study Guide for Exam Success 2025 | Louisia and more Exams Geography in PDF only on Docsity!

Louisiana Geography Test 2 – In-Depth Review &

Study Guide for Exam Success 2025 | Louisiana State

University (LSU)

Sugar Plantations

  • environmental needs of sugar
    • long growing season
    • ideally frost free
  • South Louisiana
    • northern environmental limit
  • lower Mississippi Valley
    • starts early 1700s
  • South Louisiana
    • extreme spatial stability
  • along Mississippi River and tributaries Sugar = Domain of Larger Planter
  • sugar required
    • large investment
    • technology and labor Sugar: Core Area
  • natural levees near New Orleans
    • highly fertile alluvial deposits and frost free temps
    • enough drainage to support cane growth Sugar: Settlement Pattern
  • Riverine Pattern
    • plantation homes
    • fields
    • lined rivers
  • river = transport route Sugar: Big House
  • French and Creole owners
    • Creole style
  • Anglo landowners
    • Greek Revival style
  • porches on 1st and 2nd floor
  • windows = floor to ceiling
    • let in any breeze
  • St. Joseph Plantation, Vacherie, Louisiana Sugar Harshest Plantations for Slaves
  • 18 - 20 year old male slaves
    • 7 - 10 year life span in Caribbean
    • probably a little longer in Louisiana
  • dangerous
    • cutting cane
    • boiling syrup in large kettles
  • — burns from fires and stirring boiling cane syrup
  • injuries and death
    • overworked
    • underfed
    • mistreated
  • “sold down the river”
    • punish rebellious slaves
    • sold them down Mississippi River to Louisiana Cotton
    • barns
    • blacksmith shop
    • offices
  • Cotton Gin
    • clean and process cotton lint
    • cotton press
  • CENTRAL LOCATION
    • equal access to all of plantation
    • control
  • — easy to monitor
  • —- - slaves
  • —- - equipment and supplies
  • —- - livestock Plantations Increased in Size
  • grew over several decades
  • demand from Textile Factories
    • Industrial Revolution
  • grain to feed:
    • livestock and slaves
  • small gardens by slaves
    • sell surplus for a bit of money
  • — medicine Role of Cities in US
  • North and West
    • farmers and cities interacted
  • — sell food to cities
  • — provided markets, sold supplies

Role of Cities in the South

  • to serve plantations
    • access to shipping ports for export of cotton
  • plantations
    • mostly self sufficient (cities for ports)
  • only significant cities on periphery of South
  • Atlanta = less than 25,000 people Plantations Stifled Urban Development
  • plantations considered the ideal and goal
    • views as way to get rich
  • city living
    • not ideal
    • only served plantations Slave Trade
  • source areas of slaves to US and Caribbean
    • West Africa
  • from limited areas in Africa
  • to US
    • even more limited
    • almost exclusively West Africa
  • myth in US: most slaves came here Slavery
  • a HUGE part of US history
  • US Slavery
    • a very small part of the total History of Slaves Why Slaves?
  • ease of Land Ownership
  • many slaves directly from Africa
    • especially Alien to Whites
    • Most Slaves to US came from indirect through Caribbean
    • increased restrictions on Slave behavior
  • — legal Black Codes Slavery in Louisiana
  • 1712 = 10 African Slaves
    • mainly used European Indentured Servants
  • 1719 = 2 slave ships arrived from Africa
    • West Africa
    • numbers expanded greatly
  • one of few places that enslaved Native Americans Slave Population and Race Relations
  • by 1800
    • harshest Black Codes abolished
  • Whites
    • used to be more Blacks around Race Relations at 1800
  • Blacks learned “Etiquette of Deference”
  • most born into American Slavery
    • knew expectations
  • Whites learned “Habit of Command”
  • defined proper behavior towards slaves
  • why not treat Slaves extremely bad?
    • risked starting negative behaviors
  • — cost money Overseer
  • White
    • large plantations
  • managed and disciplined slaves
  • terrible job
  • Slave anger
    • toward Overseer
    • away from Owner
  • punished by owner for
    1. Not maximizing profits
    1. Pushing slaves to hard
    • led to Slave discontent
  • Slave contentment more important than Overseers feelings
  • Owners
    • ameliorate guilt of ownership Black “Drivers”
  • on very large plantations
    • under White Overseer
    • supervised a work gang
  • most pushed Slaves very hard:
    • protected own favored status
    • usually hated by other Slaves By 1725
  • more slaves born in south than imported Slave Family Groupings
  • usually from own families
    • children born into slavery = free Slaves
  • for Whites

Slavery on Small Farms

  • constantly in presence of masters
    • day and night
  • usually worked next to owner
  • work more varied
  • treatment more dependent on personalities
    • owner and slave
  • more likely to break up any family unit
  • lonely existence
  • few chances for
    • socializing with other Blacks
  • 20% of Slave Owners
    • only had 1 slave
  • — often domestic worker in cities and towns Slave Usually Not Pushed to Physical Limits
  • rarely physical exhaustion to death
    • Slaves were “investments”
    • believed own stereotypes about Black laziness
  • Slaves
    • passive resistance while working Passive Resistance
  • small resistance costs money
    • faking illness
    • minor sabotage
    • work slowdowns
  • acted as stereotypes to work less
    • for Slaves own advantage

Slaves Worked Harder than Expected

  • didn’t want
    • punishments
    • family until broken if plantation failed
  • success of plantation depended on their labor
  • least to gain from success
  • most to lose from failure
  • Slaves indirectly needed plantation to prosper Slaves in US South
  • extremely cruel and inhumane
  • other regions even worse Missouri Compromise
  • 1820
  • Slave and Free States had entered equally
  • Missouri = problem
    • debate over slavery in Louisiana Purchase
    1. Missouri enters as Slave State
    1. Maine as Free State
    • kept Senate balance
  • 3. Missouri’s SOUTHERN border
    • no slavery in future states north of Missouri’s southern border
  • in Louisiana Territory
  • Great Plains = viewed as a desert wasteland
  • Desert = nobody will EVER settle there
  • hence, no threat to Slave States
  • nobody is satisfied with Missouri Compromise Texas
    1. voided ban on Slavery in Louisiana Territory
    1. New State Vote: Slave or Free Late 1850s = Bloody Kansas
  • settlers pour in to vote on slavery
    • Free Staters (Jayhawkers)
  • — abolitionists
  • — backed by New Englanders
  • Pro Slavery
    • especially from Missouri
  • cross border raids by both groups
  • extreme violence in Kansas
  • Free Staters finally win Presidential Election 1860
  • Democrats controlled South
    • no major opposition
    • no moderating influences
    • candidates said they were the most pro slavery
  • Republicans won with Lincoln
  • Lincoln = 1st Republican President
    • refused to compromise on slavery
  • Southern States
    • no compromise on the expansion of Slavery
  • especially Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Kentucky = sell excess Slaves Regional Sectionalism of US at Start of Civil War
  • CSA (Confederate States of America), February 1861
    • Deep South 1st to secede In the North
  • majority felt secession was illegal
  • many thought “Good Riddance” Ft. Sumter
  • Charleston, South Carolina
  • South Carolina considered re-supply by Union as aggression
  • convinced Upper South states to secede
    • Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina Virginia
  • important for Confederacy
    • Gosport Navy Yard
    • Tredegar Iron Works
    • Robert E. Lee
    • needed for success of CSA Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland
  • Slave States
    • never left Union Maryland
  • essential for Union
    • if seceded
    • Washington DC surrounded by enemy territory
  • South Maryland and Eastern Shore
    • heavily secessionist
  • West Maryland
    • ties to West Pennsylvania and Midwest grain areas
  • Baltimore
    • commercial tied to Union ports but Anti-Union
  • Lincoln kept Maryland in Union
    • felt political discrimination
    • antagonism against Old South
  • Tennessee Seceded
    • but Eastern Tennessee Mountains remained pro-Union Western North Carolina Mountains: CSA
  • similar to Eastern Tennessee
    • culture, terrain, agriculture
  • economy and social contact to plantation owners:
    • sold agriculture products to North Carolina plantations
    • North Carolina plantation owners stayed in mountains Northwest Arkansas
  • migration from
    • Upper South
  • — most from East Tennessee
  • — similar lifestyle
    • little dependence on outside markets
  • — small farms
  • — very few slaves
  • dominated state to late 1840s
  • by late 1840s
    • planter with slaves
    • moved into East Arkansas
    • brought cotton economy to Arkansas
  • economy and political power shifted:
    • from Northwest Arkansas to East Arkansas
  • 1861
    • Arkansas seceded by slimmest of margins
  • Peace societies formed throughout Ozarks during Civil War Northeast Texas
  • Red River in northeast
    • Upper South immigrants
    • stronger unionist sentiment Area of Union Sentiment
  • Houston, San Antonio, Austin
  • German Hill Country
    • large migration from Germany
    • distinct culture region
    • politically liberal farmers Governor Sam Houston
  • refused oath of allegiance to CSA in 1861
  • Lincoln offered him troops
    • Governor Houston refused
  • wanted Texas independent from both US and CSA Many Large Plantation Owners
  • many through South opposed secession
  • most former whigs
    • saw secession leading to war
    • war bad for business
    • had a lot to lose Slavery: Primary Cause of Civil War 1861, NOBODY saw the horror coming Southern Geopolitical Thought
  • President Jefferson Davis of CSA:
    • high level war experience

Confederate Military Geography

  • strategy to win
  • defensive war:
    • peaceful war
    • not aggressor
    • Union blockade of ports
    • act of war
  • Cotton Sales:
    • fund Confederate military
    • high demand in Europe
  • Europe would back Confederacy (wrong)
  • AFTER the war started
    • could not publicly state war is about Slavery
  • Europe reluctant to support Confederacy
    • very anti-slavery
      1. illegal to support rebels
      1. declining importance of textiles in Britain
      1. more trade with Union than South
  • crop failures, Western Europe 1860- 62
    • dependent on corn and wheat from Union
    • King Corn beat King Cotton Union Geopolitics
  • 1861, after war began
    • can’t claim war is to fight slavery
  • Racism in Union
    • many opposed fighting other Americans over Blacks
  • But huge opposition to Secession
  • Lincoln and Union changed rhetoric for this
  • Union cant declare war on CSA
  • Secession illegal
    • still in US
    • can’t declare war against yourself
  • If US declared war vs CSA
    • acceptance of CSA independence
  • CSA were insurrectionists (rebels)
  • International Law
    • illegal to give aid to rebels in a foreign country
    • Britain and France still did for several years
  • — never official government policies
  • — Britain more than France Geography of Union Military Strategy
  • General Winfield Scott
  • Civil War dictated mostly by Union Strategy
    • US more offensive campaigns
    • most fighting in South
    • CSA mostly a defensive war
  • surround Confederacy
    1. hold border states
    1. control mouth of Mississippi River
    1. blockade Confederate ports Anaconda Plan
  • geographically isolate CSA
  • economically strangle CSA
  • surgical offensive attacks (wrong)