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A comprehensive overview of fundamental nursing concepts and practices, covering key definitions, ethical considerations, the nursing process, communication, documentation, legal aspects, and intravenous therapy. It includes multiple-choice questions with answers, offering valuable insights for lpn-rn bridge students preparing for their first exam.
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"The unique function of the nurse is to assist with the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or recovery ( or peaceful to death) that he would
Definition of Nursing for International Council of Nurses?" "nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
provide nurses?" "LPN's cannot -hang blood -chemotherapy treatments -IV push medications
"tells us how we have to act as a nurse ( accountable, competent, informed, judgment, advocate)
tells us..."
Life Care"
Indirect Care" "Economy- when the economy is good, promotion/prevention is easy, people go to the doctor, when it is bad people are really sick when they go Healthcare- nursing shortage, higher patient -staff ratio Collective bargaining- insurance, unions Women's Movement- single moms is nice to work part time as a nurse to stay at home with kids
Ethics"
Bioethics"
"observe and consider, awareness of total situation, look at values, cultural issues, interpersonal
"Purpose - obtain data and identify problems Subjective - information from patient
"NANDA- nursing diagnosis for nursing- contains problem and( etiology --> cause of problem)
Diagnosis"
Nursing Diagnosis ( Actual)"
( Health Problem)"
Nursing Diagnosis ( Collaborative Problems)" "PES format 1.) problem - s/s, NANDA 2.) Etiology- cause of problem
for diagnostic statement?" "formal- critical thinking, desired outcomes "planned" informal-discover something else as you are working on your formal plan
"Initial Planning- first contact with patient and assessment Ongoing Planning- make changes
What are the purpose of outcomes?" "S-pecic M-easurable A-ttainable R-ealistic
"Client Will verb- describe, feel , smell Performance criteria- how, what when, amount
Outcomes?"
Evaluation" "Ongoing- carrying out plan Intermittent - specified times
patients?"
"1.) Duty- care for patient 2.) Breech of duty- didn't do what you were suppose to 3.)Causation-injury or death related to breech of duty
"1.) Cognitive - understanding 2.) Affective- attitude or feeling
Domain of Learning ****" "-what -when -who was taught -how the topic was taught -was the client receptive
teaching need to include? ****" "maintain venous access, administer fluids or electrolyte replacement, deliver TPN, administer
dressing integrity?"
"** Distal to proximal/caution hands*
patient with a peripheral vein accessed, how do you pick a injection site?" "-inserted by an MD or surgen -tunnled ( goes through vein, longterm -nontunneled- right where it is inserted, can have for one month
-implanted ports- can stay in place for a year
do you confirm placement of a CVAD?"
infection?" "infection of site s/s - pain, redness, swelling, fever, increased WBC, foul smelling nursing interventions- stop infusion, D/C IV, monitor vitals, blood cultures order, ABX ordered,
"blockage of blood supply by air bubbles s/s- decreased BP, dizziness, itchy skin, chest pain, anxiety, dyspena, irregular heart rhythm, confusion nursing intervention- call for rapid response, trendelenburg on Left side*, administer
"right patient type of solution rate/infusion of administration
IV's?"
admitting provider has ordered 0.9% NSS to infuse at 250mL/hr for your patient admitted with dehydration. What should the RN do? -Hold the IV until provider does rounds to confirm order -Initiate the infusion of NSS 0.9% at 252mL/hr -Contact the provider to obtain clarification of the order -Infuse 1L of NSS0.9% at 250mL/hr -Start the infusion of NSS 0.9% at a lower rate of 125mL/hr and clarify with provider when they do morning rounds in an hour"
order to administer cefazolin IVPB. What must the RN do first prior to administering the cefazolin? -Prepare the correct dose of cefazolin in 100mL of normal saline -Check the compatibility of cefazolin with the infusion of D5 0.45% saline -Scan the patient's ID armband -Stop the infusion of D5 0.45% saline while the cefazolin infuses"
imbalance by moving water out of the cells and into the blood stream? Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic TPN (total parental nutrition)"
from"
"passive movement of water through a permeable membrane * need hydrostatic pressure*
Filtration"
"-secreted with sodium is low -causes kidneys to retain sodium -water follows salt
"-causes kidneys to reabsorb water to increase blood volume
"VS- decrease BP, tachycardia, confusion, headache, concentrated urine, weakness, fatigue, fever
- CORRECT ANSWER Dehydration Symptoms?"
Fluid Overload symptoms?"
electrolyte?"
"-3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Potassium? dietary?"
Hyperkalemia?"
Hypokalemia?" "135-145 mEq/L
for Sodium? dietary?" “observing, comparing, contrasting, and evaluating the clients condition. ( looking at condition -->
"reflective thinking process involving collecting and analyzing data, making sure it is accurate,
"regualtes nursing practice in each state, approves nursing education, defines nursing practices, establishes criteria for differences between LPN and RN, determines scope of practice and
"defines practice of professional nursing, approve nurse education programs, establishes criteria that allow a person to be a licensed as a RN or LPN, develop rules and regulations, enforce rules
"Personal -set values that you reflect on that hope lead to good life Professional- preform as you move forward in profession and set what you learn ( caring,
Professional Values" "put aside your own values, to provide nonjudgmental care ( help patient make best decision for
"-be aware of and sensitive to issues -assume responsibility for your own moral actions -function as a team member -support the patient and family member -support patients who are not being allowed to decide -use and participate in institutional ethics committees -advocate for your client
Ethical Obligations* NEED TO KNOW"
"reactions to disease, injury, other stressors, can be a problem or a strength, psychological,
Diagnosis ( Human Responses )"
Types of Nursing Diagnosis ( Medical Diagnosis)" "independent interventions - w/o an order dependent interventions- need an order Interdependent interventions- carried out w/ other health care team members ( PT, OT, Speech)
"Nursing interventions " The what" --> chocolate cake Rationale "The Why" --> like cake Nursing Order "The How" --> the recipe for the cake
"-client centered -goal directed, focused on problem solving
Communication" "to have a great deal of self -awareness and self- understanding ( check yourself before you go to
requires the nurse....."
a blood pressure of 78/32. He reports he hasn't eaten in 3 days. Which IV infusion can the RN anticipate being ordered initially? Total parental nutrition (TPN) Normal Saline Solution 0.45% Saline solution D5W 0.45% Saline Solution"
sulfate 2mg IVP every 2 hours. What is missing from this order? How fast to push the Morphine The volume of Morphine to be given Indication for the use of Morphine Site to administer the Morphine in ** think it through: all prn orders must indicate"
antibiotic therapy. What does the nurse need to consider prior to insertion of the IV/saline lock? -Start with more proximal site -Start with more distal site -Insert in site where client prefers -Use the client's dominant hand"
responsibility regarding the infusion of IV solutions? -Adjust the IV infusion flow rate depending on the patient's blood pressure -Discontinue the IV infusion once the patient is tolerating PO fluids -Maintain the prescribed intravenous flow rate -Change or discontinue the IV solution once the patient's serum osmolality has reaches 280mOm/kg"
site after the first dose of antibiotic has been infused. You note erythema, warmth, and swelling around the insertion site. What is likely complication? -Infiltration -Phlebitis -Air embolism -Circulatory overload" "9-10.5 mg/dL
"-increased thirst, increased urination, belly pain, nausea, bone pain, muscle weakness,