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lR3- 1 A$-3A-$,
Contributors
- Huadan Zhaxi .0=-w/-2N->A?, main editor, edited the dictionary
and did most of the translation work. .0=-w/-2N->A?-/A-lR3- 1 A$-0-
$4S-2R-!J, 5 B$-36S.-:.A-;R%?-2 1 A$?-/?-@-=3-.J:A-;A$-+<-;R%?-?-36.,
- Kevin Stuart wrote all the English sentences for the Tibetan-
English section and wrote English sentences for the English- Tibetan section. Kevin Stuart ;A?-2R.-.LA/-.%-.LA/-;A$-5/-0- $*A?-!:A-.LA/-;A$-$A-5B$-P2-i3?-29R?,
- Rinchen Dorji <A/-(J/-hR-eJ, checked the Tibetan sentences and the
translations and translated some of the sentences from English to
Tibetan. Gesang Norbu {=-29%-/R<- 2 , Dorji Zhaxi hR-eJ-2N->A?,
Rinchen Khar <A/-(J/-3#<, Gongbu Caireng 3$R/-0R-5K-<A%
checked the Tibetan sentences. <A/-(J/-hR-eJ?-2R.-;A$-$A-5B$-P2-.%-
;A$-+<-i3-$*A?-=-.$-2&R?-L?-0-.%-.LA/-;A$-/?-2R.-;A$-+-;A$-+<-
&%-9.-L?, {=-29%-/R<-2-.%-, hR-eJ-2N->A?, <A/-(J/-3#<, 3$R/-0R-
5 K-<A%-2&?-GA?-2R.-;A$-$A-5B$-P2-i3?-=-.$-2&R?-L?,
- Sandra Benson , wrote English sentences for the English-Tibetan
part. Sandra Benson ;A?-.LA/-2R.-5/-0:A-.LA/-;A$-$A-5B$-P2- i3?-29R?,
TÈN-Nq…P-n…-ˇÈ_,
Tibetan-English
@-B-R, beginning learner || The beginning learner of English is often
nervous. Nq…P-ˇN-.R%-2:A- @-B-R-i3?-î‡P-R_-]WT,
@-F, things, goods || How many things did you buy today? mÈN-l…c-N‰-…E-@-F-&A-43-IÈc, @-T, pillar || The wooden pillar is old and rotten. a…E-C…-@-T-N‰-ã…E-“-Oÿ-nŸ_, @-U‰N, have to || I have to visit my mother soon. Ec-:U=-.-e-U--]WUc-]x…-q‰N-.$R?, @-^‰, hello || Hello, students. @-^‰, ÜÈT-uÈCc-éU-R, @-, candy, sugar || This candy has a lot of sugar in it. @--]N…]Ã-PE--UE_-G-UE-TÈ-]x‰c, @U-U…-AÿU-U…, crumpled || He set the crumpled piece of red paper on fire. BÈc-@U-U…-AÿU-U…<-I<-2:A-aÈC-Dÿ-NU_-TÈ-N‰-U‰-MÈC--TZC @U-U‰-A‰U-U‰, to blink one’s eyes to show something unusual || His eyes blinked when I described unusual things. Ec-.R/-.$-H.-35<-&/-TaN-ˇTc, BÈ]Ã-U…C-@U-U‰-@‰U-U‰-qc, @… shout, yell || His shout was heard far away. BÈ]Ã-@…-îE-_…E-.-,R?-L%-, Aÿ-FÈ, shout, yell || Her yell brought her family running outside to see
touched the hot stove with her hand. T“-UÈ-G”E-G”E-N‰c-ôCc-MT-W-TÈ--_‰C-R-P-P-\“C-C…-NTE-C…c-=?-AÿU-AÿU-qc, @È-T, leather || My brother gave me this leather belt for my birthday. E]Ã-߇P-n…c-@È-T]Ã-ˇ‰-_Cc-]N…-E]Ã-´‰c-ˇ_-n…-‰Cc-´‰c-c“-q…P, ∂-^‰, hello, hi || Hello! I saw you yesterday but you didn’t see me. ∂-^‰, B-cE-Ec-mÈN-3,R%-L%-0-=?-mÈN-l…c-E-UMÈE-3-L%-, ÅN, above, on || Above the table there is a window. FÈC-VÂ]Ã-ÅN-P-°‰]“-B‘E-Z…C-^ÈN, ÅN-R, brain || Do you like to eat sheep brains? mÈN-“C-C…-ÅN-R-\-T_-e‰-NC], Ň, serpent deity || Do you know the name of the serpent deity in that painting? mÈN-l…c-ME-C]Ã-§‰E-C…-Ň-N‰]Ã-U…E-e‰-a‰c, ŇT, (TŇT, TŇTc, ŇTc,) to don, put on || He donned new clothing for the party. ≥È-WÍCc--]uÈ-T_-BÈc-CÈP-R-Cc_-T-TŇTc, ÅÈC (TÅC TÅCc, ÅÈCc,) to read || I have to read my book with a candle. Ec-y-WÀ--Tå‰P-Pc-NR‰-G-ÅÈC-NCÈc, ÅÈC-N‰T, textbook || How many textbooks did you buy this year? N-`È_-mÈN-l…c-ÅÈC-N‰T-&A-43-IÈ?, N@C to congeal, become rigid || The fat on top of the mutton soup has congealed. a-B‘]Ã-§‰E-C…-ZC-N@C-^ÈN, N@], hard, difficult || Walking up the steep mountain path was hard.
_…-C_-n…-áE-`U-]XÂC-N@],
N@]-]u‰, explanation of a difficult point or meaning || His explanation of difficult points is never very clear. BÈ-TÈ]Ã-N@]-]u‰-P…-PU-^E-Cc-TÈ-U…P, N@]-E, difficulty, hardship || He overcame many hardships to eventually become a successful businessman.
BÈE-C…c-N@]-E`-UE-TÈ-mN-Oÿ-TcN-UM_-WÍE-T-NÈP-]u⁄T-F…C-Lfi-nŸ_,
N@]-•‡C hardship || Little money and little food were hardships for the family. m…U-WE--UWÍP-P-°È_-UÈ-NE-\-U-K…-VU-=?-U‰N-R-P…-N@]-•‡C-^…P, N@]-c, hard work || Hard work will bring you success. N@]-c-rEc-P-mÈN-l…-NÈP-]u⁄T, N@-GC 1 index; 2 contents || 1 My book doesn’t have an index. E]Ã-NR‰-G-`- N@-GC-U‰N, 2 After I read the contents I wanted to read the entire magazine. N@-GC-TÅCc-ä‰c-%-=-Oÿc-N‰T-^ÈEcíÈCc-ÅÈC-î‡]Ã-]./-0-´‰c, N@-TÈ, white || The beautiful white snow covered the grassland.
^…N-Oÿ-]ÈE-T]Ã-B-T-N@-TÈc-»-ME-B‰Tc, N@-˛…c, astrology || I have been studying some books about astrology. Ec-N@-˛…c-ˇÈ-n…-NR‰-G-]C]--ÜÈT-ÆÈE-q‰N-TZ…P-^ÈN, N@_-^È, china cup || I broke my mother’s only china cup last week. C]-]BÈ-¢ÈP-U-Ec-e-U]Ã-N@_-^È`-CF…C-R—-TFCc, N@ÈP, rare, exotic || These days genuine tiger skins are rare. N-ˇTc-§C-RCc-
EÈ-U-d-FE-N@ÈP,
N@ÈP-UGÈC supreme deity || The religious ritual was dedicated to the supreme deity. GÈc-“Cc-l…-GÈ-C-P…-N@ÈP-UGÈC--UGÈN-R-^…P, N@ÈP-RÈ, rare and exotic things || In the marketplace near the temple, many rare and exotic things are for sale. NCÈP-R-NE-I‰-T]Ã-WÍE-<-P-NEÈc-RÈ-N@ÈP-RÈ-UE-TÈ-]WÍE-î‡-^ÈN, Nl…`, center, middle || Please move to the center of the room.
BE-T]Ã-Nl…--ßÈ-_ÈCc-UXÍN,
NlŸc-U, ordinary, common || I like ordinary food best. E--U-NlŸc-U--G‰c-NC]-TÈ-]OÿC Ns… (Ns… Ns…c, Ns…c,) 1 to wrap around; 2 to wind up || 1 She wrapped a wool scarf around her neck. BÈ-UÈc-2=-29R?-UCÈ-_c-a…C-<%-$A-ˇ‰--Ns…c, 2 Every morning he must wind up his clock. BÈc-*A/-<J:A-8R$?-0<-(-WÍN-]BÈ-È-Ns…- NCÈc, Ns⁄C (Ns⁄C Ns⁄Cc, Ns⁄Cc,) to shake, to stir || After you add tea to milk you have to stir it. mÈN-l…c-]È-U]Ã-PE--H-T¶P-ä‰c-E‰c-R-Oÿ-Ns⁄C-NCÈc, Ns⁄C-a…E-, instigation, incitement, provocation || What was the instigation for the recent social unrest? I‰-¢]Ã-≠…-WÍCc-l…-\E-\…E-N‰-Ns⁄C-nJ/-F…-Z…C-c-qŸE-, NsÈC-CKU, rumor, talk || There are many rumors about him, but I don’t believe most of them. BÈ]Ã-ˇÈ_-n…-NsÈC-CKU-UE-TÈ-^ÈN-lE-, E-UE-G‰-aÈc--^…N-U…-G‰c, NsÈ-T, to play a music instrument, to loosen || We want to play music instruments this evening in our classroom. N‰-NCÈE-E-WÍc-ÜÈT-BE-PE-.-_È-Gc-NsÈ-]NÈN, T@C-T´…, halting || The halting of the water by the new river dam is a good thing. (-<$?-$?<-2-.J?- G”-TÈ-T@C-T´…`-qc-R-N‰-/A-NÈP-T\E-Z…C-_‰N, T@C-]CÈC preventing, proscribing, stopping || Preventing the spread of the disease will not be very difficult. PN-;3?-T@C-]CÈC-q‰N-o-P…-@-&%-
use of her English with foreign tourists nearly every day. E]Ã-~…E-UÈ-P…-^“-ˇÈ_-U-R-Z…C-^…P-R?-BÈ-UÈc-1=-(J<-I…P-‰-p…-Ç…E-C…-^“-ˇÈ_-T-NE-UIU- Oÿ-<%-$A-Nq…P-^…C-T@È-TZ…P-^ÈN, T@È-≠ÈN, utilization, exploitation || The utilization of our country’s natural resources should be done carefully. E-WÍ]Ã-î-BT-l…-E-qŸE-MÈP-B‘Ec - .J-PR/-(%-|R?-T@È-≠ÈN-LJ.- .$R?, Ts to shine, to glimmer || The sun was shining but we still slept. I…-]ÈN-:UR?-GE-WÍ-}<-28A/-CI…N--^“, Ts-a…c, auspicious, fortunate || Rainbows are auspicious symbols. ]H]- WÍP-P…-Ts-a…c-R]Ã-åCc->A$-^…P, We will choose an auspicious time for our daughter’s wedding. E-WÍc-T“-UÈ]Ã-CI‰P-§ÈP--2N->A?-0:A-*A/-3R- 8 …C-CNU-î‡-^…P, TsC-UNEc, gloss, glitter, brilliance || The stars shone in the sky with unusual brilliance. /3-3#:A-ˇ_- 5 S$?-=-TsC-UNEc-i3-0<-:5K<, Ts‰c-õÈCc, hunger and thirst || Hunger and thirst were constant companions when I was a child. q…c-R:A-Oÿc-?, Ts‰c-õÈCc-P…-%:A-]{-MTc-U‰N- R]Ã-•ÈEc-uÈCc-^…P, á, irrigation ditch || Yesterday afternoon I saw a small fish in the irrigation ditch. B-?E-p…-xÈ-Ec-G”-á]Ã-PE-.-I- 3 R-Z…C-UMÈE-, áE-±ÈC fetter || The horse stepped out of its fetter. å-SÈ-áE-±ÈC-c-M_, áE-ä‰P, barefoot || In summer I like to go barefoot on the grassland. Nq_-B_, E-»-ME-§‰E-Oÿ-áE-䉉P--]uÈ-T-NC], áE-ä‰c, footprint || After it snows I like to make footprints where no one has walked. BEc-TTc-ä‰c- 3 A-CZP-Rc-CÈU-B-ßÈc- 3 J.-c_-E-E-áE-ä‰c-]HÈC-R-NC], áE-ME-, walking, on foot || We could take a taxi, but I prefer to go on foot. E-WÍ-TÈCc-CKÈE-ÖEc-]BÈ--T•N-GÈC-UÈN, ]ÈP-lE-E-_E-áE-ME--]uÈ-T-NC], áE-ME-T, walker, pedestrian || He was a great walker—even when he was eighty he liked to walk several kilometers everyday. BÈ-/A-áE-ME-T-E_-T- Z…C-^…P-0?-,-/-<%-=R-2o.-&<-aJ2?-G%-I…P-‰-áE-ME--≠…-‰-]C]-‰-]uÈ-T-NC], áE-UM…, sole (of foot) || I stepped on a nail and it penetrated the sole of my foot. E-]XÂ_-U-Z…C-C…-§‰E-CÈU-R-ßÈc-Rc-.J-E]Ã-áE-UM…--]XÂ_, áE-¶U, trousers || I like these brown trousers because they are made of wool and are very warm. áE-¶U-©‡C-RÈ-]N…-NC-o-T-=?-T\Èc-a…E-d-FE-xÈP-RÈ- ^…P-Rc-E-N‰-WÍ-`-NC], áE-T, 1 foot; 2 leg || 1 When the horse stepped on his right foot, he
screamed in agony. å-TÈ?-BÈ]Ã-áE-T-C^c-U]Ã-§‰E-Oÿ-Tí…c-R-P, BÈc-P-\“C-3-29R.- 0<-E“-ˇN-TKÈP, 2 Those basketball players have very long legs. r%-lJ.-ßÈ-È- ˛‰N-UBP-NC--áE-T-d-FE-…E-TÈ-^ÈN, áE-T-Z-TÈ, lame, paralyzed foot || After my uncle had a tractor accident his foot was paralyzed. E]Ã-e-B‘--C-´È-]BÈ-È]Ã-GC-°È-qŸE-ä‰c, BÈ]Ã-áE-T-Z-TÈ_-nŸ_, áE-NUC infantryman || My father was an infantryman in the last war. M‰Ec-}R/-U]Ã-]MT-]t‹C-OR.-E]Ã-e-S-P…-áE-NUC-F…C-^…P, áE-˛‰N-ßÈ-È, soccer, football || Soccer is not very popular in the United States, but it is very popular in China and the United Kingdom. áE-˛‰N-ßÈ-È-P…-e-U‰-_…-B-<-î‡Cc-U…-G‰-UÈN, ]ÈP-lE-s⁄E-CÈ-NE-Nq…P-H…-$*A?-?-d-FE-î‡Cc-G‰, b%-3 62 , toe || He cut off his right big toe when he was chopping wood in the forest. #R?-/$?-$?J2-+->A%-$&R.-{2?-b%-0-$;?-3:A-3,J2-2R%-$+2-L%-, áE-U, footpath || There is a footpath from our village to the small village over the mountain. E-WÍ]Ã-•‰-T-Pc-…-TÈ-N‰]Ã-îT-l…-•‰-G”E-T_-áE-U-Z…C-:,J/-^ÈN, áfl, (Táfl, Táflc, áflc,) to steal || If you want to steal money from a bank you should think about the punishment. mÈN-GAc-NE“-BE-Pc-°È-UÈ-áfl-]NÈN- 5 K, .J:C- *J?-GN--]NE-îC-]Èc, áfl-]zÈC looting, robbing || The bandits went everywhere, robbing the people. HC-R-CE-c_-cÈE-Pc-U…-éUc--áfl-]zÈC-q‰N, áflP-U, thief, robber || The thief stole my wife’s new gold watch last night as she came home from work on the bus. UNE-NCÈE-E]Ã-G”E-U-≠…-≠ÈN-ÖEc-]BÈ--T•N-N‰-c-!-Pc-m…U--ÈC-ˇTc, áflP-Uc-UÈ]Ã- Cc‰-n…-G”-WÈN-]BÈ-È-Cc_-T-.J-Táflc-cÈE-, áflT-§‰Cc, chair || My mother always sat in this red chair after a hard day’s work. I…P-CF…C-C…-c-WÂCc-(J/-0R:C-eJ?-?, E]Ã-e-U-î‡P-R_-áflT-§‰Cc-NU_-TÈ-N‰]Ã-§‰E-Oÿ- •ÈN, á‰N-R, waist || I got a pain in my waist after running three hundred meters. ©…c-c“U-Tî-`-î‡Cc-ä‰c-E]Ã-á‰N-R-P, áÈ, (TáÈ, TáÈc, áÈc,) 1 to dig; 2 to carve || 1 Tomorrow I will have to dig holes to plant apple trees. cE-I…P-Ec-B‘E-T“-TáÈc-Pc-Aÿ-b÷]Ã-•ÈE-TÈ-]X“Cc-NCÈc, 2 He
carves human figures out of wood. #R?->A%-%R?-?-3A:A-$ 9 $?-2f/-2bR?,
áÈ-]NÈP, 1 digging; 2 mining || 1 Digging for caterpillar fungus is something
while you were sleeping.
UNE-NCÈE-mÈN-I-^ÈN-ˇTc, WÂ-_…E-C…c-mÈN-l…-BE-T]Ã-PE--ñÈC-õ-q‰N-TZ…P-R-Ec-3,R%-qŸE-,
ñÈC-WÍE-, black marketing || He made a lot of money by black marketing gold. BÈc-Cc‰_-n…-ñÈC-WÍE-TîT-Pc-#J-%R$?-(J/-0R-ÉEc, ˇ-_Cc, sash || I have had this red sash for three years.
Ec-ˇ-Cc-NU-TÈ-]N…-2!R=-/?- `È-Cc“U-:$R<,
ˇN, 1 sound; 2 language || 1 The sound of singing filled the room. LJ-ˇN-BE-
T]Ã-PE-Oÿ-B‰Ec, 2 Learning a new language well takes hundreds of hours
of study. ˇN-…Cc-Cc-T-Z…C-^C-RÈ-ÜÈT-0<-(-WÍN-Tî-zC-Oÿ-U-NCÈc, ˇN-uCc, fame, repute || His fame is such that it reaches every corner of the country. BÈ:A-ˇN-uCc-î-/%-;R%?-?-mT, ˇN-uCcFP, famous, well-known || Who is the most famous of Tibetan historical figures? TÈN-l…-È-î‡c-§‰E-G‰c-ˇN-uCc-G‰-T]Ã-U…-$-c“-^…P, ˇN-]CC to become hoarse || After giving several speeches in a few hours he became hoarse. BÈc-(-WÈN-]C]-`-CKU-TaN-CPE-ä‰c-ˇN-]CC ˇN-¨„-T, interpreter, translator || If you learn English very well, perhaps
you can be a Tibetan-English translator. C-K‰-Nq…P-^…C--ÜÈT-ÆÈE-T\E-TÈ-qc-
5 K, mÈN-E-TÈN-Nq…P-ˇN-¨„-T-Z…C-Lfi-]nŸ_-P-t…Cc-t…Cc-U‰N,
ˇN-F…C a moment || I will be ready in a moment. Ec-ˇN-F…C-VU-n…-PE-Oÿ-u-±…C-q‰N-W_-E‰c, {.-&R<, noise || Don’t make so much noise. {.-&R<-N‰-]x-(J/-0R-U-îC ˇN-G, language || Other than Tibetan, what languages do you know? mÈN-l…c-TÈN-ˇN-c-ˇN-<A$?-CZP-F…-Z…C- 5 - a‰c, ˇN-CI…c-μ-T, bilingual || He is bilingual in Tibetan and Chinese. BÈ-P…-o-2R.- ˇN-CI…c-μ-T- 8 A$-_‰N, ˇN-CNEc, tone (of voice) || I don’t like my teacher to talk to us in a scolding tone. NC‰-àP-n…c-E-WÍ_-NUÈN-UÈ]Ã-ˇN-CNEc-l…c-TaN-0<-E-U…-NC], ˇN-2h-_…C-R, linguistics || Linguistics is the study of language. ˇN-2h-_…C-R-P…-ˇN-_…Cc-Z…T-]H“C--T§P-R-^…P, ˇTc, time, occasion, when || I can come to your home at a time that is convenient for you. mÈN--§Tc-TN‰-^…P-R]Ã-ˇTc-a…C--E-mÈN-l…-^“--]ÈE-GÈC ˇTc-]C_, sometimes || Sometimes I feel sad when I think about my old parents living alone. S-U-àP-àÈP-CI…c-CF…C-R“-]WÍ-TZ…P-R-TcU-Oÿc, E-`-ˇTc-]C-´È-¶E-´‰,
ˇTc-ä‰c-U, next time || The next time we have dinner I’ll pay. ˇTc-ä‰c-U_- E-WÍc--U--Oÿc-Ec-9?-<A/-§‰, ˇTc-MÈC at the time, current || Short skirts are a current fashion. ©N-C^ÈCc-M—E-E“-P…-ˇTc-MÈC-C…-N-~È`-Z…C-^…P, ˇTc-NÈP, current events || He reads several newspapers every day and, consequently, he knows a lot about current events. I…P-‰-WCc-R_-]C]-‰-ÅÈC-TZ…P-^ÈN-Rc-BÈc-ˇTc-NÈP-UE-TÈ-a‰c, ˇTc-c“, when, at the time of || At the time of my grandfather’s childhood, most Amdo Tibetans were nomads. E]Ã-ßÈ-TÈ-q…c-R-Z…C-^…P-R]Ã-ˇTc-c“, e-UNÈ]Ã-TÈN-<A$?-UE-G‰-aÈc-P…-]{ÈC-R-^…P, ˇU-RÈ, 1 skinny, thin; 2 dry || 1 That fat man in his fifties was a very skinny child. =R-s-2&<-aJ2?-0:A-U…-WÍP-RÈ-N‰-/A-¢ÈP-GN-q…c-R->-ˇU-RÈ-&/-Z…C-^…P, 2 Deserts have dry weather. q‰-ME-.-CPU-Ca…c-ˇU->?-(J, ˇU-c, dry land || That dry land is unsuitable for cultivation. ˇU-c-N‰-=- êÈ-]N‰Tc-LJ.-3A-“E-, ˇU-c-G‰P-RÈ, continent || Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, Europe, and Antarctica are seven continents. e-q–-…-B-NE-e- a‰-^, e-U‰-…-B-qE-U, e-U‰-…-B-üÈ-U, eÈ-c…-t‹-…-^, ^È-_ÈT-NE-üÈ-¶‰-Ç…E-TFc-P…-Ç…E-G‰P-TOÿP-RÈ -^…P, ˇUc-a beef || Yesterday afternoon, my mother said to me, “Go to the market and buy one kilogram of beef.”
B-?E-p…-xÈ, e-Uc-E--“tÈU--cÈE-Pc-ˇUc-a-≠…-î-CF…C-IÈc-aÈC” \‰,
ˇ-uEc, score || My exam score was eighty-eight. E]Ã-î‡Cc-ˇ-P…-2o.-&- n-TîN-^…P, ˇ-G, second (time) || How many seconds did it take you to run one hundred meters? mÈN-©…c-Tî-MU-R<-î‡Cc-0<-ˇ-G-&A- 43 -NCÈc, ˇ-UN], shooting star, meteor || Last night very late, I saw many shooting stars. 35/-$%-;R=-2:A-ˇTc-c“-Ec-ˇ-UN]-UE-TÈ-3,R%-L%-, ˇ-U, star || Last night at about eleven o’clock, I saw a very bright and large star. UNE-NCÈE-S-G‰_-(-WÈN-TF—-CF…C-^c-Uc-?, Ec-ˇ_-G‰P-Z…C-UMÈE-, ˇ, portion || Since I’m not very hungry I will give you the larger portion of food. E-N‰-]x-U…-õÈCc-Rc, \c-ˇ-G‰P-RÈ-N‰-Ec-mÈN--§‰, ˇ-T-;$-0R, proper opportunity, good chance || Success requires ambition and the proper opportunity. NÈP-]u⁄T-R_-ˇ-T-=J$?->A%-:./-0-S$-0R-w/-
from the injection. (/-BT-2o2-0:A-P-\“C-c-E]Ã-“c-RÈ-Tˇ‡Uc, ˇ‡, (Tˇ‡, Tˇ‡, ˇ‡,) 1 to mail; 2 to send || I want to mail these letters to my friends by December tenth. ^-2&-$*A?-0:A-5K?-2&:A-}R/-.-%?-:UA/-;A$-:.A- .$-<%-$A-PR$?-0R-i3?-=-2{<-/-:.R., 2 I will send my sons to your home
tomorrow to help you with your farmwork. ?%-*A/-%?-<%-$A- 2 -i3?- HR.-
5%-$A-8A%-=?-<R$?-LJ.-0<-3%$?-0<- L,
ˇ‡-]N‰Tc, slander, defame || The slander that was circulated about him did not seem to make him worried. BÈ]Ã-ˇÈ-n…-ˇ‡-]N‰Tc-UG‰N-R-N‰c-BÈ--c‰Uc-B‘_-T´-U‰N-R-¶E-, ˇ‡, (Tˇ‡, Tˇ‡, ˇ‡,) to persuade, to encourage || I will try to persuade him to stop drinking and smoking. Ec-BÈ--GE-NE-M-UC-CFÈN-î‡_-ˇ‡-î‡-^…P, ˇ‡-]N‰‰N, inspiration, incentive || What inspiration can you provide to your employees so that they will work harder? <%-$A-Ç-T-éUc--c-T˛ÈP- É-üC-Lfi-q‰N-0<-:)$-G‰N-mÈN-l…c-ˇ‡-]N‰N-F…-Z…C-CKÈE-î‡-^…P, ˇ‡-Tç, summons, call || I couldn’t hear her quiet call. Ec-BÈ-UÈ]Ã-ˇ‡-Tç-NU]-UÈ-N‰-CÈ-U-M—T, ˇ‡-U, encouragement, inspiration, exhorting || Her hard work is an inspiration to us all. BÈ-UÈc-@<-2lR/-q‰N-R-N‰-/AE-WÍ-WE-U_- 35 S/-/-ˇ‡-U-,J%?->A$- ^…P, Your encouragement helped me succeed. mÈN-l…c-{=-3-2+%-2-=?- E--î-B-MÈT, ˇ‰ neck || After being in the sun all day my neck became sunburned. I…P-CE-TÈ-I…-U]Ã-PE-T•N-ä‰c, E]Ã-ˇ‰-I…-Uc-]WÀCc, ˇ‰-Ns…c, scarf || My mother likes to wear red scarves when she goes outside in the winter. NDÿP-B-E]Ã-e-U-°È--]uÈ-Oÿc-ˇ‰-Ns…c-NU_-TÈ-Ns…-T_-NC], I bought this new red scarf for my older sister. Ec-e-F‰--{J-.NA?-NU_-TÈ- Cc_-T-]N…-IÈc, ˇ‰-îP, necklace || When her necklace broke, pearls rolled all over the floor. BÈ-UÈ]Ã-ˇ‰-îP-GN-Oÿc, U—-K…C-WE-U-ME-`-MÈ, ˇ‰N-R, waist || My waist now, at the age of fifty, is much bigger than when I was eighteen. =R-s-2&<-=R/-0:A-.-{2?-GA-%:A-{J.-0-/A-<%-=R-2&R-2o.- ;A/-0:A-{2?-.%-2#<-5K-)J-&R3-=-(J/-0R-?R%-;R., ˇ‰U, (TˇU, TˇUc, ˇÈUc,) 1 to dry; 2 to wilt || 1 I want to dry this yogurt in the sun today. N‰-…E-Ec--ZÈ-]N…-I…-U<-TˇU-]NÈN, 2 The barley plants wilted because of the drought. MP-R]Ã-§Tc-l…c-Pc-TˇUc,
ˇÈ, (TˇÈ, TˇÈc, ˇÈc,) to appoint, to select || We will have to appoint a new leader for the college. E-WÍc-ÜÈT-Ç…E--]CÈ-t…N-Cc_-T-Z…C-TˇÈ-NCÈc-î‡-_‰N, ˇÈE-, (TˇE-, TˇEc, ˇÈEc,) 1 to add; 2 to convene; 3 to be content || 1 I want to add three names to the guest list. Ec-UuÈP-RÈ]Ã-U…E-MÈ]Ã-P?-?-U…E-Cc“U-TˇE- ]NÈN, 2 We will have to convene the meeting three days later. E-WÍc-I…P- Cc“U-IA-ä‰c-?-WÍCc-]Oÿ-N‰-TˇE-NCÈc, 3 I guess we will have to be content with this price for our barley this year. Ec-TcU-WÍN--N-È_-E-WÍ]Ã-Pc-l…-_…P-CÈE- ]N…c-E-WÍ]Ã-]NÈN-R-TˇÈE-M—T-NCÈc, ˇÈP, (TˇÈP, TˇÈP, ˇÈP,) 1 to dress (someone), to put clothes (on someone); 2 to put around || 1 You will need to dress the baby in her warm clothes because it’s very cold outside. p…-_È-.-PU-Ñ-d-FE-]mC-Rc, mÈN-l…c-T“-UÈ-- ¡-T-xÈP-RÈ-TˇÈP-NCÈc, 2 She put a quilt around her ice-cream cart so that her ice-cream would stay frozen longer. BÈ-UÈc-_E-C…-]È-≥…-N_-cÈT-^“P-_…E-N_--]GCc-R_-]È-≥…-N_-cÈT-l…-UM]--I-M—-Z…C-ˇÈP, ˇÈU, to be thirsty || I was so thirsty that I drank three cups of cold water. E-ˇÈU-xCc-0?-G”-N@_-^È-Cc“U-]M—Ec, ˇÈ, (TˇÈ, TˇÈ, ˇÈ,) 1 to surround; 2 to rotate; 3 to turn round; 4 about || 1 We will surround him and each of us will offer him three small cups of liquor as a special tribute. E-WÍc-BÈ--TˇÈ_-Pc-U…-_‰-_‰c-BÈ--GE-SÈ-G”E-G”E-Cc“U- <J-]T“-î‡-^…P, 2 I rotate my prayer wheel every morning. *A/-<J:A-8R$?-0<- %?-U-P…-]BÈ_-È-ˇÈ, 3 The man on horseback turned the horse round and rode away. å:A-:1R%-C…-´‰c-R-N‰c-å:A-B-È- 2 *R$?-eJ?-1<-=-T[÷N, 4 I didn’t hear anything about you. Ec-mÈN-ˇÈ_-IA-$/?- 5 =-&A-;%-,R?-3-L%-, ˇÈ_-]x…, interrogation || Although the interrogation lasted three days he did not reveal the name of his friends. ˇÈ_-]x…- 2 !.-3<-I…P-Cc“U--qc-“E-, BÈc-<%-$A-uÈCc-RÈ-WÍ]…-U…E-^E-U-TaN, ˇÈ-Pc, from a certain point of view, regarding this || From a certain point of view, it may seem reasonable to do evil things. õ-T-]C]-‰]Ã-ˇÈ-Pc-TaN-P, ≠ÈN-EP-c-R-P…-“Cc-UM—P-^…P-lE-~…N, ˇÈ-Z…T, inspection, survey || The inspection of the county’s poorest families suggested the problem of poverty was not as bad as previously thought. íÈE-C…-m…U-WE-G‰c-NT“-TÈ--ˇÈ-Z…T-qc-R-c-OT“-SÈEc-l…- CPN-NÈP-P…-N‰E-MÈC-TcU-R-28A/-N‰-]x:A-IU-E-T-Z…C-U…P-R- 2 !/, ˇÈ_-`ÈC odd, eccentric, reverse || Odd behavior makes me uncomfortable.
´…P-R, payment for things lost, compensation || What is the amount of compensation that you will be paid? mÈN--´…P-R-C-WÍN-]H-NCÈc, ´…, (T´…, T´…, ´…,) to dam up (water), to let water puddle || If you want to irrigate the fields, you will have to dam up the ditch. C-K‰-mÈN-l…c-Z…E--G”-CKÈE- 5 K, á-PE-Oÿ-G”-T´…-NCÈc, ´…-s⁄E-, sitting cross-legged || After sitting cross-legged for half an hour my legs ached. (-WÍN-CF…C-NE-p‰N-VU--´…-s⁄E-Oÿ-T•N-ä‰c-E]…-áE-R-P-qŸE-, ´„C (T´„C T´„Cc, ´„Cc,) to vomit, to puke || I drank too much and had to vomit. Ec-GE-]M—Ec-xCc-Rc-´„C-NCÈc-qŸE-, ´„C-{È-T, disgusting, awful || The spoiled food made a disgusting meal. -U-“-T-N‰c-\c-M—P-´„C-{È-T-Z…C-+-2+<, ´„C-ÈC nausea, disgust || His terrible behavior filled me with disgust. BÈ:A- q-≠ÈN-EP-Rc-E-´„C-ÈC-Lfi-TF“C ´„E-, (T´„E-, T´„Ec, ´„Ec,) to reduce, to diminish || I don’t want to reduce my weight. Ec-<%-$A-ö…N-WN-´„E-P-U…-]NÈN, ´„_, (T´„_, T´„_, ´„_,) to give up, to stop to do || I’m going to give up smoking next month. Ñ-eJ?-3<-Ec-M-UC-]M‰P-353?-$&R.-î‡-^…P, ´„_-UÈ, sour, acidic || Vinegar is sour. ´„_-_È-P…-´„_-UÈ-^…P, ´‰, (´‰, ´‰c,) to grow || After the warm summer rain the young wheat plants rapidly began to grow. Nq_-n…-G_-G”-xÈP-RÈ-TTc-ä‰c, PR:A-Ø„C-CZÈP-UnÈCc-UÈc-´‰-]CÈ-T˛Uc, ´‰-NDÿ, living creature, sentient being || We should all feel compassion for all sentient beings. E-WÍc-*J-:PR-,3?-&.--qE-c‰Uc-]XÀP-NCÈc, ´‰-NEÈc, 1 plant; 2 organic matter || 1 How many plant names do you know? mÈN-l…c-´‰-NEÈc-l…-U…E-F…-VU-a‰c, 2 Glass is not organic matter. a‰-°È-P…-´‰-NEÈc- U…P, ´‰-NEÈc-_…C-R, biology || Biology is the study of life. ´‰-NEÈc-_…C-R-P…-W‰-~ÈC-C…-Z…T-]H“C--CÈ, ´‰-§ÈTc, developing strength || Developing strength after a rain is something that plants do. G-ä‰c-?-˛…-a…E-,3?-&.-´‰-§ÈTc-îc-R-^…P, ´‰-úP, organic, living || Organic fertilizer contains no harmful chemicals. ´‰-úP-“N-íc--íc-CPÈN-R-FP-U…-]x‰c, ´‰-CPc, place of birth, native home || My place of birth is London, England. E]Ã-´‰-CPc-P…-Nq…P-H…]Ã-ÈP-LfiP-^…P,
´‰-T-¢ÈP-U, former incarnation || It is said that our village’s mountain god’s former incarnation was a Qing Dynasty general. E-WÍ]Ã-•‰-T]Ã-CZ…-TNC-C…-´‰-T-¢ÈP-U-P…-G…P-î-_Tc-l…-NUC-NRÈP-Z…C-^…P-\‰_, ´‰-T-]N…, this life || In this life I will do as much good for other people as I can. ´‰-T-]N…-, Ec-F…-M—T-l…c-U…-éUc--NC‰-T-T±„T-î‡-^…P, ´‰-T-p…-U, next incarnation || What will my next incarnation be? E]Ã-´‰-T-p…-U-P…-F…-Z…C-^…P-~…N-NU, ´‰-TÈ, human being || Human beings are capable of both good and evil. ´‰-TÈ-MUc-FN--NC‰-•…C-CI…c-@]Ã-E-Ca…c-w/, ´‰-TÈ-NU-R, righteous person || Being a righteous person is not always an easy task. ´‰-TÈ-NU-R-Z…C-q-î‡-P…-PU-^E-c-Ü-UÈ-Z…C-U…P, ´‰-TÈ-S-T, common folk || The common folk have a precious collection of oral literature. ´‰-TÈ-S-T--NUEc-tÈN-˛ÈU-…C-C…-MÈc-î-˛-G‰P-^ÈN, ´‰-U‰N, inorganic || A rock is a good example of an inorganic substance. {C-çÈ-P…-´‰-U‰N-NEÈc-RÈ]Ã-NR‰-T\E-TÈ-Z…C-^…P, ´‰N, (T´‰N, T´‰N, ´‰N,) 1 to widen; 2 to expand || 1 Being a university student will do much to widen your mind. ÜÈT-≈-G‰P-UÈ]Ã-ÜÈT-U-Z…C-^…P-V-P-a‰c-î-(J<- 2 ´‰N-NCÈc, 2 Metal expands when it is heated. ôCc-E_-P-T´‰N, ´‰N-@ interest, dividend || If I deposit one thousand RMB in the bank for three years I will earn three hundred RMB in interest. C-K‰-Ec-°È_-UÈ-§ÈE-Cc“U-NE—-BE-Oÿ-È-Cc“U--TFÈ-P, ´‰N-@-°È_-UÈ-c“U-Tî-ÈP-M—T, ´‰N-UÈc-W, garden, park || The old man has retired from his job and now spends most of his free time in the park with his pet birds. àN-RÈ-N‰c-c-]m‹-qc-^ÈN-0?-.-v-BÈU-R-UE-G‰-T-<%-$A-q-]NE-FP-NE-UIU-Oÿ-´‰N-UÈc- W-Oÿ-TN]-TZ…P-^ÈN, ´‰N-WN, 1 interest rate; 2 growth rate || 1 What is the interest rate for ten year deposits at you bank? mÈN-WÍ]Ã-NE“-BE-.-È-TF“]Ã-OE“-CcÈC-C…-´‰N-WN-P…-C-WÍN- ^…P, 2 The growth rate of the company’s income did not increase last year. AÿE-\…]Ã-^ÈE-]TT-l…-´‰N-WN--P-P…E-È-CÈE-]S‰-U-qŸE-, ´‰N-~…E-, bringing up, rearing, upbringing || Rearing children is a serious responsibility. q…c-R-´‰N-~…E-q‰N-o-P…-c-]CP-N@]-UÈ-Z…C-_‰N, ´‰P-RÈ, sensitive || She is sensitive to strong odors. BÈ-UÈ-x…-U-xC-RÈ--WÍ_-T-´‰P-RÈ-;R., ´‰, (T´, T´, ´‰`,) 1 to deliver; 2 to escort || 1 When is the shop going to
]uÈ, 2 The accident made the front of the car crooked. GCc-°È-c-ÖEc- ]BÈ_-n…-UOÿP-pÈCc-T´ÈCc, ´ÈCc, ladle || That ladle is made of wood. ´ÈCc-]N…-a…E-c-T\Èc, ´ÈE-, (T´E-, T´Ec, ´ÈEc,) to take care of, to rear || My parents were not often at home so my grandparents actually reared me. 1-3-$A?-!-o/- 0<-;=-/-3J.-0?-%R-kR-$A?-!?-%-2*%?-0-;A/, ´ÈN, (T´ÈN, T´ÈN, ´ÈN,) 1 to sway; 2 to go || 1 The wind made the trees sway.
Ö‡E-C…c-•ÈE-TÈ-T´ÈN, 2 Please excuse me, I have to go to the toilet. NCÈEc-NC-[÷-
_ÈCc, E-≠ÈN-BE-Oÿ-T´ÈN-NCÈc,
´ÈP, (T´ÈP, T´ÈP, ´ÈP,) 1 to ride; 2 wrong, false, mistake || 1 I want to ride on your new horse. E-mÈN-l…-ZÈP-R-Cc_-T--T´ÈP-P-]NÈN, 2 I made a mistake when I did my homework. Ec-c-q-]{…-ˇTc-/R<-´ÈP-Z…C- 29 R?, ´ÈP-]C‰, to frame someone || He was framed by several of his enemies and wrongly accused of a crime. BÈ--Nu-TÈ-]Cc-´ÈP-]C‰-qc-Rc-NÈP-U‰N-Oÿ-PC-I‰c-\“C ´ÈP-FP, faulty, defective || The electrical wiring in this apartment building is defective, therefore, the electricity often goes off. •ÈN-aC-BE-T˛‰Cc-]N…]Ã-ÇÈC-=3-=-*R/-L%-:.$-0?, ÇÈC-î‡P-R_-GN-]uÈ, ´ÈP-G, fault, defect || This new washing machine has a serious defect— the tub won’t hold water. ¡-T-]t‹-q‰N-l…-]z⁄-Gc-Cc_-T-N‰-`-G”-]X_-T]Ã-´ÈP-G-WTc-G‰P-Z…C-^ÈN, ´ÈP-TäÈN, criticism || I accepted his criticism of my behavior and tried
earnestly to correct my mistakes. BÈc-E]Ã-≠ÈN-R--´ÈP-TäÈN-CPE-T-Ec-NE-‰P-qc-
Pc-PP-KP-n…c-PÈ-]G”C-^È-T~E-q‰N-R-]TN-R-^…P,
´ÈP-]NÈCc, slander, vilification, malignment || The slander that is told about him is told by people that are jealous of his ability and power. BÈ]Ã-ˇÈ-n…-´ÈP-]NÈCc-P…-BÈ]Ã-]HÈP-ME-NE-NTE-ME--zC-NÈC-]XÀP-UBP-n…-B-Pc-TçÈ-T-^…P, ´ÈP-^ÈP, advantage and disadvantage || For every situation there will be advantages and disadvantages. CPc-W”-F…-Z…C-^…P-_“E-´ÈP-^ÈP-CI…c-@-úP, ´ÈT, (T´T, T´Tc, ´ÈTc,) to protect, to rescue || If you saw a man drowning, would you try to rescue him? C-K‰-U…-Z…C-G”-PE-Oÿ-q…E-T-3,R%- 5 K, mÈN-l…c-BÈ-´ÈT-MTc-q‰N-~…N-NU, ´È, (T´, T´, ´È_,) to repeat, to remember (by heart) || I must repeat new English words several times before I can remember them.
Nq…P-^…C-C…-M-£N-Cc_-T-^…N--CaCc-_‰C-T_-Oÿ-Ec-M‰Ec-UE- 0 R<-´È_-NCÈc, ∞, hair || Do you think men should wear their hair long or short? mÈN-l…c-´‰c-R-éUc-l…c-∞-_…E-TÈ]U-^E-P-M—E-E“-CE-]HÈC-]Èc-R_-£U, ∞-]m…, curly hair || My father has curly hair and I and my brothers and sisters also have curly hair. e-S]Ã-∞-]m…-^ÈN--E-NE-E]Ã-߇P-^, ~…E-UÈ-TFc-l…-∞-^E-]m…-^ÈN, ∞-UBP, barber || Many of Xining’s barbers are women. \…-…E-C…-∞-UBP-UE-TÈ-P…-´‰c-U-‰N, ∞-TZ, to cut hair || My hair is getting long so I will ask my mother to cut it. E]Ã-∞-H‰-…E-Oÿ-]uÈ-TZ…P-^ÈN-Rc, Ec-e-U--∞-TZ_-Oÿ-]H“C-î‡-^…P, ∞C to be scared, to be frightened || When I was a child I was scared of the dark. q…c-R:A-Oÿc-?, E-U—P-PC--∞C Do you fear thunder? mÈN-]{⁄C-±-- 0 $-$3, Children are often afraid of the dark. q…c-R-î‡P-R_-U—P-PC-- 0 $ ∞C-¶E-, fear || His fear of death is very great. BÈc-]G…-T--∞C-¶E-G‰P-RÈ-]XÀP, ∞Ec, to swell up || A few minutes after he fell off the horse, his ankle began to swell up. å]Ã-TE-Pc-ü‚E-!J-ˇ_-U-]C]-]CÈ_-ä‰c, BÈ]Ã-~‰-ÈE-∞Ec, ∞P-PN, cancer || Smoking causes cancer. M-UC-]M‰P-0-=?-∞P-PN-:L%-, ∞„P, (T∞„P, T∞„P, ∞„P,) to make, to construct || The city will construct the new leather factory on the outskirts of the city. PR%-HJ<-IA?-.J:A-*J-!R<-.-!R- (?-29R- 9 -8A$-2 0 /-o-<J., ∞ÈN, (T∞N, T∞N, ∞ÈN,) to drive out, to exorcise || Every year in winter our village holds a ritual to exorcise evil from the village. È-_‰]Ã-NDÿP-B_, E-WÍ]Ã-•‰-Tc-GÈc-“Cc-l…-GÈ-C-Z…C-߉-Pc-CNÈP-]x‰-•‰-T-Pc-UM_--∞ÈN, Táflc-PÈ, loot, plunder || Though he was convicted for his crimes he managed to keep much of his loot. BÈ-`-I‰c-GN-TFN-“E-, BÈc-Táflc-PÈ-CE-UE-TNC-Lfi-]XÀP-MTc-qc, TáÈc-U, 1 sculptured; 2 engraved || 1 The sculptured deity images in our
village temple are famous for their beauty. E-WÍ]Ã-•‰-T]Ã-ü-BE-PE-C…-ü-ˇ‡-TáÈc-U-N‰-
U…C-`-UXÂc-Rc-U…E-uCc-G‰, 2 The engraved inscription was written in very old
Tibetan. çÈ-_…E-^…-C‰-TáÈc-U-N‰-P…-CP]-Oÿc-TÈN-^…C-Lfi-{…c-^ÈN, Tˇ-T, bitter taste || The old cucumber left a bitter taste in my mouth but I was so hungry I ate it anyway.
dÈE-∂-ã…E-T]Ã-È-Tˇ-T-N‰-E]Ã-B-PE--]m…-“E-, E-_E-õÈCc-xCc-Rc-N‰-\Èc,
Tˇ`-T, era, time || In what era did that king live?
