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altruistic suicide - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔where ties to the group or community are considered more important than individual identity anomic suicide - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔occurs when the structure of society is weakened or disrupted and people feel hopelesss and disillusioned fatalistic suicide - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔occurs when people see no possible way to improve their oppressive circumstances comparitive method - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔compares existing official statistics and historical records across groups to test a theory about some social phenomenon egotistic suicide - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔occurs in settings where the individual is emphasized over group or community connections individualistic explanation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔tendency to attribute people's achievements and failures to their personal qualities
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macrolevel - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔way of examining human life that focuses on the broad social forces and structural features of society that exist above the level of individual people microlevel - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔way of examining human life that focuses on the immediate, everyday experiences of individuals sociological imagination - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ability to see the impact of social forces on our private lives sociology - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔systematic study of human societies achieved status - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔social position earned ascribed status - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔social status given at birth coalition - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔subgroup of a triad, formed when two of the members unite against the third
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latent functions - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔unintended, unrecognized consequences of activities that help some part of the social system manifest function - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔intended, obvious consequences of activities that help some part of the social system norm - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔culturally defined standard or rule of conduct organization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔large, complex network of positions created for a specific purpose and characterized by a hierarchial division of labor normative organization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔people voluntarily join for personal satisfaction coercive organization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔people are forced to join utilitarian organization - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔people voluntarily join for a material reward
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out-group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the groups we don't have a sense of loyalty to, and we feel a certain amount of antagonism towards primary group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔collection of individuals who are together for a relatively long period, whose members have direct contact with and feel emotional attachment to one another role - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔set of expectations associated with a particular status role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔when the demands of one role interfere with the demands of another role strain - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔lack of resources to fulfill the demands of a particular role secondary group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔relatively impersonal collection of individuals that is established to perform a specific task
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triad - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔group consisting of three people value - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔standard of judgement by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes analysis of existing data - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔unobtrusive research that relies on data gathered earlier by someone else for some other purpose content analysis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔form of unobtrusive research that studies the content of recorded messages, such as books, speeches, poems, songs, television shows, websites and advertisements dependent variable - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the effect independent variable - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the cause quantitative data - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔use numbers measure data qualitative data - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔use words to analyze results
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surveys - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔gather facts to determine the relationship among facts experiments - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔study the impact of variables on subjects' attitudes or behaviors participant observation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔researchers participate in the situation they seek to observe a group's behavior from within the group historical analysis - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔form of social research that relies on existing historical documents as a source of data incorrigible proposition - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔unquestioned cultural belief that cannot be proved wrong no matter what happens to dispute it indicator - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔measurable event, characteristic, or behavior commonly thought to reflect a particular concept
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self-fulfilling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔assumption or prediction that in itself causes the expected event to occur, thus seeming to confirm the prophecy's accuracy social construction of reality - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔members of a society discover, make known, reaffirm and alter a collective version of facts, knowledge and "truth" spurious relationship - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔a false association between two variables that is actually due to the effect of some third variable theory - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔set of statements that seek to explain/predict a particular aspect of social life unobtrusive research - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the researcher, without direct contact with the participants, examines the evidence of social behavior that people create or leave behind variable - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔any characteristic, attitude, behavior or event that can take on two or more values or attributes
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visual sociology - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔uses photographs, video recordings and film either as a means of gathering data or as sources of data about social life cultural relativism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔principle that people's beliefs and activities should be interpreted in terms of their own culture ethnocentrism - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔tendency to judge other cultures using one's own as a standard folkway - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔informal norm that is mildly punished when violated heteronormative culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔heterosexuality is accepted as the normal, taken-for-granted mode of sexual expression institutionalized norm - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔pattern of behavior within existing social institutions that is widely accepted in a society intersexuals - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔individuals in whom sexual differentiation is either incomplete or ambiguous (also known as people with disorders of sexual development)
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subculture - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔values, behaviors and artifacts of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture transgender - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔state in which one's gender expression or identity doesn't conform to his/her birth sex transsexuals - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔people who identify with a different sex and sometimes undergo hormone treatment and surgery to change their sex socializtion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental and social skills needed for a survival in society nature/nurture debate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔human being as product of heredity and socialization, cases of social isolation/importance of socialization self concept - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves
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Harry Harlow stated that - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔caregiver's nurturing is essential Charles Cooley - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Looking-Glass Self Looking-Glass Self - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔person's sense of self is derived from the perception of others we are influenced by our perception of what we think others think of us we imagine how we look to others, and other's judgement of us George Herbert Mead - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Role Taking Role Taking Stages - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔Preparatory Stage Play Stage Game Stage
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identity - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔essential aspect of who we are, consisting of our sense of self, gender, race, ethnicity and religion tracking - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔group of students into different curricular programs, or tracks, based on an assessment of their academic abilities total institution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔place where individuals are cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period and where together they lead an enclosed, formally administered life account - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔statement designed to explain unanticipated, embarrassing or unacceptable behavior after the behavior has occured aligning action - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔action taken to restore an identity that has been damaged back stage - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔area of social interaction away from the view of an audience, where people can rehearse and rehash their behavior
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person doesn't play a specific role, because there's no audience cooling out - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔gently persuading someone who has lost face to accept a less desirable but still reasonable alternative identity disclaimer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔assertion designed to forestall any complaints or negative reactions to a behavior or statement that is about to occur dramaturgy - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔study of social interaction as theater, in which people ("actors") project images ("play roles") in front of others ("the audience") front stage - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔area of social interaction where people perform and work to maintain appropriate impressions person plays a specific role in front of an audience impression formtion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔the process by which we define others based on:
