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An in-depth exploration of the lymphatic system, covering its definition, functions, components, and various parts such as lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymph, lymphocytes, lymphoid nodules, and organs like the spleen and thymus. Learn about the role of the lymphatic system in maintaining normal fluid balance, producing and distributing immune cells, and providing an alternate route for the transport of nutrients, wastes, and hormones.
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TERM 2
DEFINITION 2
TERM 3
DEFINITION 3
TERM 4
DEFINITION 4
TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 -tissue fluid formation: -originates from blood plasma - made of water & dissolved materials - leaves blood due to diffusion & filtration - lacks protiens & has a lower O2 concentratation - about 27L/day enters interstitial space -lymph fluid: -90% of interstitial fluid reabsorbed -enters lymph capillaries & becomes lymph-
lymphatics-> venous system
-closed ended tubes, form complex networks: parallel to blood capillaries -single layer of squamous epithelium, with incomplete basal lamina -cells overlap, fenestrated -differ from blood capillaries -larger diameter, thinner wall, flat & irregular -anchoring filaments to keep the passage open, overlapping endothelial cells - formation of lymph: -cells in wall of lymph capillaries overlap: function as 1-way valve -moves through fenestrations; larger things (viruses) don't follow TERM 7
DEFINITION 7
TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 -lymphatic trunks: drain larger regions of the body, named for the region they drain (ex. Subclavian, lumbar, intestinal, jugular) -collecting ducts: deliver lymph to venous circulation (becomes part of plasma) -thoracic duct: drains lower body, left arm, left side of head & neck -arises in abdomen from cisterna chyli->diaphragm->ascends in front of vertebral column->empties in left subclavian vein -right lymphatic duct: drains right side of head, neck & right arm; -arises in right thorax->right subclavian vein -lymph joins blood & becomes part of the plasma before blood returns to the right atrium TERM 9
DEFINITION 9
TERM 10
DEFINITION 10
-clustered along large veins, bean shaped, 2.5 centimeters in size -hilum: indented region where BV's & nerves connect, efferent lymph vessels enter; covered with capsule of fibrous CT -within the capsule nodules (structural unit of node): -separated by trabeculae; outer cortex: mainly B-Cells; inner cortex (mainly T-Cells); medulla (B-Cells leave via efferent vessel) -sinuses: spaces within the node where lymph circulates -cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic, abdominal, thoracic -purifies lymph via T-Cells, B-Cells, & macrophages, initiate immune response, helps defend against harmful substances TERM 17
DEFINITION 17
TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 -in mediastinum; 1st lymph organ to develop -grows into puberty; shrinks with age; replaces by fibrous tissue -develops from 2 glands -septa divides lobes into lobules -lobules -cortex: immature T-Cells (90%), reticular epithelial cells (10%) -medulla: immature T- Cells(10%), reticular epithelial cells (90%), produces the hormone thymosin (causes T-Cells to mature) -T-Cells production: pro lymphocyte->cortex: produces T-Cells->medulla matures-
postcapillary venules->lymphoid tissues/organs TERM 19
DEFINITION 19