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Lymphatic System: Anatomy and Function from Capillaries to Organs, Quizzes of Physiology

An in-depth exploration of the lymphatic system, covering its definition, functions, components, and various parts such as lymph capillaries, lymph vessels, lymph, lymphocytes, lymphoid nodules, and organs like the spleen and thymus. Learn about the role of the lymphatic system in maintaining normal fluid balance, producing and distributing immune cells, and providing an alternate route for the transport of nutrients, wastes, and hormones.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/04/2010

maggyduffy180
maggyduffy180 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Overview of Lymphatic System
DEFINITION 1
- a net work of vessels -aid in circulation of body fluids -
closely associated with cardiovascular system, runs side by
side with capillaries - include lymph vessels, lymph tissues,
lymph organs
TERM 2
Lymphatic System function
DEFINITION 2
-defense mechanism; produces, maintains, distributes
lymphocytes -maintains normal blood & interstitial fluid
volume -transports extra fluid away from cells, puts it back
into blood stream -provides an alternate route for the
transport of materials, nutrients, & wastes -provides an
alternate route for hormones
TERM 3
Lymphatic Vessels
DEFINITION 3
-a network of vessels -transport fluid called lymph -range in
size; small lymphatic capillaries, medium lymphatic vessels,
large lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts - always associated
with blood vessels - in most tissues, absent in avascular
tissues & CNS
TERM 4
Lymph
DEFINITION 4
- fluid CT - only found in lymphatic vessels - derived from:
interstitial fluid, lymphocytes, macrophages
TERM 5
Origin of lymph
DEFINITION 5
-tissue fluid formation: -originates from blo od plasma - made of
water & dissolved materials - leav es blood due to diffusion &
filtration - lacks protiens & has a lower O 2 concentratation - about
27L/day enters interstitial space -lym ph fluid: -90% of interstitial
fluid reabsorbed -enters lymph capillaries & becomes lymph-
>lymphatics-> venous system
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Overview of Lymphatic System

  • a net work of vessels -aid in circulation of body fluids -

closely associated with cardiovascular system, runs side by

side with capillaries - include lymph vessels, lymph tissues,

lymph organs

TERM 2

Lymphatic System function

DEFINITION 2

-defense mechanism; produces, maintains, distributes

lymphocytes -maintains normal blood & interstitial fluid

volume -transports extra fluid away from cells, puts it back

into blood stream -provides an alternate route for the

transport of materials, nutrients, & wastes -provides an

alternate route for hormones

TERM 3

Lymphatic Vessels

DEFINITION 3

-a network of vessels -transport fluid called lymph -range in

size; small lymphatic capillaries, medium lymphatic vessels,

large lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts - always associated

with blood vessels - in most tissues, absent in avascular

tissues & CNS

TERM 4

Lymph

DEFINITION 4

  • fluid CT - only found in lymphatic vessels - derived from:

interstitial fluid, lymphocytes, macrophages

TERM 5

Origin of lymph

DEFINITION 5 -tissue fluid formation: -originates from blood plasma - made of water & dissolved materials - leaves blood due to diffusion & filtration - lacks protiens & has a lower O2 concentratation - about 27L/day enters interstitial space -lymph fluid: -90% of interstitial fluid reabsorbed -enters lymph capillaries & becomes lymph-

lymphatics-> venous system

lymph capillaries

-closed ended tubes, form complex networks: parallel to blood capillaries -single layer of squamous epithelium, with incomplete basal lamina -cells overlap, fenestrated -differ from blood capillaries -larger diameter, thinner wall, flat & irregular -anchoring filaments to keep the passage open, overlapping endothelial cells - formation of lymph: -cells in wall of lymph capillaries overlap: function as 1-way valve -moves through fenestrations; larger things (viruses) don't follow TERM 7

Lymphatic Vessels

DEFINITION 7

-formed by merging of lymph capillaries - wall similar to

veins; has all the tunicas -larger vessels lead to lymph nodes

-> merge to larger vessels or trunks -travel side by side with

arteries or veins of the same size

TERM 8

Lymphatic Trunks & Collecting

Ducts

DEFINITION 8 -lymphatic trunks: drain larger regions of the body, named for the region they drain (ex. Subclavian, lumbar, intestinal, jugular) -collecting ducts: deliver lymph to venous circulation (becomes part of plasma) -thoracic duct: drains lower body, left arm, left side of head & neck -arises in abdomen from cisterna chyli->diaphragm->ascends in front of vertebral column->empties in left subclavian vein -right lymphatic duct: drains right side of head, neck & right arm; -arises in right thorax->right subclavian vein -lymph joins blood & becomes part of the plasma before blood returns to the right atrium TERM 9

Movement of lymph

DEFINITION 9

-unidirectional -contain valves to prevent back flow -pressure

is lower in veins -lymph is moved using similar methods to

veins (skeletal & breath) -muscle contraction -pressure

gradients -valves -may cause edema is drainage does not

occur

TERM 10

Lymphocytes

DEFINITION 10

-main cells of lymphoid system -immune response to foreign

antigen's - originates in the blood stream->peripheral

tissues->lymph (for hours of years)->returns to bloodstream

lymph node

-clustered along large veins, bean shaped, 2.5 centimeters in size -hilum: indented region where BV's & nerves connect, efferent lymph vessels enter; covered with capsule of fibrous CT -within the capsule nodules (structural unit of node): -separated by trabeculae; outer cortex: mainly B-Cells; inner cortex (mainly T-Cells); medulla (B-Cells leave via efferent vessel) -sinuses: spaces within the node where lymph circulates -cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic, abdominal, thoracic -purifies lymph via T-Cells, B-Cells, & macrophages, initiate immune response, helps defend against harmful substances TERM 17

Spleen

DEFINITION 17

-found on the left side of the stomach, is the largest

lymphatic organ -capsule -white pulp: resembles lymph node

-red pulp: large amount of RBC, has sinuses filled with

macrophages, T & B-Cells -removes old blood cells,

stores/recycles iron, initiates immune responses, blood

reservoir, assists in red blood cells production

TERM 18

Thymus

DEFINITION 18 -in mediastinum; 1st lymph organ to develop -grows into puberty; shrinks with age; replaces by fibrous tissue -develops from 2 glands -septa divides lobes into lobules -lobules -cortex: immature T-Cells (90%), reticular epithelial cells (10%) -medulla: immature T- Cells(10%), reticular epithelial cells (90%), produces the hormone thymosin (causes T-Cells to mature) -T-Cells production: pro lymphocyte->cortex: produces T-Cells->medulla matures-

postcapillary venules->lymphoid tissues/organs TERM 19

Blood-Thymus Barrier

DEFINITION 19

-Prevents antigen;s from stimulating undifferentiated T-Cells

protecting them until they are mature