m phase of the cell cycle | Study Guides, Projects, Research Cell Biology

DIRECTIONS: You will completethe guided notes using the Video found on BLEND. You also have access to the Google Slides and PDF version of the lesson. You can print

these notes and hand write on them, you can create a copy of this document and type intoit, or you can hand write your own notes in a notebook. Make sure to keep

your notes organized in a physical folder or in a folder on your google drive. You will want to be able to access them quickly for assignments!It is highly suggested to

highlight or mark your vocabulary terms as you go through a lesson and fill in your notes.

3.8 M-Phase Guided Notes Name: Date: 1/13/21

Recall: The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

●Two main phases:

○1. Interphase: phases of growth and DNA replication

○Interphase consists of 3 parts: G1, S, & G2 Phases

○This is also the longest stage of the cell cycle.

■G1: 1st Cell Growth Phase

●Cells do most of their growing during this phase. Cells increase in size and synthesize

new proteins and organelles.

■S: Synthesis Phase (DNA Replication)

●New DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated

●At the end of this stage, the cell contains twice as much DNA as it did as it did at the

beginning.

■G2: 2nd Cell Growth Phase

●Once DNA replication is completed, the cell enters the G2 phase. Many of the organelles

and molecules required for cell division are produced.

○2. M (Mitotic) Phase: division phases

■Mitosis – nuclear division

■Cytokinesis – cell division

M-Phase: (NOTE: You can add notes in addition to the definition of each of the stages here. It it suggested to also draw

and/or copy an image of each of the phases)

●The M-phase consists of 2 parts: mitosis and cytokinesis

●Mitosis: part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

○Consists of four stages: “PMAT”

○Prophase: first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses

and the chromosomes become visible.

■The duplicated strands of the DNA molecule can be seen and are attached along their length at

the centromere

■Recall: Each DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome is called a chromatid, or sister chromatid

■The cell starts to build a spindle, a fanlike system of microtubules that help separate the

duplicated chromosomes

■Spindle fibers extend from a region called the centrosome, where tiny paired structures called

centrioles are located

●Plant cells lack centrioles, and organize spindles directly from their centrosome regions

■As prophase ends, the chromosomes coil more tightly, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear

envelope breaks down

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DIRECTIONS: You will complete the guided notes using the Video found on BLEND. You also have access to the Google Slides and PDF version of the lesson. You can print these notes and hand write on them, you can create a copy of this document and type into it, or you can hand write your own notes in a notebook. Make sure to keep your notes organized in a physical folder or in a folder on your google drive. You will want to be able to access them quickly for assignments! It is highly suggested to highlight or mark your vocabulary terms as you go through a lesson and fill in your notes. 3.8 M-Phase Guided Notes Name: Date: 1/13/ Recall: The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle ● Two main phases: ○ 1. Interphase: phases of growth and DNA replication ○ Interphase consists of 3 parts: G1, S, & G2 Phases ○ This is also the longest stage of the cell cycle. ■ G1: 1st Cell Growth Phase ● Cells do most of their growing during this phase. Cells increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles. ■ S: Synthesis Phase (DNA Replication) ● New DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated ● At the end of this stage, the cell contains twice as much DNA as it did as it did at the beginning. ■ G2: 2nd Cell Growth Phase ● Once DNA replication is completed, the cell enters the G2 phase. Many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced. ○ 2. M (Mitotic) Phase: division phases ■ Mitosis – nuclear division ■ Cytokinesis – cell division M-Phase: (NOTE: You can add notes in addition to the definition of each of the stages here. It it suggested to also draw and/or copy an image of each of the phases) ● The M-phase consists of 2 parts: mitosis and cytokinesis ● Mitosis: part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides ○ Consists of four stages: “PMAT” ○ Prophase: first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible. ■ The duplicated strands of the DNA molecule can be seen and are attached along their length at the centromere ■ Recall: Each DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome is called a chromatid, or sister chromatid ■ The cell starts to build a spindle, a fanlike system of microtubules that help separate the duplicated chromosomes ■ Spindle fibers extend from a region called the centrosome, where tiny paired structures called centrioles are located ● Plant cells lack centrioles, and organize spindles directly from their centrosome regions ■ As prophase ends, the chromosomes coil more tightly, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down

○ Metaphase: phase of the mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell ■ Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle ■ Think “Meta = Middle” ○ Anaphase: phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to the opposite ends of the cell ■ Anaphase begins when sister chromatids separate and begin to move apart ■ Once anaphase begins, each sister chromatid is now considered an individual chromosome ■ Anaphase has ended when the chromosomes are completely separated into two groups. ■ Think “Ana = Apart”

Exit Ticket

Write out the stages of Mitosis in order Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
The division of the cell nucleus is called ____? Mitosis
The division of the cell cytoplasm is called _____? Cytokinesis
During which phase of the cell cycle is cell DNA replicated? S Phase (Synthesis Phase)
What is the difference between animal and plant cells during cytokinesis? Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, pinching the cell membrane of the parent cell in two while in plant cells, a cell plate is formed in the middle of the cell, where the new cell wall will be. Animal cells don’t have cell walls so that is why they have a cleavage furrow.

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