Download Biomolecules Concept Map: Exploring the Building Blocks of Life and more Slides Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Biomolecules Concept Map
Using the terms provided below, complete the concept map showing the characteristics of
organic compounds
Carbohydrates DNA Enzymes
Fats Lipids Monosaccharides
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Phospholipids
Polysaccharides Proteins RNA
Chapter 6
The “Big 4”
Macromolecules
Color the molecule of carbon.
The Building Blocks of Life
MAIN Idea: Organisms are made up of _______________________
molecules.
Life on earth is considered __________________________________.
Macromolecules are ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
Polymers are ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
Biological macromolecules are organized into four categories:
Table 1. Biological Macromolecules (p.167)
Group Functions Example
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Biomolecules Vocabulary
Word Definition
Biomolecule
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Polysaccharide
Polymer
Dehydration
Synthesis
Amino Acid
Peptide Bond
Fatty Acid
Carbohydrates
(p.168)
Label, then color the molecule of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). Color code the
amino acid (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, and oxygen-red).
Carbohydrates are used by the body for energy and structural
support in cell walls of plants and exoskeletons of insects and
crustaceans. Composed of ___________________________________
in a ____________________ ratio.
The monosaccharide ____________________ plays a central role as
an energy source.
Monosaccharaides (simple sugars) can be linked to form ________
___________________________ and ___________________________.
In plants, a carbohydrate called ______________________ provides
structural support for ______________________.
Draw the diagram for the disaccharide, sucrose, in the space
below:
Proteins
(p.1 70 )
A protein is made of _______________________________________.
Amino acids are composed of ________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
There are ________________ different variable groups.
After an amino acid chain is formed, __________________________
__________________________________________________________.
Proteins make-up ___________ percent of your total body mass.
Proteins are made of subunits called amino acids and are used to
build cells and do much of the work inside organisms. They also
act as enzymes helping to control metabolic reactions in
organisms. Amino acids contain two functional groups, the
carboxyl group (-COOH) and the amino group (-NH 2 ). Use your
textbook to circle the amino and carboxyl groups on the diagram.
Color code the amino acid (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow,
nitrogen-blue, and oxygen-red).
H
N
H
C C
R-Group
O
H
H
Nucleic Acids
(p.1 71 )
Nucleic acids are___________________________________________.
Nucleic acids are made up of small repetitive units composed of
__________________________________________________________,
called ___________________________.
There are two types of nucleic acid _________ and _________.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains all the instructions for
making every protein needed by a living thing, carrying the
genetic information in the nucleus of a cell. RNA copies and
transfers this genetic information so that proteins can be made.
Color and label the parts of a nucleotide: sugar-green,
phosphate group-yellow, and nitrogen base-blue.
A nucleotide with three phosphate groups is called ___________
_____________________ or ATP. ATP used for cellular energy is a
high energy nucleotide with three phosphate groups. Color code
the ATP and label the phosphates.
Lipids
(p.169)
Lipids are large, nonpolar (won't dissolve in water) molecules.
Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Lipids also serve as
waxy coverings (cuticle) on plants, pigments (chlorophyll), and
steroids. Lipids are molecules made mostly of _________________
__________________________________________________________.
Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms.
They include ______________________________________________.
The primary function of a lipid is ____________________________.
One characteristic of a triglyceride is _________________________.
One characteristic of an oil is ________________________________.
Describe the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated
fat.
Phospholipids are responsible for ____________________________
__________________________________________________________.
Hydrophobic means _______________________________________.
Hydrophilic means ________________________________________.
Steroids include substances such as ___________________________
__________________________________________________________.
Saturated fat
Unsaturated fat
