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macromolecules macromolecules biology types of macromolecules carbohydrates biology lipids, Exams of Nursing

Devry University - MichiganNursing

macromolecules macromolecules biology types of macromolecules carbohydrates biology lipids function proteins structure nucleic acids function

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/18/2025

Prof.Humphrey
Prof.Humphrey 🇺🇸

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BIO 181 RAMESH
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1. What are the 4 macromolecules?: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
2. Most macromolecules are: polymers
3. What is a polymer?: long chain of monomers
4. What links monomers to each other?: Covalent bonds
5. What is a hydrolysis reaction?: a reaction in which a bond is broken by the addition of
a water molecule
6. What is the result of hydrolysis?: The disassembling of the covalent bonds that link the
monomers together.
7. What is the result of a dehydration reaction?: a polymer forms (when monomers
covalently bond with each other)
8. What type of bond is a water molecule?: polar covalent bond
9. Why is water a polar molecule?: One side is negatively charged and the other is positively
charged
10. Repeated units in a polymer are called...: Monomers
11. What are carbohydrates?: sugars and starches
12. What is the function of a carbohydrate?: Provide quick energy/energy storage and
structure
13. A monosaccharide is made of a bond between: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
14. What is the ratio for the molecular formula of a monosaccharide?: 1:2:1
15. A link of two monosaccharides is called...: A 1-4 Glycosidic Linkage
16. Is glucose a monomer or a polymer?: monomer
17. What are polysaccharides?: Polymers of monosaccharides linked together by Glycosidic
Linkages
18. What are the three important polysaccharides?: starch, glycogen, cellulose (ALL
MADE OF GLUCOSE)
19. What is starch used for?: energy storage in PLANTS
20. What is glycogen used for?: energy storage in ANIMALS
21. Cellulose is the main component of?: Plant cell walls
22. Cellulose is linked by: Beta glucose monomers (-OH is ABOVE the first carbon)
23. Beta glucose monomers are...: INDIGESTIBLE BY HUMANS
24. What molecule most likely has the formula of C6H10O5: hydrocarbon
25. What is the function of starch?: energy storage in plants
26. Is starch linear or branched?: linear
27. What is the function of glycogen?: energy storage in animals
28. Is glycogen branched or linear?: branched
29. What is chitin?: A structural polysaccharide in plants; major component in the cell wall
30. Structural polysaccharides include...: cellulose and chitin
31. Alpha glucose is...: digestible (-OH BELOW first carbon)
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Download macromolecules macromolecules biology types of macromolecules carbohydrates biology lipids and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

  1. What are the 4 macromolecules?: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
  2. Most macromolecules are: polymers
  3. What is a polymer?: long chain of monomers
  4. What links monomers to each other?: Covalent bonds
  5. What is a hydrolysis reaction?: a reaction in which a bond is broken by the addition of a water molecule
  6. What is the result of hydrolysis?: The disassembling of the covalent bonds that link the monomers together.
  7. What is the result of a dehydration reaction?: a polymer forms (when monomers covalently bond with each other)
  8. What type of bond is a water molecule?: polar covalent bond
  9. Why is water a polar molecule?: One side is negatively charged and the other is positively charged
  10. Repeated units in a polymer are called...: Monomers
  11. What are carbohydrates?: sugars and starches
  12. What is the function of a carbohydrate?: Provide quick energy/energy storage and structure
  13. A monosaccharide is made of a bond between: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  14. What is the ratio for the molecular formula of a monosaccharide?: 1:2:
  15. A link of two monosaccharides is called...: A 1 - 4 Glycosidic Linkage
  16. Is glucose a monomer or a polymer?: monomer
  17. What are polysaccharides?: Polymers of monosaccharides linked together by Glycosidic Linkages
  18. What are the three important polysaccharides?: starch, glycogen, cellulose (ALL MADE OF GLUCOSE)
  19. What is starch used for?: energy storage in PLANTS
  20. What is glycogen used for?: energy storage in ANIMALS
  21. Cellulose is the main component of?: Plant cell walls
  22. Cellulose is linked by: Beta glucose monomers (-OH is ABOVE the first carbon)
  23. Beta glucose monomers are...: INDIGESTIBLE BY HUMANS
  24. What molecule most likely has the formula of C6H10O5: hydrocarbon
  25. What is the function of starch?: energy storage in plants
  26. Is starch linear or branched?: linear
  27. What is the function of glycogen?: energy storage in animals
  28. Is glycogen branched or linear?: branched
  29. What is chitin?: A structural polysaccharide in plants; major component in the cell wall
  30. Structural polysaccharides include...: cellulose and chitin
  31. Alpha glucose is...: digestible (-OH BELOW first carbon)
  1. What is a Lipid?: Long hydrocarbon chains (h-c)
  2. What type of bond are lipids?: Non-polar Covalent Bond (Hydrophobic)
  3. Fat is made up of: glycerol and fatty acids
  4. Glycerol: 3 carbon skeleton with hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to each
  5. Fatty Acids: Includes a single C=O bond in the molecular structure
  6. Triacylglycerol: (-OH and - COOH) 3 Fatty Acids
  7. What bond is for Lipids?: Ester Linkages
  8. Saturated Fats (characteristics): Long, straight chain Makes up most animal fats SOLID @ room temperature NO DOUBLE BONDS
  9. Unsaturated Fats (characteristics): Liquid @ room temperature Plant/Fish Vegetable Oil C=C DOUBLE BOND Loosely packed= liquid
  10. Phospholipid: 2 Fatty Acids and 1 +PO
  11. Fatty Acid Tails Are: hydrophobic, nonpolar
  12. Fatty Acid Heads Are: hydrophilic
  13. Phosopholipids form...: phospholipid bilayers in a cell membrane
  14. Steroids are: lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings, only one oxygen, made of cholesterol
  15. Proteins are: multipurpose molecules enzymes cell communication transportation structure defense
  16. Protein's monomer is: Amino acids (20 types)
  17. When amino acids are bonded together, they form: Polypeptides
  18. structure of amino acids: central carbon, amino group (NH3) , carboxyl group (COOH), R group
  19. What is the R Group?: gives unique chemical properties to amino acids
  20. Peptide bonds create proteins through what type of bond?: COvalent bond between NH2 of one amino acid and COOH (Carboxyl) of another. !!!(C-N) bond!!!
  21. Primary Structure of Protein: Only an amino acid sequence, no shape yet. Determined by inherited genetic information A change in a single amino acid can make a large difference
  1. Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?: Carboxyl (-COOH) and amino (-NH2)
  2. Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?: The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages. (Nonpolar covalent bonds repel polar water molecules)
  3. Why does ice float in liquid water?: Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water.
  4. The partial negative charge in a water molecule occurs because: the elec- tron shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus