Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Management - Organizational Behavior Ch. 6, Exercises of Organization Behaviour

The Nucor Steel Company’s incentive system penalizes low performers, but sets no upper limit on the amount high performers can earn annually A mid-sized manufacturing company produced one thousand component assemblies in July of this year, far exceeding the previous record of 843 assemblies. One week later, the firm had grills brought on site and employees were treated to a steak luncheon. The steak grill-out is an example of

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Available from 11/09/2022

alfa-bets
alfa-bets 🇺🇸

5

(1)

290 documents

1 / 24

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Management - Organizational Behavior Ch. 6
Organizational Behavior, Version 1.1
Bauer & Erdogan
FWK Test Item File
Chapter 6
TRUE/FALSE
1.The Nucor Steel Company’s incentive system penalizes low performers, but sets no upper limit
on the amount high performers can earn annually.
(True)
2.Evidence of the success of Nucor Steel is the low turnover rate and nonunion status of the firm.
(True)
3.Nucor Steel’s formula for success is to centralize decision making and rigidly define employee
and manager job duties.
(False)
4.Leaving employees free to choose job performance methods is an important element of scientific
management techniques.
(False)
5.Jobspecializationentails breaking down jobs into their simplest components.
(True)
6.Job enlargement involves moving employees from job to job at different intervals.
(False)
7.You are a Walt Disney Company management trainee. The first three months of your job you will
be working in the restaurant and hospitality area. The next three months you will be in the
merchandising area, followed by three months in lodging and finally, three months in park
operations. The Walt Disney management trainee program is designed using the job rotation
philosophy.
(True)
8.In a supermarket study, cashiers rotated through different departments have lower stress levels
and less pain in necks and shoulders.
(True)
9.Research shows that the psychological state of meaningfulness is the most important such state
for employee attitudes and behaviors.
(True)
10.The job characteristics model is an attempt to design jobs for increased motivational potential.
(True)
11.Skill variety and task significance are the most important elements in deciding motivational
potential.
(False)
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18

Partial preview of the text

Download Management - Organizational Behavior Ch. 6 and more Exercises Organization Behaviour in PDF only on Docsity!

Management - Organizational Behavior Ch. 6

Organizational Behavior, Version 1.

Bauer & Erdogan

FWK Test Item File

Chapter 6

TRUE/FALSE

  1. The Nucor Steel Company’s incentive system penalizes low performers, but sets no upper limit on the amount high performers can earn annually. (True)
  2. Evidence of the success of Nucor Steel is the low turnover rate and nonunion status of the firm. (True)
  3. Nucor Steel’s formula for success is to centralize decision making and rigidly define employee and manager job duties. (False)
  4. Leaving employees free to choose job performance methods is an important element of scientific management techniques. (False)

5. Job specialization entails breaking down jobs into their simplest components.

(True)

  1. Job enlargement involves moving employees from job to job at different intervals. (False)
  2. You are a Walt Disney Company management trainee. The first three months of your job you will be working in the restaurant and hospitality area. The next three months you will be in the merchandising area, followed by three months in lodging and finally, three months in park operations. The Walt Disney management trainee program is designed using the job rotation philosophy. (True)
  3. In a supermarket study, cashiers rotated through different departments have lower stress levels and less pain in necks and shoulders. (True)
  4. Research shows that the psychological state of meaningfulness is the most important such state for employee attitudes and behaviors. (True)
  5. The job characteristics model is an attempt to design jobs for increased motivational potential. (True)
  6. Skill variety and task significance are the most important elements in deciding motivational potential. (False)
  1. Access to information is a key factor in empowering employees. (True)
  2. Goal commitment is higher when employees have trust-based relationships with managers. (True)
  3. Goal setting is one of the most influential and practical theories of motivation. (True)
  4. The most effective goals are easy ones. (False)
  5. The performance appraisal meeting is the most important component of a performance appraisal. (True)
  6. In the most effective performance appraisal meetings, criticism of the individual personality traits is very important. (False)
  7. Quality expert Edward Deming advocates abolishing performance appraisals in the workplace. (True)
  8. Adequate notice ensures that there is two-way communication during the performance appraisal process. (False)
  9. Relative ranking appraisals may help an organization become more performance-oriented if they are used for a few years because they tend to weed out employees with persistent performance problems. (True)
  10. To increase the effectiveness of performance meetings, increase employee participation. (True)
  11. Attractive women are rated lower if they are employed in nonmanagement jobs and higher if they are in management jobs. (False)
  12. Leniency bias makes it harder for employees to change their behaviors. (True)
  13. Merit pay is a permanent pay raise based on past performance. (True)
  14. In a pay system based upon commission, rewarding only sales volume can lead salesmen to heavily discount merchandise. (True)
  15. The notion of using incentives to increase performance is a very old idea, actually going back to the time of Napoleon. (True)

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Opening Section: Motivating Steel Workers Works: The Case of Nucor

  1. All of the following are reasons why Nucor Steel is so effective at motivating its employees EXCEPT a. the incentive system penalizes lower performers but offers no limits on how much can be made by those that perform well. b. the firm has a centralized structure that retains decision making at upper levels in the organization. c. employees have the opportunity to fix problems that they see occurring during production. d. there is a great deal of task flexibility as some duties of managers have been pushed down to lower level line employees. (b) Medium/Comprehension Section I: Motivating Employees through Job Design
  2. Which of the following factors has the most influence on worker motivation? a. pay b. growth opportunities c. job design d. recognition (c) Easy/Knowledge
  3. Scientific management’s primary focus is a. goal setting. b. efficiency. c. flexibility. d. motivation. (b) Medium/Analysis
  4. Key elements of the scientific management philosophy include all of the following EXCEPT a. using training and specific instructions to minimize the number of workers needed on jobs. b. minimizing waste by identifying the most efficient method to perform the job. c. expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job. d. breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization. (c) Medium/Analysis
  1. Job specialization a. is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform a few tasks in a repetitive manner. b. refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. c. involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals. d. allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. (a) Easy/Knowledge
  2. Which of the following is an advantage to job specialization? a. Training costs are higher, but because of the specialized nature of tasks, they are learned more fully. b. The nature of the jobs leads to lower absenteeism. c. Staffing costs are lower because the repetitive nature of tasks makes skill requirements lower. d. The nature of the jobs is especially effective in rapidly changing environments. (c) Difficult/Evaluation
  3. Job rotation a. is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform a few tasks in a repetitive manner. b. refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. c. involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals. d. allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. (c) Easy/Knowledge
  4. Job enlargement a. is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform few tasks in a repetitive manner. b. refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. c. involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals. d. allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. (b) Easy/Knowledge
  5. Job enrichment a. is breaking down jobs into their simplest components and assigning them to employees so that each person will perform few tasks in a repetitive manner. b. refers to expanding the tasks performed by employees to add more variety. c. involves moving employees from job to job at regular intervals. d. allows workers more control over how they perform their own tasks. (d) Easy/Knowledge
  6. Frederick Taylor’s work led to a fundamental change in management philosophy. The change a. was understanding that managers could not influence the output levels of employees. b. was understanding that repetitive activities are the direct result of job generalization. c. paved the way for today’s automation and standardization. d. was increasing the complexity of jobs in the workplace for greater productivity. (c) Difficult/Analysis
  7. The local high school band needs to raise money to pay for a trip to New York City. It decides to sell sandwiches. Early Saturday morning, 20 volunteers report to the school cafeteria to make sandwiches. Stations are set up to make the 500 sandwiches ordered for that day. Station one has four individuals cutting sandwich buns, station two has four individuals placing the meats on the rolls, station three, etc. The individual who devised the sandwich- making production plan is operating under a

(a) Medium/Comprehension

  1. All of the following statements about job enrichment are true EXCEPT a. job enrichment may lead to dissatisfaction with one’s pay. b. job enrichment is a suitable technique to be used with any employee. c. job enrichment may be associated with increased productivity and reduced absenteeism. d. the technique allows employees to take on more responsibility. (b) Medium/Comprehension
  2. Olaf works on an assembly line in an Oslo factory. Last month the assembly line processes were overhauled. Olaf is still responsible for soldering electrical contacts on an appliance component, but now he is also expected to review each component for quality defects after he solders. If he notes any defects, he can place the component in the scrap bin. If he scraps five such pieces in succession, he is permitted to press an emergency button above his station, which stops the assembly line completely. This job re-design is a reflection of the _____ ______________ philosophy. a. job rotation b. job enlargement c. job enrichment d. job specialization (c) Difficult/Synthesis
  3. Maria works at a factory in Lima, Peru where she sews blue jeans for a major American firm. On Mondays, she sews the side seams of the jeans, on Tuesdays she sews on pockets, Wednesdays she presses finished jeans, Thursdays she folds jeans, packages sets of twelve in shrink wrap and places them in boxes, and on Friday she sews decorative stitching on the pockets and side seams. Maria is working under the job design technique of a. job specialization. b. job enrichment. c. job enlargement. d. job rotation. (d) Medium/Synthesis
  4. Task identity is a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person’s job substantially affects other people’s health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (b) Easy/Knowledge
  5. Skill variety is a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person’s job substantially affects other people’s health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (a) Easy/Knowledge
  6. Feedback is a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. the degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work.

d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (c) Easy/Knowledge

  1. Task significance is a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person’s job substantially affects other people’s health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (c) Easy/Knowledge
  2. Autonomy is a. the extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high level skills. b. the degree to which a person is in charge of completing an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. c. whether a person’s job substantially affects other people’s health, work or well-being. d. the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (d) Easy/Knowledge
  3. Which of the following is NOT a core job characteristic in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? a. skill variety b. task significance c. feedback d. pay (d) Easy/Knowledge
  4. Which of the following is NOT an outcome in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? a. organizational citizenship b. performance c. satisfaction d. turnover (a) Easy/Knowledge
  5. Which of the following is a psychological state in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? a. motivation b. meaningfulness c. creativity d. engagement (b) Medium/Knowledge
  6. Which of the following describes the elements of the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? a. Three psychological states lead to five core job characteristics which lead to five outcomes. b. Five core job characteristics lead to five outcomes which produce three psychological states. c. Five core job characteristics lead to three psychological states which lead to five outcomes. d. Three psychological states lead to five outcomes which are analyzed for five core job characteristics. (c) Medium/Comprehension
  7. Which of the following psychological states is the most important for employee attitudes and behaviors?
  1. Structural empowerment a. refers to making a person powerless. b. is the degree to which a person has higher order needs such as esteem and self-actualization. c. refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do jobs effectively. d. is the degree to which a person has the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. (c) Medium/Knowledge
  2. Which of the following factors do not determine empowerment? a. structure b. access to information c. leadership style d. pay (d) Medium/Knowledge
  3. ___________ is an example of felt empowerment. a. Meaningful work b. Leadership style c. Organizational structure d. Organizational climate (a) Easy/Knowledge
  4. One of the dimensions of structural empowerment is a. meaningful work. b. confidence that you can perform the job. c. feeling that one has autonomy at work. d. access to information. (d) Easy/Knowledge
  5. Which of the following statements is true about empowerment? a. The notion of empowerment is appropriate for all employees. b. Empowerment is a relatively easy concept to implement in the workplace. c. Employees who are nervous about empowerment may also worry about the increased responsibility. d. Empowerment is not related to job performance. (c) Medium/Analysis
  6. To empower your employees, a. retain information on the job until it is absolutely needed. b. take away employee power so your manager accountability is not compromised. c. make sure managers continue to manage in such a manner that they are stepping in with routine responses to issues. d. change the company structure so employees have more power on the job. (d) Medium/Analysis Section II: Motivating Employees through Goal-Setting
  7. The “M” in “SMART” goals stands for a. Measurable b. Motivating c. Minimal d. Management (a) Easy/Knowledge
  1. Which of the following statements regarding SMART goals is correct? a. Easy goals are the most effective goals. b. When goals are specific, stress is higher c. Adding a time limit into a goal leads to short term decision making and leads to ignoring the long term consequences. d. Effective goals tend to be aggressive. (d) Medium/Analysis
  2. If you say to yourself, “As soon as I finish reading this chapter in my textbook, I am going to play Guitar Hero for an hour,” this specific goal has motivated you because a. it has given you direction. b. it has energized you not to stop until you have accomplished the goal. c. it has provided you with self esteem. d. it has caused you to re-think how you are working. (b) Medium/Application
  3. All of the following conditions contribute to the effectiveness of goal setting EXCEPT a. ability. b. goal commitment. c. feedback. d. group, as opposed to individual goals. (d) Easy/Knowledge
  4. Which of the following would be conditions under which SMART goals would be effective relative to other times? a. when managers have clearly established goals without employee input b. when employees feel the skill sets needed to perform a goal-oriented task need to be upgraded c. when employees have a supportive and trusting relationship with their managers d. when managers provide feedback to employees on a very irregular basis, if at all (c) Medium/Synthesis
  5. _______________ is (are) a downside to goal setting. a. Learning decreases b. Adaptability increases c. Developing broadmindedness d. Ethical problem decreases (a) Easy/Knowledge
  6. Though goal setting is usually viewed as a positive process, there can be downsides if a. employees can adapt their behaviors in response to unplanned for threats. b. employees lack skills necessary to reach the goals. c. rewards are established for coming close to, as well as achieving a goal. d. goals account not just for meeting, as an example, production quotas, but also for meeting quality standards. (b) Difficult/Evaluation
  7. A management by objectives program includes all of the following EXCEPT a. detaching individual goals from organizational strategy. b. setting individual goals aligned with corporate strategy. c. developing action plans. d. periodically reviewing performance goals. (a) Easy/Knowledge

c. means ensuring that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee’s perspective is heard. d. is the process where feedback is confidentially gathered from peers, customers and subordinates. (b) Easy/Knowledge

  1. A relative ranking system is used when a. students receive an A if they got 93% of the total points in a semester. b. students receive weighted grades during a semester, like: 20 of 25 points on a quiz worth 5% of the grade, and 10 of 15 on a quiz worth 3% of the grade. c. a college implements a system where 10% of the class will receive A, 20% will receive B, 70% will receive C, 20% will receive D and 10% will receive F. d. a student must take all quizzes to receive a C, a student must take all quizzes and write a paper to receive a B, and a student must take all quizzes, write a paper and do a presentation to receive an A. (c) Difficult/Synthesis
  2. Forced ranking systems, like that established by General Electric, a. provide employees with concrete feedback on what their goals are for next year. b. are beneficial to a firm if they are used in a consistent manner and for a long period of time. c. can lead to employee stagnation and a performance-aversive culture. d. can carry the danger of lawsuits because of equal employment opportunity concerns with employees rated. (d) Difficult/Evaluation
  3. All of the following are purposes of a performance appraisal EXCEPT a. achieving work/life balance. b. documenting employee performance for pay and reward decisions. c. providing employees with feedback for developmental purposes. d. distributing bonuses, pay increases and promotions. (a) Medium/Comprehension
  4. Conducting an effective performance appraisal meeting a. is always easier if the rater begins the meeting with a criticism of the employee and moves forward from there. b. is always easier if the rater limits the number of opportunities the employee has to speak. c. is facilitated if the rater has empathy for the employee. d. is easier if the rater completes the performance appraisal form as he talks to the employee during the actual performance appraisal meeting. (c) Medium/Synthesis
  5. Matthew and Jim are next-door neighbors and their sons are best friends. Matthew and Jim take the boys on many father-son outings. Matthew is Jim’s boss at ABC Corporation. Jim gets high ratings from Matthew. There may be bias in those ratings due to a. leniency. b. stereotypes. c. contrast. d. liking. (d) Medium/Application
  6. Renaldo is preparing to rate Marquez on his annual performance evaluation. As he looks at the first item, Renaldo thinks about the meeting he had with Marquez last week. Marquez shared with Renaldo that his wife was quite ill and that there may be days when he would be called to the hospital unexpectedly. As Renaldo looks back at the form, he thinks about how costly

this will be for Marquez. Renaldo may give Marquez ratings that show ______________ bias. a. liking b. leniency c. stereotype d. recency (d) Difficult/Synthesis

  1. All of the following statements about rating biases are true EXCEPT a. women in stereotypically male jobs are rated higher than women in stereotypically female jobs. b. attractive women are rated higher if they hold non-management jobs than if they hold management positions. c. liking someone may cause the rater to selectively remember positive things about the person and thus rate him higher. d. leniency bias can be addressed by having the rater use relative rankings. (a) Difficult/Evaluation Section IV: Motivating Employees Through Performance Incentives
  2. Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT a. employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems. b. firms with pay-for-performance systems have higher customer service. c. eighty percent of all American companies use merit pay. d. pay-for-performance systems are more effective at retaining higher performing employees than praise or recognition systems. (a) Difficult/Evaluation
  3. A piece rate system a. is a program providing one-time rewards to employees for specific accomplishments. b. is a company-wide program where employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance. c. is a permanent pay raise based on past performance. d. is a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced. (d) Easy/Knowledge
  4. A mid-sized manufacturing company produced one thousand component assemblies in July of this year, far exceeding the previous record of 843 assemblies. One week later, the firm had grills brought on site and employees were treated to a steak luncheon. The steak grill-out is an example of a. an award. b. a bonus. c. gainsharing. d. merit pay. (a) Easy/Evaluation
  5. Which of the following statements regarding performance incentives is NOT true? a. Employees who are heavily rewarded by commissions may neglect customers who provide them with a low probability of making a sale. b. When awarded stock options, employees tend to hold on to them rather than sell them. c. Profit sharing is not very effective at tying employee pay to individual effort. d. Gainsharing programs can be successful if the payout formula is generous and employees can participate in the management of the company. (b) Difficult/Evaluation

c. the belief that employees should feel interested in the work they do. d. the family atmosphere in the large company. (b) Medium/Comprehension FILL IN THE BLANK

  1. The philosophy of _____________ _____________focuses on the most efficient method to perform a job. (scientific management)
  2. ____ _______________ breaks down jobs into their simplest components and assigns them to employees so that they can perform tasks in a repetitive manner. (Job specialization)
  3. An auto assembly worker who works on the left rear wheel bolts on Monday, the right front headlight screws on Tuesday, the front grille connectors on Wednesday, the right rear wheel bolts on Thursday and the left front screws on Friday is working under a ________ ____________ system. (job rotation)
  4. The job characteristics model features the psychological states of _____________, _______________, and _____________________. (meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of results)
  5. An organizational behavior instructor who develops a unique teamwork project for use in her classroom will have high ______________ with the project. (task identity)
  6. __________ ________ ___________ describes the degree to which a person has higher-order needs such as esteem and self-actualization. (Growth need strength)
  7. Employees who feel motivated and have discretion to make decisions about the content and context of their job are __________________. (empowered)
  8. A Harley-Davidson employee’s authority to stop the assembly line if he sees a blemish on the product has ___________________ empowerment. (structural)
  9. The acronym, SMART, stands for___________, ______________,__________, realistic and time-bound when discussing goal setting. (specific, measurable, aggressive)
  10. The degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching the goal is called _______ _____________________. (goal commitment)
  11. ______________________is the process in which a rater or raters evaluate an employee’s performance. (Performance appraisal)
  1. ___-_________ _______________ is the process where supervisors, peers, subordinates, and sometimes even customers provide feedback in a confidential manner to later share with the employee for developmental purposes. (360-degree feedback)
  2. _______ ________ ensures that there is two-way communication during the appraisal process and the employee’s story is heard. (Fair hearing)
  3. If you answer 90% of the questions right on an exam, you get an A, if you get 80% correct, you get a B, and so on. This approach to grading an exam uses an __________ _________ criteria. (absolute rating)
  4. If a manager does not want to have a confrontation with an employee or wants to avoid hurting that employee’s chances of getting a bonus, he may give the employee a rating higher than warranted. This bias in performance appraisal is called ______________. (leniency)
  5. Beliefs about different groups that may be generalized to an employee who is being evaluated, even though those beliefs may have little basis in reality, leads to a _____________ bias in performance evaluation. (stereotype)
  6. History suggests that one of the first incentive plans in place was when Napoleon promised 12,000 francs to anyone who could find a way to preserve food for the army. This is an example of a ____________. (bonus)
  7. Fruit pickers are paid based on the amount of fruit they pick in a day. This is an example of a ______ _______ _______ system. (piece rate incentive)
  8. A one-time reward that follows a specific accomplishment is called a _________. (bonus)
  9. The purpose of ________ __________ is to align company and employee interests by making employees owners. (stock options)
  10. _____________ is a company-wide program where employees are rewarded for performance gains compared to past performance. (Gainsharing)
  11. Chinese employees are much more motivated by ____________ goals than their American counterparts. (difficult) SHORT ANSWERS
  12. Describe some of Frederick Taylor’s observations that led to his development of the scientific management philosophy.

Autonomy is the degree to which a person had the freedom to decide how to perform his tasks. Feedback is the degree to which people learn how effective they are being at work.

  1. What is the formula to calculate the motivating potential score (MPS) of a job, and what is the purpose of the score? MPS = Skill variety + Task Identity + Task significance x Autonomy x Feedback 3 The formula suggests that autonomy and feedback are the most important elements in deciding the motivating potential compared to skill variety, task identity and task significance. The purpose of the formula is to assess the motivating potential of a job.
  2. What is the difference between felt empowerment and structural empowerment? Structural empowerment refers to the aspects of the work environment that give employees discretion, autonomy and the ability to do their jobs effectively. Felt empowerment is the condition where employees find the work to be meaningful, feeling confident that they can perform the job, feeling that they have discretion and autonomy at work and having the ability to influence how the company operates.
  3. What does each of the letters in the acronym, SMART, mean? S is Specific. M is Measurable. A is Aggressive. R is Realistic. T is Time-bound.
  4. Write a SMART goal. To eliminate 25% of the solid waste from US stores by the year 2015 (Wal-Mart)
  5. Why do goals motivate? Goals give us direction. The goals tell you what to focus on; so they should be set carefully. Employee goals should be aligned with company goals. Goals energize employees. Even if you are tired of working toward a goal, having a specific goal in mind energizes you. Goals present challenges. When goals are set and people reach them, they feel a sense of accomplishment. SMART goals urge you to think outside the box and re-think how you are working. Goals have to be challenging and somewhat difficult to motivate.
  6. Explain when goals are more effective.

Goals are more effective when there is feedback. The feedback helps indicate the progression to goal accomplishment. Employees should have the skills, knowledge and abilities to reach their goals. Employees should be committed to the goals. Goals should be challenging, not easy, and not extremely difficult.

  1. Are there any downsides to goal setting? Yes, setting goals for specific outcomes may hamper employee performance if those employees lack skills and abilities needed to reach those goals. Therefore, goals should be set for learning, not outcomes, so the learning decreases can be addressed. Goal setting may prevent employees from adapting and changing their behaviors in response to unforeseen threats. In short, adaptability declines. Goals tend to focus employee behavior on activities that are measured, and thus people sacrifice other important elements of performance as a single-mindedness develops. Finally, an aggressive pursuit of goals can lead to unethical behaviors. If rewards are given only for achievement of goals and not for coming close, some employees may do whatever it takes to achieve that goal.
  2. List the steps of the management by objectives (MBO) approach.
  3. Make sure individual goals support team goals and team goals support the company strategy.
  4. Specifically, company-wide goals should be derived from corporate strategy. 3.Team and department goals are then determined making sure they derive from the company goals.
  5. Individual goals are collaboratively set between the employee and the supervisor that are aligned with the corporate strategy.
  6. An action plan is developed.
  7. The performance goals are periodically reviewed and revised.
  8. How does 360-degree feedback differ from the more traditional form? 360-degree feedback is a system where all sources share, in a confidential manner, feedback on an employee for developmental purposes. These sources include peers, coworkers, supervisors and customers. The traditional feedback system usually involves only supervisors
  9. What are the three characteristics of appraisals that increase the perception that they are fair? Adequate notice involves letting employees know what criteria will be used during the appraisal.