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If a Hydrogen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? - ans+ What is the oxidation number of any simple ion? - ansThe same as charge of the ion How many kilograms are in a pound? - ans0.453592 kg What is the temperature for freezing point of water in Celsius? - ans0 degrees Celsius (32°F for Fahrenheit) What is the conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit? - ans5F=9C+160 (remember 5F because you have 5 fingers on a hand and 9C because cats have 9 lives) What is the oxidation number of an element atom? - ans What is the freezing point of sea water in Fahrenheit? - ans-2C How many amino acids are in a dipeptide? - ans If Oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? - ans- 2 Which of the following pH values would lemon juice likely have? - ans2 because the lower the pH value, the more acidic What is a pentose? - ansA 5 carbon sugar (Pent = 5) (ose = sugar) What is the oxidation state of the Sulfur atom in Sulfuric Acid H2SO4? - ans6(each H is +1, each O is - 2. All charges have to add to 0. 2+S-8= How many neutrons does carbon 14 have? - ans8 ( mass# - atomics # = neutrons) 14 6= 8 How many protons does Potassium have? - ans How many amino acids are essential for human life - ans20 amino acids Normal body temperature in °C? - ans37°C Normal body temperature in °F? - ans98.6°F Boiling point of water in °C? - ans100°C Boiling point of water in °F? - ans212°F 0°K is equal to°C? - ans-273°C The term Amphoterie means? - ansA substance that can act as both a base & acid What is Kelvin based around? - ansAbsolute zero A compound that is Hydrogen or proton donor, corrosive to metals, causes blue litmus paper to become red and becomes less acidic when mixed with a base is? - ansAcid Mixture of 2 or more metals are? - ansAlloys pH less than 7.0 sour/tart Formulas begin with H (Hydrogen) Proton Donor - ansAcids: 3 types of radiation in nuclear chemistry? - ansAlpha, Beta & Gamma Emission of Helium (He) ions in the nuclei Contains 2 protons & 2 neutrons. +2 Charge radiation particle. Can Largest be stopped by piece of paper - ansAlpha radiation Type of Alloy in which another metal is dissolved in Mercury (Hg)? - ansAmalgam Proteins are made up of? - ansAmino acids
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Glycogen is what kind of starch? - ansAnimal Starch When an atom GAINS ONE or more electrons - ansAnions (negative ion) Basic building block of a molecule? - ansAtom (NOT CELL!!) Atomic mass? - ansAverage mass of a elements isotope Atomic #: - ans# of protons in nucleus of an atom A Hydrogen or proton ACCEPTOR & has hydroxide group in the makeup of the molecule Produce - OH Bitter, slippery, conduct electricity, formulas contain - OH pH value greater than 7.0 Proton acceptor - ansBase _________are Proton donors as Bases are proton acceptors - ansAcids Decomposition product of a proton or neutron High speed/energy Electrons EITHER - charged electrons or + charged positrons Can be stopped by aluminum foil - ansBeta radiation: What is Biochemistry? - ansStudy of substances & processes occurring in living things Fahrenheit is based off of? - ansBody temp How does ↑ Surface area speed up chemical reactions? of contact reactions - ansBy ↑ areas of contact where chemical reactions can occur How do catalyst accelerate a chemical reaction? - ansBy reducing the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur What does COOH symbolize? - ansCarboxyl group Which of the following is not a solution type? - ansCatalyst Define Catalyst. - ansSubstance that speeds up a chemical reaction. 1 What is an atom called when it LOSES 1 or more electrons? - ansCations (positive ions) What is chemical bonding? - ansThe joining of atoms to form new substances. 2 types: ionic & covalent bonding Electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms groups of atoms called ions (between metals & nonmetals) - ansWhat is a Ionic bond? Chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers a electron to another atom. (steals) - ansIonic bonding Chemical bond that shares I electron pair Formed by non-metals - ansSingle Covalent bond? Making & breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in composition of matter - ansWhat are chemical reactions? Double Covalent bond? - ansWhen 2 electron pairs are shared Triple Covalent bond? - ansWhen 3 electron pairs are shared 2C2H6 (g) + 702 (g) = 4CO2(g) + 6H2O - ansCombustion reaction
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Gluconeogenesis is a process that produces? - ansGlucose from proteins and fats rather than carbs What is oxidation? - ansLoss of electrons (OIL-oxidation is losing) A way to express concentration of atoms? - ansMole What is reduction? - ansGain in electrons (RIG-reduction is gaining) Part of the nucleus of an atom that has no charge? - ansNeutron What is the Molarity - ansFormula? Single sugar molecules? - ansMonosaccharides How does ↑ concentration cause reaction acceleration? - ansMore potential for contact (chemical reaction) Which is a example of a ionic bond? - ansNaCI (Sodium Chloride) because it does not have a charge In a covalent bond compound, if the electrons are shared equally, then the bond is? - ansNon- polar (water hating, equal) The study of changes that occur in atomic nuclei? - ansNuclear Chemistry Polar Covalent bond? - ansUnequal sharing of electrons(water loving) When 3-6 monosaccharides join together this is called? - ansOligosaccharide (7+ is polysaccharide) Emission of particles or energy from a unstable nucleus? - ansRadioactivity Particles that are emitted during radioactivity? - ansRadiation Ractant is? - ansA chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. Reactant =Product A substance that is dissolved in a solution? - ansSolute A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances? - ansSoultion Liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances? - ansSolvent Define stoichiometry. - ansCalculation of quantities in chemical reactions Combining parts into a whole is? Or synthesis is? - ansSynthesis Chemical reaction in which 2 elements combine to form a product How many electrons does an Oxygen ion have? - ans10 (Atomic # of 8 & is in group VIA which has a - 2 charge, which means it has 2 more electrons than the 8 protons) What is the mass of 1 mole of CO2? - ans44g/mol (C 12.011 + (15.999 x 2) = answer How many moles are present in 2 moles of O2? - ans4 (2 atoms in each molecule x 2 moles = 4 moles) What characterizes a chemical reaction as combustion? The chemical reaction that is the reaction of a compound with Oxygen? - ansO2 is a reactant, CO2 and H2O are products
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Sum of oxidation # =? - ansCharge on polyatomic ion Increasing the _________causes the particles to have greater kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster and have a greater chance? - ansTemperature To balance an equation, what are placed in front of each component? - ansCoefficient Dispersions forces are found in which covalent bond? - ansNon-polar and polar The weakest of all intermolecular forces? - ansDispersion forces Dipole attraction is a __________intermolecular force? - ansWeak What is created when an electron pair in a covalent bond is shared unequally? - ansDipole The attractions of one dipole to another is? - ansDipole interactions Strongest bond of intermolecular forces? - ansHydrogen bond. (This is not relating to covalent) Elements Flourine (F), Chlorine (CI ), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N) are involved in which bond? - ansHyrdrogen bond Polarity is? - ansBased on the difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved What reactions take p[lace in the nucleus to obtain stable nuclear configurations? - ansNuclear reactions Mass # - Atomic # = - ans# Neutrons in a element Protons + Neutrons = - ansMass #
of Protons in a element - ansAtomic
Neutral ions - ansNeutrons
- charge ions - anselectrons
- charge ions - ansProtons Charge of noble gases? - ans Group IA - ans+1 Charge Group IIA - ans+2 Charge Group IIIA - ans+3 Charge Group VA = - ans-3 Charge Group VIA - ans-2 Charge Group VIIA - ans-1 Charge Rows on periodic table: - ansPeriod (Horizontal Left/right) Columns of periodic table: - ansGroup (Vertiear upruown) Mass # - Atomic # = - ans#Neutrons in a element
protons an element has: - ansAtomic
How elements are arranged on the periodic table? - ansBy their chemical properties How elements are arranged on the periodic table? - ansBy their chemical properties
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What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased - ansCardiac output Where does digestion begin in the digestive system? - ansOral cavity Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell? - ansThe cell membrane The mediastinum is located within which cavity? - ansThoracic
. What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter? - ansInvolved with mood, anxiety and sleep What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted? - ans. Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate . What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)? - ans. Play role in blood clotting Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity? - ansVastus lateralis Which structure is located on the sternum - ansXiphoid process The occipital region is located in which part of the body? - ansHead Which structure carries oxygen to the cells? - ansHemoglobin Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland"? - ansPituitary Gland Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures? - ansLigament What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis? - ansEccrine gland Which statement are true about bone? - ansOsteoblast,epiphyseal, diaphysis Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body? - ansEye The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body? - ansEar Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body? - ansFoot Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs? - ansPulmonary vein . Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning? - ansTemporal lobe What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing? - ansCochlea Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure? - ansFallopian tubes Where is the tubialis anterior muscle located? - ansLower leg An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area? - ansExternal ear canals The mitral value is located between which two structures? - ansLeft ventricle & Left atrium . The olfactory nerves is associate in which sense? - ansSmell Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart? - ansVena cava . Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries? - ansEstrogen & progesterone
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Plane divides the body into right and left sides? - ansSagittal Two principles divisions that makeup nervous system? - ansPeripheral (PNS) & Central (CNS) The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing? - ansEpiphsis
. Part of the brain attaches to spinal cord? - ansMedulla oblongata
- Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body? - ansAbduction Structure provides a pulse reading in the neck? - ansCarotid Artery Which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland? - ansOxytocin What is the primary function of the hemoglobin (blood)? - ansCarry oxygen What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function? - ansrise in CO2; Fall in o Which condition causes a client to say "I can't see far away"? - ansNearsightedness Anaerobic respiration can lead to burning sensation caused by which molecule? - anslactic acid Golgi apparatus functions as? - ansprocess protein secreation. synthesize carbs and glycoproteins What organ produces insulin? - anspanceas What effects do serotonin has or neurotransmitters? - ansappetite, sleep, mood Fertilization occurs in the? - ansoviduct When drawing blood from autecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood? - ansmedian cubital What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty? - ansTestosterone and estrogen Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change? - ansalkalosis . What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning? - ansTemporal What is the function of the hypothalamus - ansregulates function of body, balance, thermoreg How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain? - ans When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called? - ansosmosis What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body? `` - ansbody become more acidic What plane divides the body from left to right? - anssagittal plane What part of the body is the lower back? - anslumbar High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest? - ansPotassium
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The buttocks are which surface of the body? - ansdorsal
. The esophagus is located in which body cavity? - ansthoracic The tympanic membrane is located between which structures? - ansexternal auditory canal and middle ear How many days is the average menstrual cycle? - ans28 days Which structure produces T-lymphocytes? - ansthymas A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area? - ansarm - inability to adduct arms and fingers Calcaneus is located in? - ansfoot Urinary system in the human body primary task is to? - ansexpel waste Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? - ansCorpus luteum what are fingerprints made of - ansFriction Ridges dac ABCD of cancer? - ansMelanoma which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found - anspelvic region which one increases angle at the joint - ansextensor which hormone is release by posterior lobe - ansoxytocin. order of organization of living things - ansorganelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere. what bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification - ansflat bone of face and cranial most obvious skin cancer - ansbasal cell carcinoma active transport - ansrequires energy and work from cell passive transport and examples - ansdoesn't require energy ex. diffusion and osmosis diffusion - ansThe passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration. osmosis - ansmovement of water across a membrane fibrous joint - ansimmoveable and held together by ligaments only ex. teeth in socket cartilaginous - ansconnection between articulating bones made up of cartilage synovial joints - anshighly moveable
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hinge, pivot, saddle two types of asexual reproduction - ansbinary fission and mitosis eustachian tube - anslinks the nasopharynx to the middle ear calciferol is controlled by - ansparathyroid sebaceous gland - anssecretes oil endocytosis - ansengulfs and brings in exocytosis - ansfuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell pituitary gland produces - ansadrenocorticotropic hormone GH adrenal gland secretes - anscortisol and aldosterone Aerobic respiration takes place in - ansthe mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Anaerobic respiration also produces - ansenergy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen. What part of the respiratory system is I the upper respiratory? - ansBronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli aerobic respiration happens in presence of - ansoxygen soft spot on baby head - ansfontanelle what do endocrine hormones do - ansgrowth metabolsim sexual development and function layers of epidermis (outer to inner) - anscorneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale can lily grant serena boys top of sternum - ansmanubrium parts of sternum - ansmanibrium body xiphoid what makes up most plasma - answater polypeptide are - anschains of amino acids Mitosis- - ansthe process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two "daughter" cells in a process called cytokinesis Meiosis: - ansto make haploid gametes and the production of germs cells Photosynthesis- - ansprecursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct.
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blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to heart msucle returns to right atrium via - anscoronary sinus diploid - ans46 chromosomes haploid - ans23 chromosomes skeletal system function - ans1. protection
- movement
- mineral storage
- production of blood efferent - ansaway from CNS afferent - anstoward CNS Ovum - ansa mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell. Gamete - ansa mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. capillaries - anscarry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients oxygen and waste What is the exchang eof gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? - ansA. External respiration Mostofthecarbondioxideintheblooddoeswhichofthefollowing? - ansIt is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? - ansC. Production of gametes and production of hormones which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs - ansconnective what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion - anseccrine glands All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? - ansneurons monocytes - ansbecomes macrophages lymphocytes - ansimportant in immune system neutrophils - ansphagocytize microorganisms in order for inhalation to occur - anscontraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air functional units of the kidney - ansnephrons Where does fertilization occur? - ansfallopian tubes cellular contact is important for - answound healing
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most abundant tissue - ansconnective tissue After observing an event, you develop an explanation this is: - ansHypothesis Which is a benefit of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding of water: - ans1- Water has a relatively high specific heat value. 2 - Water has strong cohesive and adhesive properties. 3 - Polarity of water allows it to act as a versatile solvent. Of all molecules that are significant to biology which are considered important: - ansnucleic acids Lipids are better known as fats but what are they specifically? - ansFatty acids, phospholipids, steroids What are the 2 categories of fatty acids? - anssaturated fats and unsaturated fats How do phospholipids function in cells? - ansThey are integral components of plasma membrane Which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributor to cellular function? - ansProteins Proteins are polymers of which? - ansAmino Acids Which of the following proteins catalyze different reactions or processes? - ansEnzyme Which of the biologic molecules are components of the molecules of inheritance? - ansNucleic Acids What is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism? - ansMetabolism In a cell, reactions take place in a series of steps called: - ansMetabolic pathways What is the fundamental unit of biology? - ansCell Which type of cell contains no defined nucleus? - ansProkaryotic cell What is the primary purpose of the flagella on the surface of cells? - ansmovement of the cell Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell? - ansGolgi apparatus Which are the distant organelles that produce cell energy? - ansMitochondrion and chlorophast Which component of the cell contributes to the protection, communication, and passage of substances into and out of the cell? - ansCell Membrane The Cell Membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids which proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. The bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between two layers of lipids, making it what: - ansSelectively permeable What are 2 catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production? - ansFermentation and Cellular respiration
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A cell from the heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of what? - ansMitochondria Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP? - ansElectron transport chain Which is true about the Krebs Cycle and the Calvin Cycle: - ansBoth result in a net production of ATP and NADH Why is it important for cells to undergo Mitosis? - ansMitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue. In a hypertonic solution - ansWater will leave the cell causing it to shrink hyptonic solution - ansA cell will swell and burst isotonic solution - ansa solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell Gametes are produced by the process of - ansmeiosis What common disease does a bacteria cause - ansStrep throat flagellum function - anspropulsion- moves the cell facilitated diffusion - ansMovement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels passive transport - ansthe movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell active transport - ansEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference What makes the backbone of DNA? - anssugar and phosphate microtubules and microfilaments - ansSmall, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell. A cells cytoskeleton. Know the parts of the microscope and their functions. Especially the stage, lens and common objective lens magnification - ans Microvilli - ansprojections that increase the cell's surface area Mitosis produces how many cells - ans2 diploid cels How many cells does meiosis produce? - ans4 haploid cells In meiosis the chromosome number is reduced from - ans46 to 23 cellular respiration take place in - ansmitochondria Which stage of mitosis is occurring when the nuclear envelope begins to disappear and the chromosomes begin to attach to the spindle that is forming along the axis of the cell? - ansProphase What copies DNA mRNA - ansRNA
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Two types of cells in biology - ansProkaryotic and Eukaryotic During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert all except which of the following into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds? A. Minerals B. Water C. Carbon dioxide D. Metals - ansD. Metals Which stage of mitosis is occurring when the chromosomes gather on either side of the separating cell? A. Metaphase B. Telophase C. Anaphase D. Prophase - ansB. Telophase Which of the following is not one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA structure? A. Adenine B. Guanine C. Uracil D. Thymine - ansC. Uracil What is binary fission a type of? A. Photosynthesis B. Asexual reproduction C. Exothermic reaction D. Sexual reproduction - ansB. Asexual reproduction The cellular membrane is composed of what - ansA bilayer of phospholipid molecule The bilayer of the cellular membrane consists of phospholipids with all except which of the following peppered throughout? A. Nucleic acids B. Cholesterol C. Proteins D. Glycoproteins - ansA. Nucleic acids At the beginning of meiosis, how many chromosomes does the diploid parent cell have? A. 23 B. 24
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D. Chloroplasts - ansA. Golgi apparatus ** briefly review/know the cell wall and function - ans
