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MBI 600 CHAPTER 13 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - ANSWER is a multiple stage approach used by IT professionals to develop high-quality information systems from planning and analysis through support and maintenance. The SDLC - ANSWER provides a framework for a number of different systems development methodologies. The activities performed during ___________ __________vary depending on the size and complexity of the system - ANSWER systems development Stages of the SDLC - ANSWER Systems Planning Systems Analysis Systems Design Implementation and Testing Support and Maintenance The SDLC is an _______________process, not a linear one. - ANSWER iterative During Systems Planning: - ANSWER Planning begins when a business need is identified. Problem or desired change is described. Planning stage objective is to determine feasibility of the request. The deliverable from the planning stage is the Project Plan. A ________ ____________ in this stage determines the probability of success of a proposed system and provides a rough assessment of its technical, economic, organizational, and behavioral feasibility. - ANSWER feasibility study During Systems Analysis: - ANSWER User requirements are gathered to better understand the problem Process models are created to determine the logical design of the system
End product of this stage is a Systems Proposal. More time invested in analysis mean a greater probability of _____ _________ - ANSWER IS success. System developers - ANSWER utilize the design specifications to create the user interface and establish data requirements _____ __________ of the system is designed by determining and acquiring the hardware and software needed to carry out the logical design of the system - ANSWER Physical design ________and __________documentation are created - ANSWER user and system ___________and ________ ___________ are critical to ensure that business requirements are being met - ANSWER management and user involvement deliverable - ANSWER The __________from the design stage is the System Design Specification Implementation - ANSWER Conversion of the old system to the new system plunge - ANSWER cut off and migration at a specific time Parallel - ANSWER simultaneous transfer Pilot - ANSWER limited test of new, then roll out Phased - ANSWER specific components in stages Testing - ANSWER Testing verifies that apps, interfaces, data transfers, and so on, work correctly under all possible conditions. Users are trained in the use of the new system. Support and Maintenance - ANSWER Occurs once new system's operations are stabilized. Audits are performed to assess capabilities and determine operational correctness. Maintenance must be kept up to date at all times. Users kept up to date on latest modifications and procedures. Systems development - ANSWER is a repetitive process as maintenance turns into the development of a new system.
period of time. That is, both systems process the same data at the same time, and the outputs are compared. This type of conversion is the most expensive but least risky. In a direct conversion, the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time. This type of conversion is the least expensive, but it is the most risky if the new system does not work as planned. A pilot conversion introduces the new system in one location to test it out. After the new system works properly, it is rolled out. A phased conversion introduces components of the new system, such as individual modules, in stages. Each module is assessed, and, when it works properly, other modules are introduced until the entire new system is operational. Waterfall Method - ANSWER Sequential Predictive Inflexible No going back Recordkeeping essential Small, short-term projects Object-Oriented (O-O) Analysis and Design - ANSWER Iterative, Adaptive Emphasizes modularity and reusability Views a system as a collection of modular objects that encapsulate data and processes.
Objects = people, things, transactions and events Use cases and Unified Modelling Language (UML), a set of symbols to graphically represent the various components and relationships within a system Object-Oriented Use Case Model - ANSWER An _______-_________ _______ _____ has two parts, the use case diagram and the use case description. Here's a simple example of an account holder interacting with a Banking ATM. Agile Methodology - ANSWER Most flexible of all development methodologies Software components delivered early and often Iterative, incremental approach Variations: Scrum, Extreme Programming DevOps: DEVelopment and IT OPerations - ANSWER Emphasizes collaboration between software developers, operators and testers involved in the development and operations of information systems Developed to address gap in communication and collaboration Creates culture where building, testing and delivery of a system can happen quickly, frequently and reliably Lowers failure rate of new releases Shortens time to market
Projects - ANSWER Clearly defined scope, deliverables, and results. Estimated time frame or schedule subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Estimated budget subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Requirement of extensive interaction among participants. Tasks that may compete or conflict with other business activities. Risky but with a high profit potential or benefits. Operations - ANSWER Business as usual The five phases of the project management life cycle. - ANSWER All projects, IT or otherwise, move through five phases of the project management life cycle. What distinguishes a project from day-to-day operations? - ANSWER 1. Projects differ from operations or business as usual based on these characteristics of a project: Clearly defined scope, deliverables, and results An estimated time frame or schedule that is subject to a high degree of uncertainty An estimated budget that is subject to a high degree of uncertainty The requirement of extensive interaction among participants Tasks that may compete or conflict with other business activities, which makes planning and scheduling difficult Risky but with a high profit potential or benefits What are the three components of the triple constraint? - ANSWER 2. The triple constraint refers to the three attributes that must be managed effectively for successful completion and closure of any project:
Scope. The project scope is the definition of what the project is supposed to accomplish— its outcomes or deliverables. Scope is measured in terms of the project size, goals, and requirements. Time. A project is made up of tasks. Each task has a start date and an end date. The duration of a project extends from the start date of the first task to the finish date of the last task. Time needed to produce the deliverables is naturally related to the scope and availability of resources allocated to the project. Cost. This is the estimation of the amount of money that will be required to complete the project. Cost itself encompasses various things, such as resources, labor rates for contractors, risk estimates, and bills of materials, et cetera. All aspects of the project that have a monetary component are made part of the overall cost structure. Projects are approved subject to their costs. What are the five process groups in the project management life cycle? - ANSWER 3. The five phases or process groups of project management are: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring/Controlling and Closing. Why is it important to use a structured project management approach to IT projects? - ANSWER 4. Not using a structured project management approach is the biggest IT project mistake a business can make. Project management helps keep projects on schedule and on budget. A good project management plan identifies anticipated costs early on to develop a realistic budget. Using resource conflict solutions, project managers can minimize the effect of funding a new project on operating capital by optimizing the allocation of workers. Coordinating tasks and clearly identifying goals or deliverables within phases reduce inefficiencies in time management that can result in being over budget. the triple constraint - ANSWER scope time cost
Responsibility Matrix - ANSWER Shows who has primary responsibility and who has support responsibility for the activities listed in the WBS. If the business case is accepted, what document is prepared? - ANSWER If the business case is accepted, a statement of work (SOW) is prepared. What events are used to manage the project work effort, monitor results, and report a meaningful status to project stakeholders? - ANSWER 2. Milestones are used to manage the project work effort, monitor results, and report meaningful status to project stakeholders. What shows who has primary responsibility and who has support responsibility for the tasks listed in the WBS? - ANSWER 3. A responsibility matrix shows who has primary responsibility and who has support responsibility for the activities listed in the WBS. What is the type of bar chart that shows the timeline of the project schedule? - ANSWER 4. A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart that graphically displays the project schedule. Project Monitoring: Status Report - ANSWER Prepared and reviewed to check on the progress of the project Typically prepared once a week Can include a summary of the project status, work planned, work completed, open issues, open risks, status of project milestones and deliverables, open change requests, project KPIs, schedule status and cost status Project Controlling: Changes - ANSWER Is the piling up of small changes that by
themselves are manageable but in aggregate are significant Contributes to overages in budget, deadline, and/or resources Standard project management approaches reduce scope creep Integrated Change Control is Required to defend: - ANSWER Approved/rejected change requests Updates to the project plan/scope Approved corrective and preventive actions Approved/validated defect repair Integrated Change Control - ANSWER Process helps to manage the disruption resulting from requested changes and corrective actions across the project life cycle. Critical Path Analysis - ANSWER Consists of all tasks from project start to finish that must be completed on time in order for the project to finish on time. Project Closing or Post Mortem - ANSWER Project closure does not benefit the completed project. The enterprise and people who worked on the project benefit from lessons learned. Post-project reviews, or post mortems, identify the reasons the project was successful or not, strengths and weaknesses of the project plan, how problems were detected and resolved, and how the project was successful in spite of them.
cost control scope control - ANSWER managing and negotiating changes in response to scope creep recommending corrective actions quality control - ANSWER monitoring project deliverables to verify that quality standards and specifications are not being compromised schedule control - ANSWER managing factors that can cause delays or schedule changes cost control - ANSWER managing factors that can cause changes to the cost baseline
