Quaternary Structure: Bonds Between SEPARATE Chains
● Interactions between polypeptide subunits
● Subunit = single polypeptide chain part of a large complex with many subunits
○ Multisubunit complex
● Types of bonds in quaternary structures
○ Non-covalent
○ Van der waals
○ Hydrogen bonds
○ Disulfide bonds
○ Electrostatic interactions
○ NO PEPTIDE BONDS
CARBOHYDRATES
Can be broken down into CO2 via oxidation (burning or combustion)
- This process releases ↑ energy, which is why carbs are principal energy source for
cellular oxidation
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
● Single carbohydrate molecule = monosaccharide = “single sweet unit” = simple sugar
○ C n H 2n O n
● Disaccharide = two monosaccharides bonded together
● Oligosaccharide = few monosaccharides bonded together
● Polysaccharide = many monosaccharides bonded together
