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MCB 2010C MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REAL EXAM WITH KAHOOT QUESTION
AND ANSWERS 2024 FWS
Which of the following are CORRECT regarding naming microorganisms? (Select all that apply) contains a genus and species name should be italicized when typed the genus name should have the first letter capitalized Robert Koch proved that bacteria can cause disease Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed the first microorganisms Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin Robert Hooke Discovered cells
Rudolph Virchow suggested biogenesis Louis Pasteur Pasteurization Edward Jenner Smallpox vaccine John Needham Spontaneous generation can occur under the right conditions Joseph Lister aseptic surgery Which of the following are considered the basic or most common shapes of bacteria? (Select all that apply) bacillus coccus spiral
Which microscope is especially useful in studying detailed surface structures of intact cells and viruses? scanning electron microscope Before microorganisms are stained, MOST appear ________ when viewed with brightfield microscopy. colorless The chromophore of basic dyes is ________ and is ________ to MOST types of bacteria. positively charged; attracted Which one of the following is NOT a kind of staining technique? selective The process of fixing a slide attaches the microorganisms while simultaneously killing the organisms A technique used for preparing a slide with colorless bacteria against a colored background is called negative staining What is the mordant in the gram stain? Iodine What is the mordant in the gram stain? Iodine
Capsules are stained using a(n) negative stain What color are gram-negative bacteria at the completion of the Gram staining process? red The appearance of Mycobacterium leprae after they are stained with an acid-fast stain is __________. bright pink The atomic nucleus contains protons and neutrons How many electrons can be held in the second shell? 8 An isotope of oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic weight of 18. How many neutrons does it have? 10 A bond formed from the attraction between ions of opposite charge is called a(n) ionic bond
In addition to peptidoglycan, the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria contain teichoic acid A bacterium possessing a tuft of flagella at one end of its cell is called lophotrichous flagella at both ends amphitrichous a single flagella at one end of the cell monotrichous flagella all over the surface of the bacterial cell peritrichous Which structure protects pathogenic or infectious bacteria from phagocytosis (being engulfed by white blood cells)? capsule Spirochetes move by means of axial filaments Which of the following is NOT a part of a flagellum?
fimbriae Which of the following structures allows a bacterial cell to survive adverse environmental conditions? endospores Which of the following is a specific way to move materials across prokaryotic plasma membranes? group translocation Water has an unequal distribution of charges and is called a(n) polar molecule In a dehydration synthesis reaction, atoms, ions, or molecules are combined to form a larger molecule. In a decomposition or hydrolysis reaction a larger molecule is broken down into smaller parts The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones is called anabolism What happens to enzyme activity at temperatures above optimum but before denaturation? enzyme activity decreases
use electrons from reduced inorganic or organic compounds as a source of energy and CO2 as a source of carbon. chemoautotrophs Which of the following uses light for energy and alcohols for carbon? photoheterotrophs Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy? chemoautotroph Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy? chemoheterotroph Organisms that follow the standard photosynthesis pathway use CO2 for carbon and light for energy, so that makes them __________. photoautotrophs A substance that dissociates into H+ and Cl- in water is an example of a(n) Acid A bacterial cell that grows best at pH 7 is a __ neutrophile A psychrophile has an optimal growth temperature in which of the following environments?
supercooled waters Organisms that require high salt concentrations for growth are called obligate halophiles Some microorganisms use gaseous nitrogen directly from the atmosphere in a process called nitrogen fixation An organism that uses oxygen when present but can grow without oxygen is called a(n) facultative anaerobe Which organism is killed by atmospheric oxygen? obligate anaerobe Generation time can best be defined as the time it takes for a cell to divide In which one of the following growth phases is there intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population? lag phase In the stationary phase, the number of microbial deaths is equal to the
dry weight Which of the following is a direct measurement method that tests for living and dead cells? direct microscopic count The removal or destruction of all living organisms is called sterilization The destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects is called Disinfection Which treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to save public health levels? sanitization The absence of significant contamination on an object or in an area is referred to as aseptic Commercial sterilization is a limited heat treatment to destroy Clostridium botulinum endospores Damage to which one of the following structures causes cellular contents to leak into the surrounding medium? plasma membrane
To sterilize heat-sensitive solutions such as culture media, enzymes, and vaccines, one should use filtration Which method kills microorganisms primarily by denaturation? moist heat The lowest temperature at which all of the microorganisms in a particular liquid suspension will be killed in 10 minutes is called the thermal death point Which of the following have little value as antiseptics, but are used to mechanically remove microbes? soaps Which one of the following damages the plasma membrane of a cell and was first used by Lister to control surgical infections? phenol Which of the following is TRUE for the disk-diffusion test? The zone of inhibition is measured and the larger the number the more effective it is Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in an RNA molecule? Thymine
Mutations in which one or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA are called frameshift mutations Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a bacterial cell donor to a recipient bacterial cell via _________. naked DNA in solution The process in which bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a bacteriophage (bacterial virus) is called transduction The process for gene transfer which requires cell-to-cell contact is called conjugation A medicine binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome. What does this medicine do? Blocks translation in prokaryotes What type of mutation likely follows from thymine dimer formation? Frameshift mutation Bacteria and archaea share which of the following characteristics? They both are prokaryotic cell types In the scientific name Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus is the
Genus What is the difference between a species and a strain? A species is a population with similar characteristics and a strain is variation within a population of cells of the same species Biochemical tests are used to determine enzymatic activities The test that involves a reaction between known antibodies and an unknown bacterium is known as ELISA Which of the following techniques can identify antibodies in a patient's serum? Western blotting Cladograms for classification of microorganisms are made from information derived from rRNA sequences Treating DNA from different bacteria with the same restriction enzyme followed by separation of the fragments by electrophoresis to show a pattern is known as DNA fingerprinting What process can be used to increase the amount of microbial DNA to levels that can be tested by gel electrophoresis and is one method especially useful if the organism cannot be cultured?
Which one of the following is an example of a latent viral infection in humans shingles The enzyme that uses viral RNA as a template to produce complementary double-stranded DNA is reverse transcriptase Viruses capable of inducing cancerous tumors in animals are called oncogenic viruses. The ability of retroviruses to induce tumors is related to which enzyme? reverse transcriptase A viroid is a A naked, infectious piece of RNA Scrapie is an example of a ________ disease found in sheep and caused by a prion. neurological Which one of the following is NOT true about normal microbiota? They are present only for a relatively short time
Escherichia coli synthesizing vitamins K and B in the large intestine would be an example of which type of symbiosis? mutualism Normal microbiota can benefit the host by preventing the overgrowth of harmful microorganisms. This is called microbial antagonism In commensalism, one organism benefits, and the other is unaffected Diseases NOT transmitted from one host to another are called noncommunicable A patient experiences pain and discomfort. These changes in the patient's body function are referred to as symptoms What term is used to describe a disease that develops slowly and is likely to continue for long periods? chronic A disease acquired by many people in a given area in a relatively short period of time is called a(n) epidemic
