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Molecular Polarity and Bonding, Exercises of Chemistry

16 questions related to molecular polarity and bonding, including identifying bond types based on electronegativity differences, determining the polarity of molecules, ranking the polarity of bonds, and identifying molecular geometries. It includes detailed explanations and answers.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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mcdonald (pam78654) HW 3A: Molecules laude (89560) 1
This print-out should have 16 questions.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.
001 10.0 points
Based only on the difference in electronega-
tivity (∆EN) identify the types of the labeled
bonds in the molecule below, from left to
right:
C
H
H
2
B
H
H1
C
S
b
b
b
b
3
O H
1. ionic, non-polar covalent, ionic
2. polar covalent, non-polar covalent, non-
polar covalent
3. polar covalent, non-polar covalent, polar
covalent correct
4. ionic, polar covalent, polar covalent
5. non-polar covalent, non-polar covalent,
polar covalent
Explanation:
The B-H bond will have a ∆EN of less than
2 but more than zero, and thus will be a
polar covalent bond. The C-C bond will have
a ∆EN of zero, and thus will be non-polar
covalent. The C=S bond will have a ∆EN of
less than 1 but more than zero, and thus will
be polar covalent.
002 10.0 points
Which of the following molecules is/are po-
lar?
I) C
F
H
C
F
H
II) C
F
H
C
H
F
III) C
F
F
C
H
H
1. III only
2. II only
3. II, III
4. I, II, III
5. I, III correct
6. I only
7. I, II
Explanation:
Molecule II is symmetrical and therefore its
individual dipole moments cancel, making it
non-polar. Molecules I and III are asymmet-
rical and therefore polar.
003 10.0 points
Which of the following is the correct Lewis
structure for ethene (C2H4)?
1. C
H
H
H
C H
2. C
H
H
C
H
H
pf3
pf4

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This print-out should have 16 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page – find all choices before answering.

001 10.0 points Based only on the difference in electronega- tivity (∆EN) identify the types of the labeled bonds in the molecule below, from left to right:

C

H

H

B

H

H

C

bS b bb 3

O H

  1. ionic, non-polar covalent, ionic
  2. polar covalent, non-polar covalent, non- polar covalent
  3. polar covalent, non-polar covalent, polar covalent correct
  4. ionic, polar covalent, polar covalent
  5. non-polar covalent, non-polar covalent, polar covalent

Explanation: The B-H bond will have a ∆EN of less than 2 but more than zero, and thus will be a polar covalent bond. The C-C bond will have a ∆EN of zero, and thus will be non-polar covalent. The C=S bond will have a ∆EN of less than 1 but more than zero, and thus will be polar covalent.

002 10.0 points Which of the following molecules is/are po- lar?

I) C

F

H

C

F

H

II) C

F

H

C

H

F

III) C

F

F

C

H

H

  1. III only
  2. II only
  3. II, III
  4. I, II, III
  5. I, III correct
  6. I only
  7. I, II

Explanation: Molecule II is symmetrical and therefore its individual dipole moments cancel, making it non-polar. Molecules I and III are asymmet- rical and therefore polar.

003 10.0 points Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for ethene (C 2 H 4 )?

1. C

H

H

H

C H

2. C

H

H

C

H

H

3. C

H

H

H

C H

4. C

H

H

C

H

H

correct

Explanation:

004 10.0 points Rank the labeled bonds in the molecule below from least to most polar.

C

c

b N

bb

H

e

O

bb bb H (^) a

Sbbb^ b

d b b Sbb

H

  1. c < d < e < b < a
  2. c < e < b < a < c
  3. d < c < e < b < a correct
  4. d < c < b < e < a
  5. c < d < e < a < b

Explanation: Bonds a, b, c, d, and e have a ∆EN of 1.4, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0, and 0.9, respectively.

005 10.0 points Rank the following by the polarity of their bonds, from most polar to least: LiH, NH 3 , BH 3 , HF.

  1. NH 3 > HF > BH 3 > LiH
  2. HF > LiH > NH 3 > BH 3 correct
  3. NH 3 > BH 3 > HF > LiH
  4. BH 3 > HF > LiH > NH 3
    1. LiH > NH 3 > BH 3 > HF Explanation: Note that all of the bonds within both NH 3 , BH 3 are identical to each other and the fact that there are multiple bonds does not change the polarity of the individual bonds. The ∆EN for LiH, NH 3 , BH 3 , HF are 1.2, 0.8, 0.2, 1.8, respectively. Arranged from greatest to least: HF > LiH > NH 3 > BH 3.

006 10.0 points In which of the following do the unbonded electron pairs not distort the bond angles?

  1. H 2 O
  2. I 3 −^ correct
  3. SF 4
  4. NH 3
  5. O 3 Explanation: All of the choices except I− 3 have asymmet- rically placed non-bonding electron pairs on their central atoms and thus have distorted bond angles. I− 3 has three non-bonding elec- tron pairs in equatorial positions and thus has a single bond angle of exactly 180◦.

007 10.0 points Which of the following is most likely to form multiple (double or triple) bonds?

  1. F
  2. Cl
  3. Li
  4. N correct
  5. H Explanation: Hydrogen can form only one bond, so it can immediately be ruled out as the correct

bond.

  1. more; the C-H bond in CHF 3 is a non- polar bond.
  2. less; the three polar C-F bonds are sym- metrical and cancel the dipole moments.
  3. less; the tetrahedral geometry decreases the polarity of C-F bonds.

Explanation: Since F is more electronegative than I, a C-F bond will have a greater difference in electronegativities than a C-I bond.

014 10.0 points Which of the following only has bond angles of 90◦^ and 180◦?

  1. IF 5
  2. BrF 3 correct
  3. BCl 3
  4. NO− 3
  5. ICl+ 4

Explanation: BrF 3 exhibits T-shaped molecular geome- try.

015 10.0 points How many σ (sigma) and how many π (pi) bonds are there in the Lewis structure of the following organic molecule?

C

C

H H

C

bO b bb

b b Obb

H

H C C

  1. 10; 4 correct
  2. 14; 0
  3. 6; 4 Explanation:

016 10.0 points Determine the electronegativity difference, the probable bond type, and the more electronegative atom with respect to bonds formed between between the pair of atoms H and F.

  1. 3.1; polar covalent; H
  2. 6.1; ionic; H
  3. 3.1; ionic; H
  4. 3.1; ionic; F
  5. 6.1; ionic; F
  6. 1.9; polar covalent; F
  7. 1.9; ionic; F correct
  8. 1.9; ionic; H
  9. 1.9; polar covalent; H
  10. 3.1; polar covalent; F Explanation: The electronegativity for F is 4.0. The electronegativity for H is 2.1. electronegativity difference = 4.0 − 2.1 = 1. A bond with an electronegativity difference of 1.9 is of the polar covalent type. F is the more negative atom.