Download MD3001 Part 2 Exam Questions With Complete Answers and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
MD3001 Part 2 Exam Questions With
Complete Answers
Upper respiratory tract - Answer Contains the Nose, nasopharynxLower respiratory tract - Answer Contains the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveolar ducts, pulmonary alveoli, alveolar sacconducting division - Answer contains the nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree respiratory division - Answer contains the alveolar ducts, pulmonaryalveoli, alveolar sac nasal cavity - Answer box made of bone and cartilage to hold thecavity open. nares - Answer anterior opening of the nasal cavity supported bycartilages nasal vestibule - Answer nasal cavity superior to nostrils. lined withskin that has hair follicles vibrissae - Answer hair specific to the nasal cavityseptum - Answer medial wall of the nasal cavity vomer and ethmoid - Answer bones of the nasal septum nasal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid - Answer bones of the roof of thenasal cavity palatine and maxilla - Answer bones of the floor of the nasal cavity conchae and meatuses - Answer form the lateral wall of nasal nasalcavity. turbinates - Answer Bones that protrude into the nasal cavity- theyincrease surface area for filtering dust and dirt particles by the
mucous membrane. foramen caecum - Answer connection between nasal veins andsuperior sagittal sinus cribriform plate - Answer plate that contains the olfactory nerve sphenopalatine foramen - Answer contains sphenopalatine artery,nasopalatine nerve, superior nasal branches of the maxillary nerve small foramina in lateral wall - Answer contains the inferior nasalbranches form the greater palatine nerve incisive canal - Answer contains the nasopalatine nerve and terminalend of the greater palatine artery ethmoidal infundibulum (middle meatus) - Answer location ofdrainage of frontal sinus via frontonasal duct middle meatus - Answer location of drainage of the maxillary sinusbulla ethmoidalis and ethmoidal infundibulum (middle meatus) - Answer drainage of the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses superior meatus - Answer location of drainage of posterior ethmoidsinus sphenoethmoidal recess (superior meatus) - Answer drainage of thesphenoid sinus inferior meatus - Answer drainage of nasolacrimal duct terminal branches of maxillary and facial arteries and ethmoidalbranches of ophthalmic artery - Answer nasal cavity arterial supply by maxillary artery - Answer sphenopalatine artery originophthalmic artery - Answer anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery origin kiesselbach's area - Answer site of anataomosis of sphenopalatine
trigeminal nerve - Answer cranial nerve V v1 (supraorbital nerve) - Answer nerve stimulates frontal sinus v1 (nasocillary nerve) - Answer nerve supplies the ethmoidal sinus v1 (posterior ethmoidal nerve) - Answer nerve supplies the sphenoidsinus
v2 (infra orbital and posterior superior alveolar nerve) - Answernerve supplies the maxillary sinus
nasopharynx - Answer extends from the choanae to soft palate choanae - Answer posterior nasal apertures. between nasal cavitiesand nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic tube - Answer connects the middle ear to thenasopharynx
salphingopharyngeus and tensor veli palatini - Answer muscles thatopen the pharyngotympanic tube
tubal tonsils - Answer tonsils around the opening of thepharyngotympanic tube
pharyngeal recess - Answer common site for craniopharyngioma waldeyer's ring - Answer The ring of lymphatic tissue formed by thetwo palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, the lingual tonsil, and intervening lymphoid tissue. transport of air, protective sphincter, phonation - Answer 3 functionsof the larynx
c3-6 - Answer levels of the larynx laryngeal prominence - Answer thyroid angle (Adam's apple) muscle attachment - Answer the function of the oblique line on thethyroid cartilage
ridge - Answer location on cricoid cartilage for oesophagusattachment
depression - Answer location on cricoid cartilage for posteriorcirca-arytenoid muscle attachment
vocal process - Answer anterior on arytenoid cartilage. forattachment of the vocal cords
vestibule - Answer between the laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds saccule - Answer provides lubricating mucus for the vocal folds. infraglottic cavity - Answer between the vocal folds and the trachea rima glottis - Answer The opening between the vocal cords andmuscular processes of the arytenoid
extrinsic muscles - Answer extend between the larynx and pharynxand external structures
elevators of pharynx - Answer Salpingopharyngeus,palatopharyngeus, Stylopharyngeus
elevators of the larynx - Answer thyrohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric,stylohyoid
depressors of larynx - Answer sternothyroid, thyrohyoid,sternohyoid,
intrinsic muscles - Answer open/close laryngeal inlet, rim glottis andlengthen vocal cords.
Ary-epiglottic, there-epiglottic - Answer muscles that close thelaryngeal inlet
posterior cricoid-arytenoid muscle - Answer open vocal folds or rimaglottis (the only one)
thyro-arytenoid, lateral cricoid-arytenoid, transverse arytenoid -Answer muscles that close vocal folds or rims glottis
cricoid-thyroid muscles - Answer muscles that lengthen the vocalfolds (altering tension)
vocals muscle (part of thyro-arytenoid muscle) - Answer muscle thatalters the tension of the vocal cords (increased tension raises the pitch of the voice) vocal cords adducted. - Answer during phonation - larynx vocal cords and vestibular folds are adducted - Answer during effortclosure
Valsalva maneuver - Answer airway closed by lateralcricoid-arytenoid and transverse arytenoid.
hyoepiglottic ligament - Answer when larynx descends duringswallowing ligament allows it to spring back into place.
inferior thyroid veins - Answer which vein is at risk during a
lobar bronchi - Answer secondary bronchi segmental bronchi - Answer tertiary bronchi. passes to abroncho-pulmonary segment
bronchioles - Answer cause the greatest resistance to airflow in theconducting passages
lingula - Answer The region of the left lung that corresponds with theright middle lobe.
bronchopulmonary segments - Answer smallest functionally andstructurally independent units.
apical, anterior, posterior - Answer segments on the upper lobe ofthe lung
medial, lateral, superior, inferior - Answer segments on the middlelobe and lingula of the lung
apical, medial, lateral, anterior, posterior - Answer segments on thelower lobe of the lung
type I alveolar cells - Answer simple squamous cells where gasexchange occurs (diffusion)
Type II alveolar cells - Answer cells that produce surfactant thatreduce tendency for alveoli to collapse.
apical segment of inferior lobe - Answer segment that is most proneto pneumonia.
3rd posterior intercostal artery - Answer branch where the rightbronchial artery arises.
aorta - Answer branch from where the left bronchial artery arises vagus - Answer where parasympathetic fibres come from in thepulmonary plexus
sympathetic trunk - Answer where the sympathetic fibres come fromin the pulmonary plexus
2nd tracheal ring - Answer where to perform tracheostomy l1-2 - Answer level the left crus attaches to l1-3 - Answer level the right crus attaches to median arcuate ligament - Answer medial borders of the crura
aorta, thoracic duct, azygos and hemiazygos - Answer what passesthrough the aortic hiatus behind the median arcuate ligament
branches of left phrenic nerve, splanchnic nerves, azygos andhemiazygos - Answer what passes through the aortic hiatus through the crura sympathetic trunk - Answer what passes through the aortic hiatusbehind the medial arcuate ligament
phrenic nerve - Answer innervates the diaphragm C3-C phrenic nerve - Answer sensory from central tendon, parietal pleuraand pericardium
intercostal nerve - Answer sensory from the periphery of diaphragm inferior phrenic artery - Answer supplies the inferior diaphragm superior phrenic artery - Answer supplies the diaphragm from above chest pain, dyspnea, cough, sputum, haemoptysis, wheeze, systemicupset - Answer respiratory history of presenting complaint.
acute pulmonary oedema - Answer serous sputum. clear, watery,frothy, pink
cord/asthma - Answer mucoid sputum. clear, grey, white, viscid infection - Answer purulent sputum. yellow, green, brown pneumococcal pneumonia - Answer rusty sputum (red) change in appetite, weight loss, fever, tiredness - Answer questionsto ask in systemic upset.
7.5mmhg - Answer 1kPa is equal to on mmHg 7.35-7.45 - Answer normal arterial pH of blood 7.32-7.45 - Answer normal venous pH of blood 12-13kPa - Answer normal arterial pO 3.3-5.3kPa - Answer normal venous pO 4.5-5.6kPa - Answer normal arterial pCO
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - Answer P/F ratio lessthan 26.
compensation - Answer altering of function of the respiratory ir renalsystem in an attempt to correct an acid-base imbalance
acute severe asthma, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary oedema,anxiety - Answer causes of hyperventilation
alveolar ventilation - Answer the amount of air that reaches thealveoli
frequency x tidal volume - Answer ventilation rate = frequency x (tidal vol - dead space vol) - Answer alveolar ventilationrate =
external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, anterior serration,scaleni - Answer muscles that raise the rib cage in inhalation
Abdominal recti, internal intercostals - Answer muscles that lowerthe rib cage in exhalation
intrapleural pressure - Answer pressure of fluid in thin spacebetween the lung pleura and chest wall pleura
alveolar pressure - Answer pressure of air inside the lung alveoli. transplumonary pressure - Answer pressure difference between thatin the alveoli and that on the outer surfaces of the lungs.
static compliance - Answer the extent to which the lungs will expandfor each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure
surfactant - Answer complex mixture of phospholipids (DPPC andproteins)
spirometry - Answer method for studying pulmonary ventilation tidal volume - Answer volume of air inspired/expired with eachnormal breath
500ml - Answer typical tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume - Answer extra vol of air that can beinspired over and above normal tidal volume.
2500ml - Answer typical inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume - Answer max extra volume of air that can
total lung capacity - Answer vital capacity + residual volume 6l - Answer typical total lung capacity sex, obesity, age, frailty, respiratory disease, cardiovasculardisease, immunosuppression, diabetes (SO AFRAID) - Answer risks factors for COVID severe disease tocilizumab - Answer monoclonal antibody given for COVID STRAPP (steroids, tocilizumab, research trials ongoing,antiviral/antibodies, proving, positive pressure via CPAP) - Answer for acute management of COVID continuous postive airway pressure (CPAP) - Answer machine thatsupplies constant and steady air pressure through mask; keeps airways continuously open Nuremberg Code (1947) - Answer Ten guidelines for the ethicaltreatment of human subjects in research. voluntary consent of subject absolutely essential Declaration of Helsinki (1964) - Answer statement of ethicalprinciples for medical research involving human subjects, including research on identifiable human material and data
national research ethics service - Answer regulators body for humanresearch if involving the NHS
replacement, reduction, refinement - Answer 3rs in animal scientificprocedure act
palliative care - Answer approach that improves the quality go life ofpatents and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness 12 months - Answer how long will someone die when "approachingthe end of life"
advance statement - Answer a statement that sets down yourpreferences, wishes, beliefs and values regarding your future care. not legally binding but written down and respected. advance decision - Answer decision you can make now to refusespecific treatments in the future. legally binding only if valid and applicable. power of attorney - Answer patient nominates someone to makedecisions for them in the future. have to have capacity to appoint someone Lasting power of attorney - Answer ongoing POA for health andwelfare and/or property and finance.
