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Extensive 2025/2026 MDARD Michigan Core Pesticide Applicator study guide with certified qu, Exams of Public Health

MDARD pesticide exam 2025, Michigan applicator certification, IPM strategies, pesticide labeling, FIFRA compliance, safety procedures, PPE requirements, pesticide formulations, drift control, spill response, environmental risks, pesticide regulations, RUP handling

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MDARD Michigan Core Pesticide Applicator Exam.
Comprehensive Exam Study Guide Latest Updated
2025/2026.
100% Certified By an Expert
Using barriers to prevent pests from getting into an area is an example of which type of
pesticide management method? - ansMechanical
Making use of plant varieties that are naturally resistant to insect feeding is an example of
which type of pest management method? - ansGenetic
Which of the statements about biological control is true?
a) Modifying the environment to enhance natural enemies is recommended in bio control
b) Biological control involves importing exotic pests to control natural enemies
c) Using several cultural practices and a wide variety of pesticides works best in biological
control - ansa) Modifying the environment to enhance natural enemies is recommended in bio
control
Sealing building cracks and small openings is an example of what kind of pest management
method? - ansPhysical
Which statement about cultural control practices is true?
a) They reduce pest establishment, reproduction, and survival
b) They use naturally derived or synthesized chemicals to control pests
c) they involve the release of parasites and predators found in foreign countries - ansa) They
reduce pest establishment, reproduction, and survival
Monitoring pests at airports and ocean ports that pose a serious threat to public health or
widespread damage to crops or animals is an example of which type of pest management
method? - ansRegulatory
Which statements about pest management strategies in IPM is true?
a) The goal is to prevent pests from reaching damaging levels
b) Eradication is never the goal of an IPM program
c) Nonchemical methods are short-term solutions to control pests - ansa) The goal is to
prevent pests from reaching damaging levels
Which would be considered a preventative pest management strategy?
a) Planting weed- and disease-free seed on an athletic field
b) Releasing natural enemies to help reduce pest populations
c) Removing a pest that is a public health concern from an area - ansa) Planting weed- and
disease-free seed on an athletic field
Which statement about action thresholds is true?
a) The IPM technician needs to implement control measures below the action threshold level
b) The action threshold for a pest may be set at a 0 pest population density
c) In an urban landscape, action thresholds are usually more related to economics than
aesthetics - ansb) The action threshold for a pest may be set at a 0 pest population density
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Using barriers to prevent pests from getting into an area is an example of which type of pesticide management method? - ansMechanical Making use of plant varieties that are naturally resistant to insect feeding is an example of which type of pest management method? - ansGenetic Which of the statements about biological control is true? a) Modifying the environment to enhance natural enemies is recommended in bio control b) Biological control involves importing exotic pests to control natural enemies c) Using several cultural practices and a wide variety of pesticides works best in biological control - ansa) Modifying the environment to enhance natural enemies is recommended in bio control Sealing building cracks and small openings is an example of what kind of pest management method? - ansPhysical Which statement about cultural control practices is true? a) They reduce pest establishment, reproduction, and survival b) They use naturally derived or synthesized chemicals to control pests c) they involve the release of parasites and predators found in foreign countries - ansa) They reduce pest establishment, reproduction, and survival Monitoring pests at airports and ocean ports that pose a serious threat to public health or widespread damage to crops or animals is an example of which type of pest management method? - ansRegulatory Which statements about pest management strategies in IPM is true? a) The goal is to prevent pests from reaching damaging levels b) Eradication is never the goal of an IPM program c) Nonchemical methods are short-term solutions to control pests - ansa) The goal is to prevent pests from reaching damaging levels Which would be considered a preventative pest management strategy? a) Planting weed- and disease-free seed on an athletic field b) Releasing natural enemies to help reduce pest populations c) Removing a pest that is a public health concern from an area - ansa) Planting weed- and disease-free seed on an athletic field Which statement about action thresholds is true? a) The IPM technician needs to implement control measures below the action threshold level b) The action threshold for a pest may be set at a 0 pest population density c) In an urban landscape, action thresholds are usually more related to economics than aesthetics - ansb) The action threshold for a pest may be set at a 0 pest population density

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Which would increase the likelihood of pesticide resistance? a) An insect that has 1 generation per year b) Continual use of pesticides from the same chemical class c) Applying a pesticide that has little or no residual effect - ansb) Continual use of pesticides from the same chemical class Which statement about FIFRA is false? a) it provides the overall framework for the federal pesticide regulatory program b) it prevents states, tribes, and territories from creating laws that are stricter than federal regulations c) it allows applicators to deviate from the pesticide label under specific use situations - ansb) it prevents states, tribes, and territories from creating laws that are stricter than federal regulations Under federal law, which statement about trained and certified applicators is true? a) They may apply and/or supervise the application of RUPs b) They must receive supplemental training before mixing RUPs c) they are exempt from obtaining county bulletins for the protection of endangered species - ansa) They may apply and/or supervise the application of RUPs What is the purpose of the registration and reregistration process? - ansTo provide evidence that the pesticide will not cause unreasonable risks to human health or the environment T/F- Approved pesticide labels have the force of law - ansTrue Which of the following criteria is used by EPA in establishing pesticide tolerances? a) Research data completely independent of the pesticide manufacturer b) The anticipated volume of product to be sold in any given year c) The toxicity of the pesticide and its breakdown products - ansc) The toxicity of the pesticide and its breakdown products Under federal law, which is unlawful and subject to civil or criminal penalties? a) Allowing a person under the direct supervision of a certified applicator to apply RUPs b) detaching, altering, defacing, or destroying any part of a container or labeling c) Keeping inadequate records of employees who received training on the proper use of pesticides - ansb) detaching, altering, defacing, or destroying any part of a container or labeling Which federal regulation requires employee training in the use of pesticides? - ansWPS (Workers protection standard) Which group of pesticides is exempt from registration because it poses little or no risk to humans and the environment? - ansMinimum risk pesticides

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a) difficult to handle, transport, and store b) require constant agitation to keep in suspension c) solvents may cause rubber or plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts, and other surfaces to deteriorate - ansc) solvents may cause rubber or plastic hoses, gaskets, pump parts, and other surfaces to deteriorate Which dry/solid formulation is mixed in water and reduces the risk of inhalation exposure during mixing and loading? - ansWater-dispersible granule (WDG) or dry flowable (DF) Which type of dry/solid pesticide formulation consists of particles that are the same weight and shape? - anspellet Which is an advantage of microencapsulated materials? a) delayed or slow release of active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness b) their pesticidal activity is independent of weather conditions c) they usually require only short restricted entry intervals - ansa) delayed or slow release of active ingredient prolongs their effectiveness Which type of adjuvant functions as a wetting agent and spreader (ie physically altering the surface tension of spray droplets)? - anssurfactant Which type of adjuvant increases the viscosity of spray mixtures? - ansthickener What is A an abbreviation for? - ansAerosol What is AF an abbreviation for? - ansAqueous Flowable What is B an abbreviation for? - ansbait What is C an abbreviation for? - ansconcentrate What is D an abbreviation for? - ansDust What is DF an abbreviation for? - ansDry flowable What is E or EC an abbreviation for? - ansemulsifiable concentrate What is F an abbreviation for? - ansflowable What is G an abbreviation for? - ansgranules What is GL an abbreviation for? - ansgel What is L an abbreviation for? - ansliquid What is LC an abbreviation for? - ansliquid concentrate What is LV an abbreviation for? - anslow volatile What is M an abbreviation for? - ansmicroencapsulated What is P or PS an abbreviation for? - anspellets What is RTU an abbreviation for? - ansready to use What is S an abbreviation for? - anssolution What is SP an abbreviation for? - anssoluble powder What is ULV an abbreviation for? - ansultra low volume What is W or WP an abbreviation for? - answettable powder What is WDG an abbreviation for? - answater-dispersible granules What is WSC an abbreviation for? - answater-soluble concentrate

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What is WSL an abbreviation for? - answater-soluble liquid What is WSP an abbreviation for? - answater-soluble powder Advantages and disadvantages of EC? - ansADV

  • easy to transport, handle, store
  • easy to pour/measure
  • little agitation required
  • Not abrasive
  • will not plug nozzles
  • leave little visible residue DISADV
  • high concentration of AI --> easy overdose
  • may damage treated plants or surfaces
  • easily absorbed thru skin
  • spills difficult to decontaminate
  • strong odor
  • solvents may wear equipment
  • flammable/corrosive Advantages and disadvantages of RTU S? - ansadv
  • convenient
  • often sold with application equipment
  • less exposure risk disadv
  • limited availability
  • high cost Advantages and disadvantages of C, LC, or WSC/WSL - ansadv
  • easy to handle, transport, store
  • no agitation necessary
  • not abrasive
  • do not plug nozzles
  • do not leave visible residue disadv
  • limited availability
  • spills difficult to decontaminate
  • easily absorbed thru skin Advantages and Disadvantages of ULV - ansadv
  • easy to handle, transport, store
  • little/no agitation necessary

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Advantages and Disadvantages of D - ansadv

  • usually RTU
  • good alternative where L could cause damage
  • applied with simple equip
  • effective for hard to reach indoor areas disadv
  • high drift risk
  • residues do not adhere as well as liquid
  • high inhalation risk
  • dampness causes clogs
  • some equipment hard to calibrate
  • difficult to get even distribution of particles Advantages and Disadvantages of G - ansadv
  • RTU, no mixing
  • drift hazard low
  • low application hazard
  • simple application
  • may break down more slowly disadv
  • application equip needs calibration often (uneven particle size)
  • uniform application difficult
  • granules do not stick to foliage/uneven surfaces
  • may need moisture to release AI
  • may be hazardous to non-target species
  • bulky Advantages and Disadvantages of W or WP - ansadv
  • easy to transport, handle, store
  • less likely than ECs and petroleum-based formulations to harm treated surfaces
  • not phytotoxic
  • less absorptive disadv
  • not easy to measure, must be weighed
  • not easy to mix
  • inhalation hazard when mixing
  • needs constant agitation when in suspension
  • abrasive
  • clogs

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  • residues visible on treated surfaces Advantages and Disadvantages of B - ansadv
  • RTU
  • attracts pest, dont need to cover huge area
  • controls mobile pests disadv
  • risk to children and pets
  • may kill non-target wildlife
  • requires careful placement/inspection
  • dead vertebrate pests may cause odor problem
  • must be removed when stops working
  • may not always work if pest has other food sources Advantages and Disadvantages of fumigants - ansadv
  • toxic to wide range of pests
  • can penetrate cracks, crevices, etc
  • single treatment will kill most pests disadv
  • target site must be enclosed to prevent gas from escaping
  • nonspecific and highly toxic
  • high inhalation risk
  • require lots of PPE
  • may require special application equipment
  • some temp requirments Advantages and Disadvantages of M - ansadv
  • coatings help protect applicator
  • easy to handle, transport, store
  • timed release of AI prolongs effectiveness
  • reduced volatility
  • reduced odor
  • less likely to stain
  • reduced phytotoxicity disadv
  • constant agitation may be required
  • risk of harming bees
  • long restricted-entry or preharvest intervals Advantages and Disadvantages of WSP or WSB - ansadv
  • accurate, premeasured doses

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c) phenoxy herbicides, such as 2,4-D - ansa) Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides Which statement about what happens to pesticides inside the body is true? a) most pesticides used today are stored in our body fat b) the kidneys filter pesticides from the blood into the urine c) most chemical breakdown of toxic substances takes place wherever the pesticide is first absorbed - ansb) the kidneys filter pesticides from the blood into the urine Which statement about pesticide exposure routes is true? a) studies show that about 97% of all body exposure to pesticides during a spraying operation is by inhalation b) eating, drinking, smoking without first washing hands after handling pesticides is likely to transfer the product to your mouth c) the palms and forearms absorb pesticides more quickly than the scalp, ear canal, and forehead - ansb) eating, drinking, smoking without first washing hands after handling pesticides is likely to transfer the product to your mouth Which statement about first aid response for pesticide exposure to the eye is false? a) you should hold the eye open and immediately begin gently washing it b) you should drip water directly into the eye c) you should flush under the eyelid with water to remove debris - ansb) you should drip water directly into the eye What is the first thing you should do to help a victim of inhalation exposures? a) get the victim to fresh air b) administer artificial respiration c) have the victim lie down and loosen clothing - ansa) get the victim to fresh air Which statement about heat stress is true? a) Wearing extra PPE prevents heat stress b) Constricted pupils is a symptom of heat stress c) lack of sweat is a symptom of heatstroke - ansc) lack of sweat is a symptom of heatstroke If oral or dermal exposure has occurred, first objective is to... - ansrinse exposed area with water to dilute the pesticide and to prevent absorption If inhalation exposure has occurred... - ansget victim to fresh air immediately if pesticides get on the skin... - ans-remove all contaminated clothing immediately

  • wash affected area with water and soap, avoid harsh scrubbing
  • gently dry and wrap in loose clothing
  • if chemical burn, wrap loosely with clean soft cloth, do not apply ointments

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if pesticides get in the eyes - ans-hold eyelid open and immediately begin washing with drips clean water

  • drip water across--NOT DIRECTLY INTO--the eye
  • continuously rinse eye for 15 minutes
  • flush under eyelid to remove debris
  • cover eye with clean cloth and seek medical attention immediately if pesticide inhaled - ans-immediately carry victim to fresh air DO NOT ALLOW THEM TO WALK
  • have victim lie down, loosen clothing
  • keep victim warm and quiet, do not allow to get chilled or overheated
  • if victim convulsing, protect head, turn head to side, watch that breathing continues DO NOT ATTEMPT TO INSERT SOMETHING IN MOUTH WHILE SEIZING
  • keep person's chin up to ensure air passage clear
  • if breathing stops or is irregular, artificial respiration if pesticide swallowed or in mouth - ans-give victim large amount of water or milk
  • ONLY INDUCE VOMITING IF LABEL INSTRUCTS NEVER induce vomiting if victim
  • is unconscious or seizing
  • swallowed corrosive poison
  • has swallowed EC or oil product dissolved in petroleum solvents Hazard equation - anshazard = toxicity x exposure Symptoms of heat stroke/stress - ans-fatigue, exhaustion, muscle weakness
  • dizziness or fainting
  • clammy hot, dry skin
  • altered behavior, confusion, slurred speech, irrationality
  • headache, nausea, chills
  • heavy sweating--> complete lack of sweating Which statement about PPE requirements listed on the pesticide label is true? a) A label may have different PPE requirements for pesticide handlers and early-entry workers b) You are not required to wear all the PPE listed on the label c) Wearing the PPE listed on the label eliminates your exposure to pesticides - ansa) A label may have different PPE requirements for pesticide handlers and early-entry workers Which part of the product formulation determines what glove type is needed? a) active ingredient b) surfactants c) solvents - ansc) solvents

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  • temperature
  • product itself Good work practices- coveralls - ans-make sure coverall is durable and does not rip, puncture, tear easily
  • wash before reuse- separate from other laundry
  • protect from excess heat when wearing additional layers of clothing good work practices- footwear - ans-never wear open-toed shoes
  • wear heavy duty rubber boots
  • put pant legs outside of boot to prevent pesticide from becoming trapped in footwear
  • do not use footwear used with pesticides for anything else
  • do not wear work footwear home good work practices- gloves - ans-wear waterproof or chemical resistant gloves when applying
  • check gloves for holes by filling with water
  • wear gloves wherever pesticide residue might get on your hands
  • wear gloves according to type of arm movements will be making when handling pesticides
  • wash gloves before taking them off between tasks
  • replace gloves immediately if get torn
  • change gloves often to avoid contamination
  • rinse gloves before trashing Good work practices-eyewear - ans-minimum eyewear is safety glasses
  • if goggles required, have eyewash dispenser immediately available
  • consult eye doctor if wear contact lenses List and describe the 3 levels of oil degradation resistance of Non powered APR particulate filters - ans-N series- not oil-resistant
  • R series- oil resistant up to 8 hours
  • P series are oil-proof Describe the 2 types of purifying elements for air purifying respirators (APRs) - ans- particulate filters- remove dusts, aerosols, or sprays suspended in the air
  • chemical cartridges or canisters- remove contaminant-specific gases and vapors Laundering woven work clothes guidelines - ans-outdoors, shake any dry material, hang to air out
  • wash work clothes separately
  • load only a few items into washing machine so plenty of water and agitation
  • use hot water and highest water level
  • prerinse items
  • use heavy-duty detergent

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  • run on heaviest cycle, use 2 cycles
  • discard heavily contaminated garments
  • line dry outdoors if possible
  • run additional cycle between loads before doing household laundry Which property of a pesticide would make it more likely to move in surface water runoff? a) high solubility b) high absorption c) high volatility - ansa) high solubility Which statement about movement of pesticides from the application site is true? a) Drift is seldom an issue with indoor applications b) Runoff and erosion are sources of surface water contamination by pesticides c) leaching is the main way that pesticides move great distances - ansb) Runoff and erosion are sources of surface water contamination by pesticides Which is an example of nonpoint-source contamination of groundwater? a) back-siphoning of pesticide spills at a wellhead b) leaching from a pesticide mixing area c) pesticides that dissolve and leach through soil after it rains - ansc) pesticides that dissolve and leach through soil after it rains Under which conditions are pesticides more likely to leach through soil? a) heavy clay soil, high in organic matter b) sandy soil, high in organic matter c) sandy soil, low in organic matter - ansc) sandy soil, low in organic matter Which best management practice will help prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater by pesticides? a) using pesticides that are highly water-soluble b) Following IPM principles c) selecting persistant pesticides - ansb) Following IPM principles Which 2 factors are most important in avoiding vapor drift? a) Droplet size and wind speed b) air stability and temperature c) temperature and pesticide volatility - ansc) temperature and pesticide volatility Which statement about sensitive areas is true? a) do not spray a larger target site if it contains a sensitive area

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  • too much rainwater or irrigation
  • highly soluble or persistent pesticides used Factors that affect amount of spray drift - ans-droplet size (larger sizes drift less)
  • thickness of liquid (thicker liquid, larger droplets)
  • height at which pesticide is sprayed (closer to ground, less drift)
  • wind direction**
  • wind speed**
  • temperature and RH When is the best time to apply pesticides, relative to spray drift potential - ansearly morning and evening, because windy conditions are more likely to occur around midday, when temp near ground increases (convection) Describe how temperature inversion can result in spray drift traveling very long distance - ansair above ground cooler than air above it, stable condition and little/no vertical air movement traps small droplets in dense cloud, cloud can move long distances esp when wind speed increases most likely to occur early evening List and describe the types of pesticide drift (3) - ans-spray drift- off-target movement of pesticide during a liquid application, most frequent
  • vapor drift- off-target movement of pesticide as gaseous vapor, volatilized pesticides can travel farther than spray, increases with temperature
  • particle drift-off-target movement of solid particles in air during or just after application list and describe the 2 sources of surface or ground water contamination - ans-point-source- comes from a specific, identifiable location (ie- spill entering storm sewer, contaminated water entering sinkhole, improper disposal at storage sites)
  • nonpoint-source- comes from a widespread area (ie movement of pesticides into streams or groundwater after broadcast spraying in right-of-way List the factors affecting runoff and erosion rates - ans-slope
  • vegetative cover
  • soil characteristics
  • volume and rate of water moving downslope
  • temperature
  • rainfall amount and intensity Pesticide characteristics that influence leaching - ans-solubility (high solubility-->more leaching)
  • adsorption (low adsorption --> more leaching)

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  • persistence (high persistence --> more leeching) Soil characteristics that influence leaching/groundwater contamination - ans-texture- relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles (sandy soils --> more leaching, but clay can leach too)
  • structure- shape/arrangement soil particles (macropores- holes in soils) (more macropores --

more leaching)

  • organic matter- (higher org --> less leaching)
  • depth to groundwater- shallow water table --> higher chance contamination
  • geology- high permeable materials (ie gravel deposits) --> more leaching Best management practices (BMPs) to reduce chances of harm to environment - ans-Use IPM principles
  • Identify vulnerable areas
  • Do not mix and load near water
  • keep pesticides away from wells
  • Avoid back-siphoning (reverse flow of liquids into a fill hose, sucks tank contents into water supply)
  • Improve land use and application methods (ie terracing)
  • time pesticide applications to weather forecasts
  • select products wisely
  • handle pesticides safely list outdoor sensitive areas - ans-schools, playgrounds, recreational areas
  • habitats of endangered species
  • apiaries (honey bee sites), wildlife refuges, parks
  • areas where domestic livestock kept
  • ornamental plantings, gardens, food/feed crops list indoor sensitive areas - ans-places where people live, work, shop, or are cared for
  • where food/feed processed, prepared, served, stored
  • where animals live, eat, cared for
  • ornamental or sensitive plants grown Define and describe phytotoxicity - ans-plant injury due to chemical exposure
  • can occur on any part of plant
  • primarily due to drift, also surface runoff and root uptake list 4 ways bees and other pollinators can be exposed to pesticides - ans1) direct contact during foliar applications
  1. contact with residues on plant surfaces after application

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c) store metal pesticide containers on the higher shelves to prevent rusting - ansc) store metal pesticide containers on the higher shelves to prevent rusting What is the first step a business should take to develop an effective pesticide security program? a) coordinate planned actions with authorities b) conduct a risk assessment of business vulnerabilities c) train employees on security measures - ansb) conduct a risk assessment of business vulnerabilities Which of the following is considered a good security practice? a) instruct employees on pesticide inventory control b) allow employees access to inventory c) back up confidential data daily and keep it at the facility - ansa) instruct employees on pesticide inventory control A well-designed pesticide storage site: - ans-limits access

  • permits better inventory control
  • protects people from exposure
  • reduces chance of environmental contamination
  • prevents damage to pesticides from temperature extremes and excess moisture
  • safeguards pesticides from theft, vandalism, and unauthorized use
  • allows fire departments to know the location of products The first step in developing a security program is to... - ansconduct a risk assessment of your business or farm's vulnerabilities Employee training and security awareness - ans-train employees to be vigilant in detecting security threats
  • instruct employees on pesticide inventory control
  • instruct employees on security of storage facilities and application equipment
  • instruct employees on emergency preparedness and response Which of the following statements about emergency response planning is true? a) the main reason to have an emergency response plan is to reduce economic losses b) the first person to contact in an emergency is an attorney c) it is important to make a detailed report of what took place before, during, and after the incident - ansc) it is important to make a detailed report of what took place before, during, and after the incident What is the backbone of any emergency response plan? a) outlining the sequence of actions to take in a crisis b) knowing where labels and SDSs are kept

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c) having a designated emergency responder - ansa) outlining the sequence of actions to take in a crisis In addition to an emergency response plan, which of the following will further reduce the risk of a pesticide fire? a) store pesticides close to a heat source to prevent freezing b) keep a fire-detection system in the storage area c) post the storage area with a storage sign - ansb) keep a fire-detection system in the storage area Which is a recommended action to take in the event of a pesticide fire? a) construct berms to contain contaminated runoff water b) enter the storage facility and remove as much pesticide as possible c) try to extinguish fire before calling 911 - ansa) construct berms to contain contaminated runoff water Which is an appropriate action to take in the event of a pesticide spill? a) take a "time out" to read your emergency response plan b) Call 911 only if the spill has a chance of entering surface water c) put on the appropriate PPE before responding to the spill - ansc) put on the appropriate PPE before responding to the spill List the guidelines for developing an emergency response plan: - ans-designate emergency coordinator as "go to person"

  • post a lis of names & numbers of response agencies that may require notification
  • prepare form with info to convey to emergency personnel, facility map, area map
  • keep product inventory and labels and SDSs
  • maintain emergency equipment needed to respond to fires and spills
  • train employees how to execute response plan The backbone of an emergency response plan is a: - ansdescription of the sequence of actions to take in a crisis Take the following actions in case of pesticide fire: - ans-evacuate premises to designated rendezvous point
  • notify fire department
  • provide emergency responders with labels, SDSs, emergency plan, site maps
  • follow instructions of commander
  • establish security perimeter
  • build berms to contain contaminated runoff and pesticide leaks
  • call insurance
  • regulatory phone calls 3 C's of pesticide spills - ans-Control- put on PPE, try to stop the spill