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The first two levels of Bloom's Taxonomy of Comprehension: Meaning Access and Proposition Assembly. Meaning Access refers to retrieving the meaning of words from long-term memory, while Proposition Assembly involves relating words to each other to form meaningful units. examples of context effect in meaning access, exercises in semantic predictability, and a study in vocabulary training. Additionally, it discusses the importance of providing opportunities for reading for meaning, emphasizing semantic predictability, and vocabulary training. The document also covers the concept of proposition assembly, with examples from logographs and eye fixation data in adults and children.
What you will learn
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Level 1:
Meaning Access
Definition - retrieve meaning of printed word fromlong-term memory Read this sentence: Can you do it?
Does it make any sense?
“Ismam stog kopob amjut metula ildat.” strawberry jam
fruit bat
traffic jam
baseball bat
After the game, Billy
runs
home. He tells his mother
about the home
run
he hit for his team. The team now has
a^ run
of ten games without a single loss. If their
run
of
good luck continues, they will be the best team in town.
Billy’s mother says she is proud of him. At dinnertime, she tells him to
run
into the bathroom to wash. She tells
him to be sure to
run
the water over his hands well to get
all the dirt off. She also reminds him that tonight is histurn to clear the table and
run
the dishwasher.
Let’s pick another word for “run.” How about “race?”
Give the Child an Opportunity toRead for Meaning
EmphasizeSemanticPredictability
Provide VocabularyTraining
e.g., fill in the missing word
John pushed the heavy _________ to the wall.Mary swung the __________ and then ran to the base.John kicked the old __________ down the street. e.g., select word that fits best (consider previous sentence)
John stood in the front of the class. He was very ______.
a thletic
nervous
Mary hit the ball. It went over the ________.
fence
pineapple
Sample of Training Format
Experimenter:
This word is “altercations.” What word is this?
Child: “Altercations.” Experimenter
: Correct, “altercations.” What does “altercations”
mean?
(points to meaning on index card).
Child: “Fights.” Experimenter:
Yes, “altercations” means “fights.” Listen do you
have altercations with your teacher?
[child responds]
Do you
have altercations with a tree?
[child responds].
So what does
“altercations” mean?Child: “Fights.” Experimenter: (after similar questions about “antagonist”)
Listen,
Do you have any antagonists”
[child responds]
Do you have any
altercations with your antagonists?
[child responds]
Level 2:
Proposition Assembly
Definition - the process of relating words to each otherto form meaningful units Can you break this sentence into its basic propositions?
“The sick boy went home.”
Propositions:“there was a boy”
“the boy was sick”
“the boy went home”
Key finding: reading time related to number of propositions ina sentence.
Key Finding: pauses occur at end of sentences, clauses
implies that additional cognitive processing is occurring evidence of proposition assembly and sentence integration
“It was a dark and stormy night the millionaire was murdered (died). The killer left no clues for the policeto trace.” Finding: greater pause at “killer” if word used is “died.”
The little girl was sad because her clothes were torn. She was upset because she couldn’t go to the party. She beganto cry. There were big tears in her brown dress. She didn’tknow what to do. Finding: pause occurs at dress, where it becomes clearthat tears has been misinterpreted.2nd vs 5th grade - more likely to get pause with olderstudents, and those with longer memory spans.
Instructions: Please read the following paragraph
