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Measuring Water's Specific Heat Capacity: Electrical Method and Calculations, Study notes of Experimental Physics

Bradley UniversityExperimental Physics

The experimental procedure for measuring the specific heat capacity of water using an electrical method. The apparatus includes a calorimeter, heating coil, joulemeter, thermometer, and a power supply. The procedure involves finding the masses of the calorimeter and water, recording initial and final temperatures, and calculating the specific heat capacity of water using the electrical energy supplied. A polystyrene container or alternative methods for measuring electrical energy are also discussed.

What you will learn

  • What is the role of the joulemeter in measuring the specific heat capacity of water?
  • How is the mass of the water calculated in this experiment?
  • What equipment is needed to measure the specific heat capacity of water using an electrical method?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

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MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER BY
AN ELECTRICAL METHOD
Apparatus
Joulemeter, calorimeter, heating coil, beaker, lagging, thermometer reading to 0.1 °C,
electronic balance and a low voltage a.c. supply.
Procedure
1. Find the mass of the calorimeter mcal.
2. Find the mass of the calorimeter plus the water m1. Hence the mass of the water
mw is m1 mcal.
3. Set up the apparatus as shown. Record the initial temperature 1.
4. Plug in the joulemeter , switch it on and zero it.
5. Switch on the power supply and allow current to flow until a temperature rise of
10 C has been achieved.
6. Switch off the power supply, stir the water well and record the highest temperature
2. Hence the rise in temperature is 2 1.
7. Record the final joulemeter reading Q.
Mains
Mains
Lagging
Calorimeter
Heating coil
12 V a.c.
Power supply
Joulemeter
Water
350 J
Cover
Digital
thermometer
10°C
pf2

Partial preview of the text

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MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER BY

AN ELECTRICAL METHOD

Apparatus

Joulemeter, calorimeter, heating coil, beaker, lagging, thermometer reading to 0.1 °C, electronic balance and a low voltage a.c. supply.

Procedure

  1. Find the mass of the calorimeter mcal.
  2. Find the mass of the calorimeter plus the water m1. Hence the mass of the water mw is m 1 mcal.
  3. Set up the apparatus as shown. Record the initial temperature (^) 1.
  4. Plug in the joulemeter , switch it on and zero it.
  5. Switch on the power supply and allow current to flow until a temperature rise of 10 C has been achieved.
  6. Switch off the power supply, stir the water well and record the highest temperature
    1. Hence the rise in temperature^ is^2 .
  7. Record the final joulemeter reading Q. Mains Mains Calorimeter Lagging Heating coil 12 V a.c. Power supply Joulemeter Water

350 J

Cover (^) Digital thermometer 10°C

Results

Mass of the calorimeter mcal = Mass of the calorimeter plus the water m 1 = Mass of the water mw = m 1 mcal = Initial temperature of water 1 = Final temperature 2 = Rise in temperature = 2 1 = Final joulemeter reading Q =

Calculations

Given that the specific heat capacity of the calorimeter ccal is known, the specific heat capacity of water cw can be calculated from the following equation: Electrical energy supplied = energy gained by water + energy gained by calorimeter Q = mwcw + mcalccal.

Notes

If a polystyrene container is used in place of the copper calorimeter, then the energy gained by the water is equal to the electrical energy supplied since the heat capacity of the container is negligible. The energy equation now reads: Q = mwcw. If a joulemeter is unavailable, electrical energy can be supplied to the heating coil from a power supply unit connected in series to an ammeter and rheostat. A voltmeter must be placed in parallel with the heating coil to measure the potential difference and a stopwatch used to measure the time of current flow. Switch on the current and the stopwatch simultaneously. Adjust the rheostat to maintain a constant current. Allow the current to flow until a temperature rise of 10 °C has been achieved. Record the steady current I and voltage V readings. Switch off the current and the stopwatch simultaneously. Record the time t in seconds. If a calorimeter is used the energy equation is: VIt = mwcw + mcalccal. If a polystyrene container is used the energy equation is: VIt = mwcw.