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MEd Serg Patient and Caregiver
teaching Question and Answers with
Rationales 2025
A patient is diagnosed with heart failure after being admitted to the hospital for shortness of breath and fatigue. Which teaching strategy, if implemented by the nurse, is most likely to be effective? a. Assure the patient that the nurse is an expert on management of heart failure. b. Teach the patient at each meal about the amounts of sodium in various foods. c. Discuss the importance of medication control in maintenance of long-term health. d. Refer the patient to a home health nurse for instructions on diet and fluid restrictions.motivating. - ✔ ANS: B Principles of adult education indicate that readiness and motivation to learn are high when facing new tasks (such as learning about the sodium amounts in various food items) and when demonstration and practice of skills are available. Although a home health referral may be needed for this patient, teaching should not be postponed until discharge. Adult learners are independent. The nurse should act as a facilitator for learning, rather than as the expert. Adults learn best when the topic is of immediate usefulness. Long-term goals may not be very motivating.
A patient who was admitted to the hospital with hyperglycemia and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is scheduled for discharge the second day after admission. When implementing patient teaching, what is the priority action for the nurse? a. Instruct about the increased risk for cardiovascular disease. b. Provide detailed information about dietary control of glucose. c. Teach glucose self-monitoring and medication administration. d. Give information about the effects of exercise on glucose control - ✔ ANS: C When time is limited, the nurse should focus on the priorities of teaching. In this situation, the patient should know how to test blood glucose and administer medications to control glucose levels. The patient will need further teaching about the role of diet, exercise, various medications, and the many potential complications of diabetes, but these topics can be addressed through planning for appropriate referrals. While admitting a patient to the medical unit, the nurse determines that the patient is hard of hearing. How should the nurse use this information to plan teaching and learning strategies? a. Motivation and readiness to learn will be affected. b. The family must be included in the teaching process. c. The patient will have problems understanding information. d.
a. The patient does not perform capillary blood glucose tests as directed. b. The patient occasionally forgets to take the daily prescribed medication. c. The patient states that dietary changes have not made any difference at all. d. The patient cannot identify signs or symptoms of high and low blood glucose. - ✔ ANS: C The patient's motivation to follow a diabetic diet will be decreased if the patient feels that dietary changes do not affect symptoms. The other responses do not indicate that the ineffective health maintenance is caused by lack of motivation. A patient with diabetic neuropathy requires teaching about foot care. Which learning goal should the nurse include in the teaching plan? a. The nurse will demonstrate the proper technique for trimming toenails. b. The patient will list three ways to protect the feet from injury by discharge. c. The nurse will instruct the patient on appropriate foot care before discharge. d. The patient will understand the rationale for proper foot care after instruction. - ✔ ANS: B Learning goals should state clear, measurable outcomes of the learning process. Demonstrating technique for trimming toenails and providing instructions on foot care are actions that the nurse will take rather than behaviors that indicate that patient learning has occurred. A learning goal that states that the patient will understand the
rationale for proper foot care is too vague and nonspecific to measure whether learning has occurred A patient who smokes a pack of cigarettes per day tells the nurse, "I enjoy smoking and have no plans to quit." Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate? a. Health seeking behaviors related to cigarette use b. Ineffective health maintenance related to tobacco use c. Readiness for enhanced self-health management related to smoking d. Deficient knowledge related to long-term effects of cigarette smoking - ✔ ANS: B The patient's statement indicates that he or she is not considering smoking cessation. Ineffective health maintenance is defined as the inability to identify, manage, and/or seek out help to maintain health. An older Asian patient, who is seen at the health clinic, is diagnosed with protein malnutrition. What priority action should the nurse include in the teaching plan? a. Suggest the use of liquid supplements as a way to increase protein intake. b. Encourage the patient to increase the dietary intake of meat, cheese, and milk. c. Ask the patient to record the intake of all foods and beverages for a 3-day period. d.
Have the dietitian meet with the patient and caregiver to discuss a low sodium diet. c. Teach the caregiver how to take the patient's BP using a manual blood pressure cuff. d. Ask the patient and caregiver to select information from a list of high BP teaching topics.
- ✔ ANS: D Because adults learn best when given information that they view as being needed immediately, asking the caregiver and patient to prioritize learning needs is likely to be the most successful approach to home management of health problems. The other actions may also be appropriate, depending on what learning needs the caregiver and patient have, but the initial action should be to assess what the learners feel is important. . A postoperative patient and caregiver need discharge teaching. Which actions included in the teaching plan can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? a. Evaluate whether the patient and caregiver understand the teaching. b. Show the caregiver how to accurately check the patient's temperature. c. Schedule the discharge teaching session with the patient and caregiver. d. Give the patient a pamphlet reinforcing teaching already done by the nurse. - ✔ ANS: D Providing a pamphlet to a patient to reinforce previously taught material does not require nursing judgment and can safely be delegated to UAP. Demonstration of how to take a temperature accurately, determining the best time for teaching, and evaluation of
the success of patient teaching all require judgment and critical thinking and should be done by the registered nurse The nurse plans to provide instructions about diabetes to a patient who has a low literacy level. Which teaching strategies should the nurse use (select all that apply)? a. Discourage use of the Internet as a source of health information. b. Avoid asking the patient about reading abilities and level of education. c. Provide illustrations and photographs showing various types of insulin. d. Schedule one-to-one teaching sessions to practice insulin administration. e. Obtain CDs and DVDs that illustrate how to perform blood glucose testing - ✔ ANS: C, D, E For patients with low literacy, visual and hands-on learning techniques are most appropriate. The nurse will need to obtain as much information as possible about the patient's reading level in order to provide appropriate learning materials. The nurse should guide the patient to Internet sites established by reputable heath care organizations such as the American Diabetes Association. The nurse is planning a teaching session with a patient newly diagnosed with migraine headaches. To assess a patient's readiness to learn, which question should the nurse ask? a. "What kind of work and leisure activities do you do?"
