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Medical Terminology in a Flash! 4th Edition
constructed terms - a word made up of multiple word parts eponym - a term derived from a name non constructed terms - terms that are not formed from individual word parts prefix - word part that is affixed to the beginning of a word word root - a word part that provides the primary meaning of a term suffix - a word part that is affixed to the end of a word combining vowel - a vowel used when a suffix starts with a consonant anti- - against, opposite of brady- - slow endo- - within epi- - upon, over, above, on top neo- - new pre- - to come before append/o, appendic/o - appendix bi/o - life cardi/o - heart cerebr/o - brain, cerebrum dermat/o - skin electr/o - electricity encephal/o - brain gastr/o - stomach hem/o - blood
hepat/o - liver hyster/o - uterus laryng/o - voice box, larynx leuk/o - white mamm/o - breast mast/o - breast ment/o - mind nat/o - birth neur/o - nerve path/o - disease proct/o - rectum or anus psych/o - mind rhin/o - nose tonsill/o - tonsil vas/o - vessel
- al - pertaining to
- ectomy - surgical removal
- emia - condition of blood
- gram - a record or image
- ia - condition of
- iatry - treatment, specialty
- ic - pertaining to
- itis - inflammation of
pertaining to against life - antibio surgical repair of the skin - dermaplasty study or science of nerves - neurology pertaining to the cerebrum - cerebral surgical removal of the stomach - gastrectomy inflammation of the brain - encephalitis instrument used for viewing the uterus - hysteroscope surgical repair of the breast - mammoplasty surgical removal of the appendix - appendectomy pertaining to the liver - hepic
- meter - measure, measuring instrument
- scopy - process of viewing
- ous - pertaining to
- drome - run or running syn- - together
- emesis - vomiting
- malacia - softening
- opsy - view of
- oxia - condition of oxygen
- phagia - eating or swallowing dysphagia - painful or difficult eating or swallowing
- phasia - speaking a- - without or absence of
aphasia - without or absence of speaking
- physis - growth hypo- - below
- plegia - paralysis quadri- - four quadriplegia - paralysis of four limbs
- oma - tumor oset/o - bone osteoma - tumor of bone
- stasis - standing still homeostasis - the process of maintaining internal stability despite changes in the environment a group of symptoms that together are characteristic or indicative of a specific disorder, condition, or disease - syndrome the removal of and examination (or view) of tissue - biopsy a condition of uncontrolled blood loss - hemophilia a difficulty in swallowing - dysphagia arthr/o - joint
- algia - condition of pain arthralgia - pain in a joint
- asthenia - weakness myasthenia - weakness of muscle
- atresia - a closure or the absence of a normal body opening hysteratresia - the absence of the uterine cavity
amniorrhexis - rupture of the membrane enclosing a fetus known as the amnion
- sclerosis - condition of hard arteriosclerosis - artery walls becoming hard and lose their elasticity spasm - spasm - a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction bronchospasm - a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular lining of the bronchi
- ad - toward cephalad - toward the head
- hemia - condition of blood poly- - excessive, over, many cyt/o - cell polycythermia - condition in which there is an overproduction of red blood cells
- practic - a practice
- centensis - surgical puncture thoracocentensis - medical procedure in which a surgical puncture is made into the chest cavity to remove fluid
- clasia - break apart
- clasis - break apart
- clast - break apart osteoclasis - surgical procedure in which a bone is artificially fractured or broken apart to correct deformity
- desis - surgical fixation or fusion arthrodesis - procedure that involves the surgical fixation or fusion of two or more joints using either bone grafts or metal rods
- metry - measurement, process of measuring urinometry - the measurement or process of measuring the specific gravity of urine
- pexy - surgical fixation/suspension mastopexy - a surgical fixation or lifting of the breasts
- phylaxis - protection prophylaxis - protective treatment to prevent disease
- rrhaphy - suturing angiorraphy - the suturing of a blood vessel
- stomy - surgical creation of an opening gastrostomy - the surgical creation of an opening in the stomach
- tome - a cutting instrument
- tomy - incision craniotome - cutting instrument used during a craniotomy
- tripsy - surgical crushing lithotripsy - to crush unwanted stones that may form in the gallbladder
- ion - process ovulation - the process of ovulating intra- - within hyer- - excessive, abnormally high, or above con- - with, together, or jointly contra- - counter or against meta- - after or change ambi- - both bi- - two di- - double
eso- - inward ex- - outside or away from exo- - outside or away from extra- - outside infer- - below inter- - between para- - abnormal peri- - alongside post- - to follow after diplopia - to see double sub- - below super- - above supra- - above sym- - together or joined an- - without or absence of circum- - around dys- - bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult eu- - normal or good heter- - different hetero- - different hyper- - excessive, abnormally high, or above macro- - large mal- - bad
mega- - large or great megalo- - large or great micro- - soft pseudo- - false tachy- - rapid, fast trans- - through, across, or beyond ultra- - beyond normal abdomin/o - abdomen anter/o - front brachi/o - arm caud/o - tail cephal/o - head cervic/o - neck chondri/o - gristle, cartilage cran/o - skull crani/o - skull dist/o - distant dors/o - back femor/o - thigh glute/o - buttock hom/o - same home/o - same ili/o - flank, hip, groin
four main categories of tissues - epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous two or more tissues combine to form - organs a group of organs sharing a general function - system Cardiovascular system - transport substances to and from bodily cells Lymphatic System - removes unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the blood Respiratory System - exchange gases between the external environment and blood Digestive System - prepare foods for absorption into the bloodstream, and eliminates solid wastes from the body Urinary System - removes nitrogenous wastes and excess water and salts from the bloodstream Female Reproductive System - Provides for creation of new individuals Male Reproductive System - Provide for creation of new individuals Nervous System - control homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses Endocrine system - control homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions Musculoskeletal - Muscles produce movement of body parts, bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, allow movement by forming attachments to muscles, store minerals, and form blood cells Integumentary System - protect body from fluid loss, injury, and infection Directional Terms - words used to describe the relative location of the body or its parts. Anatomical Position - erect posture with the face forward, arms at the sides, palms of the hand facing forward, and legs together with the feet pointing forward Superior - toward the head end or upper part of the body inferior - away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body anterior - toward the front or belly side
posterior - toward the back medial - toward the midline, which is an imaginary vertical line down the middle of the body lateral - toward the side superficial - external, toward the body surface deep - internal, inward from the surface of the body proimal - toward the origin of attachment to the trunk distal - away from the origin of attachment to the trunk plane - an imaginary flat field that is used as a point of reference for viewing three dimensional objects frontal or coronal plane - a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions sagittal plane - a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions midsagittal plane - divides the body down the center into equal portions parasagittal - divides the body down the center into unequal portions transverse plane - horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions. regions - areas that have been named to give medical health workers the ability to communicate possible problems that may be revealed during a physical examination epigastric - on top of the stomach iliac - below the catilage umbilical - pertaining to the navel How many quadrants does the abdomen have? - 4: right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower hypogastric - below the stomach trunk - torso appendages - limbs
coryza - medical term for head cold chronic - disease of long duration psoriasis - skin condition that lasts a lifetime infection - disease caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi parasites or protozoas. traumatic disease - disease resulting from trauma prognosis - prediction of the course of the disease and its probable outcome diagnostic imaging - observation of the internal structures and functions of the body without the need for open surgical procedure endoscopy - the use of a long, flexible tube that can be inserted into a patient CT Scan - diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x rays and computer enhancement to produce three-dimensional images of internal body structures. is an acronym of computed tomography scanning PET scan - procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive-labeled substance, such as glucose, through the body. PET is an acronym for positron emission tomography MRI - (magnetic resonance imaging) magnets that responds to hydrogen atoms in the body by sending signals to a computer, which analyzes the information to produce three-dimensional images. ultrasound imaging (sonography) - involves the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region ankyl/o - crooked carcin/o - cancer carp/o - wrist hondr/o - gristle, cartilage condyl/o - knuckle of a joint fibr/o - fiber kyph/o - hump
lith/o - stone lord/o - bent forward menisc/o - meniscus my/o - muscle por/o - hole sarc/o - flesh, meat scoli/o - curved spondyl/o - vertebra synov/o - synovial synovi/o - synovial ten/o - streatch, tendon tendon/o - stretch, tendon
- genisis - origin/cause
- ptosis - drooping anchondroplasia - disease that causes dwarfism 'without cartilage formation' ankylosis - condition of crooked arthritis - general disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint arthrochondritis - the articular cartilage within synovial joints undergoes inflammation, resulting in joint pain during movements. bunion - an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe bursitis - inflammation of bursa bursolith - a calcium deposit within the bursa of the foot carpal tunnel syndrome - inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement
herniated disk - the rupture of an intervertebral disk/ causes pressure against spinal nerves or the spinal cord to produce back pain and is regarded as the most common musculoskeletal disease kyphosis - occurs when the upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back lordosis - exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions Marfan's syndrome - results in excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates (growth plates), forming abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin, body form. meniscitis - inflammation of a meniscus results in joint pain myasthenia gravis - serious muscle weakness myeloma - tumor of red bone marrow myocele - condition in which a muscle is surrounded by a layer of tough connective tissue, known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia causing a protrusion. myositis - a common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation osteitis - inflammation of bone osteltis deformans - (Paget's disease) results in bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling, which is a balance between bone loss and bone deposition. osteosarcoma - a bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself. osteogenesis imperfecta - an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones osteomalacia - disease resulting in the softening of the bones osteomyelitis - inflammation of the red bone marrow osteoporosis - the abnormal loss of bone density paraplegia - loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs
polymyositis - inflammation of many muscles (caused by bacterial infection in which a group of muscles become infected and react with inflammation) rickets - the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions rotator cuff - combination of four muscles and their tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint: teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis rotator cuff injury - trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more muscles, resulting in a rotator cuff injury that can cause local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation. spondylarthritis - inflammation of joints of vertebra. (uncommon condition of intervertebral jointss that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back sprain - tear of collagen fibers within a ligament. strain - similar to a sprain but involving a muscle temporomandibular joint disease - the junction of the mandible and the temporal bone, which allows the lower aw to move when speaking and chewing tendonitis - inflammation of a tendon is a common sports injury tenosynovitis - a form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint cost/o - rib fasci/o - fascia arthrocentesis - condition of inflammation, which may slow healing and lead to additional complications aspirated - withdrawn by suction, through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint. arthroclasia - the breaking of an abnormally stiff joint to increase the range of motion arthrogram - an image printed on a film prior to joint surgery. it is common to obtain an X-ray of the joint after injection of contrast media, air, or both to highlight the synovial oing arthrolysis - joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits and bursoliths.
