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MEDICATION AIDE PRACTICE EXAM
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If you need to retake a blood pressure what should you do? - ANSWER: Wait 3 minuets then take it again. If you hear heart beats immediately when taking blood pressure what should you do?
- ANSWER: Remove the cuff, wait 3 minuets, then inflate the cuff 30 mm higher. Normal blood pressure? - ANSWER: 120-139/80- 89 If a resident's blood pressure is 100/60 what should you do? - ANSWER: As your supervisor before giving any medicines that could further lower their blood pressure If a resident's blood pressure is 140/90 or above what should you do? - ANSWER: Give the medication and report the b/p to your supervisor Use standard precautions when doing what? - ANSWER: Giving medication and performing patient care When should you wash your hands? - ANSWER: Before and after giving medication When taking medicine into a residents room what should you use as a barrier? - ANSWER: A clean, dry paper towel provides a barrier between the table and the medicines. What does P.I.G. stand for? - ANSWER: Punch, Initial, Give When should you make your 3 checks? - ANSWER: As you take the medication out the drawer, before you pour or punch the medicine, and as you return the medication to the drawer If the medication isn't administered what should you do? - ANSWER: Circle your initials and document the reason on the MAR What should you do before leaving the cart? - ANSWER: Make sure it's locked, exit or close the MAR Before giving medication what should you do? - ANSWER: Check the MAR and see if you need to take vitals If your unfamiliar with any medication what should you do? - ANSWER: Look it up
How should you position a resident to administer eye drops? - ANSWER: Position resident in sitting or lying position with head tilted back How should you position a resident to administer nose drops or sprays? - ANSWER: With nose drops the head should be tilted back and with nose sprays the head should be tilted slightly forward How will you position a resident to insert a rectal suppository? - ANSWER: Lying on left side with right knee flexed How will you position a resident to administer vaginal medicines? - ANSWER: On the back with knees flexed Residents who have had strokes, Alzheimer, and dementia may be at increased risk of what? - ANSWER: Choking due to paralysis of the muscles used in swallowing. When given oral medications what should you do to prevent choking? - ANSWER: Make sure the resident is sitting up Give medication with plenty of water Give pills one at a time Place pills in the back of the mouth Check mouth to be sure it's swallowed If choking occurs what should you do? - ANSWER: Heimlich maneuver If medications cannot be swallowed what should you do? - ANSWER: Check the reference book to see if the medications can be crushed How does using the P.I.G. method help prevent medication errors? - ANSWER: It helps make sure the medication are not given twice Medications that shouldn't be crushed? - ANSWER: Enteric-coated tablets Extended release forms Sublingual forms Enteric-coated tablets - ANSWER: Coated so they dissolve in the intestines, not the stomach Extended release forms - ANSWER: Designed to be slowly absorbed over a period of time, usually 12 hours Sublingual - ANSWER: To be placed under the tongue or between the cheek and gum How do you administer crushed medication? - ANSWER: In applesauce, ice cream, etc... in one spoon full
Suppository - ANSWER: Drug mixed into a wax pellet which melts at body temperature, so that the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the rectum of vagina How will you identify a resident? - ANSWER: By an arm band or picture What routes can medicine enter the body? - ANSWER: Orally, topically, rectally, vaginally, or inhaled Therapeutic Effect/Expected Effects - ANSWER: The intended or desired reaction to a drug Side Effect - ANSWER: Undesired or unwanted effect Obvious Side Effects - ANSWER: Side effects that the resident notices Subtle Side Effect - ANSWER: Detected by a lab test Classifications - ANSWER: Similar effects on the body are grouped together Body Systems - ANSWER: Circulatory, Ears, Eyes, Gastrointestinal System, Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System, Respiratory System, Integumentary System Circulatory Side Effects - ANSWER: Slowed heart beat, increased heart beat, edema, and decreased blood pressure Slowed Heart Beat - ANSWER: Dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness Increased Heart Beat - ANSWER: Causes palpitations (thumping in the chest) Edema (fluid retention) - ANSWER: Swelling or puffiness in feet, ankles, hands, or, face Decreased Blood Pressure - ANSWER: Dizziness or fainting, especially when rising Increased Blood Pressure - ANSWER: Dizziness, headache, blurred vision, ringing or buzzing in ears, nosebleed Slowed heart beat management tips - ANSWER: Check pulse to ensure that it is not below 60 Increased heart beat management tips - ANSWER: Tell resident to avoid salty foods, keep legs elevated, report a weight gain of 2 lbs or more per week to your supervisor Edema management tips - ANSWER: Instruct resident to sit up slowly and dangle on side of bed before arising
Decreased/Increased blood pressure - ANSWER: Check blood pressure of any resident with these complaints Ear side effects - ANSWER: Tinnitus, dizziness Tinnitus - ANSWER: Ringing, buzzing, thumping in ears Dizziness - ANSWER: Assist resident who is dizzy each time position is changed Tinnitus management tips - ANSWER: Report tinnitus symptoms to supervisor; may indicate toxicity Dizziness management tips - ANSWER: Assist resident who is dizzy each time position is changed Eye side effects - ANSWER: Blurred Vision, halos around lighted objects Blurred vision, halos around lighted objects - ANSWER: Often a symptom of digitalis (Digoxin) toxicity Blurred vision halos around lighted objects management tips - ANSWER: Report eye related complaints to supervisor Gastrointestinal System - ANSWER: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum Gastrointestinal System side effects - ANSWER: Diarrhea, constipation, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth Diarrhea - ANSWER: Transient or sever with blood, pus or mucus in stools Constipation - ANSWER: very common due to drugs causing slowing of bowel activity, absorbing moisture from the bowel, or acting on the nervous system to slow messages to the bowel Nausea and vomiting - ANSWER: Most common when medication is given on an empty stomach Diarrhea management tips - ANSWER: Encourage fluid intake to replace fluid lost Constipation management tips - ANSWER: Encourage increased fluid intake, 8- 10 glasses of water/day, increased fiber in diet, and exercise as appropriate Nausea and vomiting management tips - ANSWER: Offer milk or food, such as crackers, when you give medication
What's another name for sever allergic reaction? - ANSWER: Anaphylactic Reaction Why are severe allergic reactions dangerous? - ANSWER: They are considered life threatening because you could die from them Sever allergic reaction side effects - ANSWER: Difficulty breathing, swollen tongue, decreased blood pressure, rash, edema, and increased heart rate Sever allergic reaction management tips - ANSWER: Notify your supervisor immediately Body organs - ANSWER: Blood, kidneys, liver Blood subtle side effects - ANSWER: Anemia, decreased white blood cells Anemia - ANSWER: Not enough red blood cells, causes paleness, tiredness, weakness, dizziness Decreased white blood cells - ANSWER: Causes increased chance of infection; longer illnessess Management tips for anemia and decreased white blood cells - ANSWER: Check lab test for indications of low red or white blood cell counts, if medications cause these side effects notify charge nurse Kidney subtle side effects - ANSWER: Decreased filtering ability Decreased filtering ability - ANSWER: Causes swelling, nausea, headache, weakness Decreased filtering ability management tips - ANSWER: Notify charge nurse of any of these symptoms if resident is taking a drug that affects the kidneys Liver subtle side effects - ANSWER: Decreased ability to remove toxins from blood Decreased ability to remove toxins from blood - ANSWER: Prevents liver from breaking down drugs to compounds that can be eliminated by the other organs; damage usually occurs before symptoms are present Decreased ability to remove toxins form blood management tips - ANSWER: Periodic liver function blood test are ordered to be sure drugs are not damaging liver What is the difference between a therapeutic effect and a side effect? - ANSWER: The therapeutic effect is the expected effect and a side effect is an unwanted effect How long do most expected side effect last? - ANSWER: Temporary
What are the differences between obvious and subtle side effects? - ANSWER: Obvious side effected are detected by the resident and subtle side effects are by a lab Cardiovascular Drugs - ANSWER: Antianginals, Antiarrhythmis, Anticoagulants, Antihyperlipidemics, Antihypertensives, Cardiac Glycosides, Diuretics, Vasodilators Antianginal - ANSWER: Against chest pain Most common antianginal medication - ANSWER: Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) How do antianginal medications work? - ANSWER: Increased the amount of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle by causing the coronary arteries to dilate (open wide). Antiarrhythmics - ANSWER: Against irregular rhythm, when the heart is not beating in a regular rhythm How do antiarrhythmic medications work? - ANSWER: Slows the heartbeat and decrease blood pressure, so check vitals signs before giving. Anticoagulants - ANSWER: Against blood clotting Two types of anticoagulants? - ANSWER: Heparin and Coumadin How is heparin given? - ANSWER: By injection Most common oral anticoagulant - ANSWER: Coumadin What do oral anticoagulants contain - ANSWER: May contain warfarin or its derivatives Why are anticoagulants prescribed? - ANSWER: To treat blood clot formation, heart attacks, and strokes Side effects of anticoagulant medications - ANSWER: Internal or external bleeding, tarry stools, bleeding gums, bleeding from rectum or vagina, and nosebleeds Prothrombin Time (Pro-Time) - ANSWER: Test done by physician to be sure the resident's blood is at the proper level of anticoagulation Antihyperlipidemics - ANSWER: Against high fat in the blood Why are anithyperlipidemics perscribed? - ANSWER: To treat high cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
Potassium sparing diuretic? - ANSWER: Doesn't deplete the of potassium so a supplement shouldn't be ordered. Vasodilator - ANSWER: Widen blood vessel Eye medications - ANSWER: Antiglaucoma Glaucoma - ANSWER: Eye disorder that causes increased pressure within the eyeball and can lead to blidness. What are antiglaucoma medications used for? - ANSWER: To help decrease the pressure of the fluid within the eye. Commonly prescribed glaucoma medication - ANSWER: Epinephrine Epinephrine - ANSWER: causes the pupil of the eye to dilate Gastrointestinal Drugs - ANSWER: Antacids, Anticholinergics, Antiemetics, Laxatives and Stool Softeners Antacids (Antiulcer) - ANSWER: Neutralize stomach acids when swallowed or chewed Anticholinergis - ANSWER: prescribed for irritable or overactive bowels Antiemetics - ANSWER: Ordered to relieve nausea and vomiting How are antiemetics usually given? - ANSWER: Often given via injection or suppository since the resident can't keep oral medication down What is the endocrine system - ANSWER: glands inside the body Endocrine System Drugs - ANSWER: Antidiabetics, Reproductive Hormones, Steroids, Thyroid Replacement Hormone Diabetes - ANSWER: A disease that affects the pancreas Pancreas - ANSWER: Makes insulin Insulin - ANSWER: A hormone that regulates blood sugar Hyperglycemia - ANSWER: When the pancreas doesn't make enough insulin, the blood sugar elevates above normal How is insulin given - ANSWER: By injection only because if taken orally it would be destroyed by gastric acid FSBS - ANSWER: Finger stick blood sugar
How is a fasting blood sugar taken - ANSWER: Through the vain done by lab Steroids - ANSWER: Ordered to relive inflammation and to treat diseases such as asthma and bronchitis Corticosteroids - ANSWER: Occur naturally in the body, produced by the adrenal glands in response to inflammation and other conditions Commonly prescribed oral steroid - ANSWER: Prednisolone (Prednisone) Commonly prescribed cream - ANSWER: Hydrocortisone cream Anabolic Steroid - ANSWER: Similar to testosterone, sometimes taking by athletes to increase muscle size. Why are anabolic steroid dangerous - ANSWER: Can cause damage to the heart, nervous system, and kidneys Thyroid Replacement Hormone - ANSWER: When a residents thyroid gland does not function, replacement thyroid hormone is prescribed Commonly prescribed thyroid replacement hormone - ANSWER: Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Immune system drugs - ANSWER: Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals, Anti- Inflammatories, Antineoplastics Antibiotics - ANSWER: Used to treat infections caused by bacteria Antibiotics have no effect on what? - ANSWER: Viruses Anti-Inflammatory - ANSWER: NSAIDS Redness, swelling, pain, and heat - ANSWER: The body responds to injury by inflammation NSAIDS - ANSWER: Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs Most common NSAIDS - ANSWER: Aspirin, ibuprofen Antineoplastics - ANSWER: Against cancer Nervous system drugs - ANSWER: Analgesics, antianxiety/sedative medications, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics Anglgesics - ANSWER: Medication used to relieve pain (Pain Medicine)
Antitussives - ANSWER: Act on the brain to control coughing When are antitussives ordered - ANSWER: When a cough does not produce sputum Decongestants - ANSWER: Opens air passages in the nose and sinuses by constricting blood vessels in those areas Expectorants - ANSWER: Thin mucus so the resident can cough it up and out Always check blood pressure first - ANSWER: Antihypertensives Always check apical pulse first - ANSWER: Cardica Glycosides (Digoxin) Check lab report for potassium level, if 3.5 or lower don't give and report it - ANSWER: Thiazide Diuretics Check lab report for theophyllin level, if the level is at or above maximum don't give and report it - ANSWER: Bronchodilators (Theophyllin) Check lab report for dilantin level, if the level is at or above maximum don't give and report it - ANSWER: Anticonvulsants (Dilantin) Six rights of medication administration? - ANSWER: Right Resident Right Time and Date Right Dosage and Amount Right Route of Administration Right Documentation Extra right of medication administration? - ANSWER: Right Form The C.M.A. is trained to give medications to residents in what kind of facilities? - ANSWER: Nursing Homes, Residential Care homes, etc..... The C.M.A. must know how to read and follow what? - ANSWER: Read and follow Doctors' orders The C.M.A. must be able to recognize what? - ANSWER: Side effects of medications The C.M.A. must know when to contact who before giving what? - ANSWER: A supervisor; medication To become a C.M.A. you must meet what criteria? - ANSWER: 18 years of age or older, high school diploma or GED, worked for at least 6 months as a C.N.A., successfully complete a C.M.A. course, and pass the state test. Good qualities to have as a C.M.A.? - ANSWER: Honest, responsible, dependable, and detail-oriented.
Why must a C.M.A. be honest? - ANSWER: If you make a mistake or error admit it. Why must a C.M.A. be responsible and dependable? - ANSWER: You will come to work when your scheduled and be on time. Why must a C.M.A. be detail-oriented? - ANSWER: Careful about little things and checking 3 times. When giving medications it's good to? - ANSWER: Check 3 times to make sure your accurate. Four duties of a C.M.A.? - ANSWER: Read and follow doctors orders, recognize side effects of medications and know when to contact a supervisor before giving a medication. What are the rights of the residents as they apply to medication administration? - ANSWER: Right to privacy and confidentiality Right to be treated with respect Right to be free from chemical restraints Right to refuse medication and treatments One aspirin tablet is equivalent to what? - ANSWER: 5 grains The majority of medications are ordered and dispensed in what form of measurement? - ANSWER: Metric System Medicines are ordered by weight or by what? - ANSWER: Volume Weight is measured in what? - ANSWER: Grams, milligrams, and micro-grams Dry medication is measured in what? - ANSWER: Grams, milligrams, and micro- grams Medicines ordered by volume are what? - ANSWER: Liquid medicines Liquids are measured by what? - ANSWER: Liters and milliliters Apothecary System - ANSWER: The oldest measurement system for medications Systemic Effect - ANSWER: Effects the whole body Local Effect - ANSWER: Effects only the area it's applied to Most medications are give to do what? - ANSWER: Treat or relieve symptoms Some medications are given to prevent what? - ANSWER: Illnesses
