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Medications you need to know in nursing school
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Loop DiureticsPotent diuretics indicated forCommon Examples:the treatment of edemaFurosemide (Lasix), Bumetanideassociated with heart failure,(Bumex), Torsemide (Demadex)renal and or hepatic disease.Also used for the treatment ofhypercalcemia (increase therenal excretion of calcium) andhypertension.
Monitor K+ and digoxin levels.* May be given with low renal perfusion.* Adverse effects include: dehydration, hypotension,hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, transient deafness. Osmotic DiureticsRapidly working diuretics usedCommon Examples:for the treatment of early stageMannitol (Osmitrol)Acute Renal Failure (ARF),reduction of intracranialpressure and increased intr-ocular pressure as seen withGlaucoma.
Multiple adverse effects, the most commonly seen seriousadverse effects include: fluid and electrolyte imbalance, HA,marked diuresis and dehydration.* Observe for rebound increased intra-cranial or intra-ocularpressure.* May crystallize when exposed to low temperatures and shouldtherefore, always be administered through a filter. Potassium-Sparing DiureticsIndicated for the treatment ofCommon Examples:hypertension,Spironolactone (Aldactone),hyperaldosteronism, and toTriamterene (Dyrenium)reverse the potassium lossassociated with diuretic inducedhypokalemia
Patients should avoid sodium substitutes, K+ supplements andfoods high in K+* Adverse effects include: Hyperkalemia, GI complaints,dizziness and HA Thiazide DiureticsIndicated for the treatment ofCommon Examples:hypertension, diabetes insipidusHydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril,and edema associated withHCTZ)steroid therapy, estrogentherapy, heart disease or liverdisease.
Should only be given with adequate renal perfusion.* Adverse effects include: Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia,Hyperglycemia, Hyperuricemia, HA and dehydration.* HCTZ is contraindicated with known sensitivity toSulfonamides or Thiazides