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Menstrual cycle...Nclex review, Assignments of Gynecology

It includes golden point related to the menstrual cycle ..phases of menstrual cycle.. disorder ..hormonal balance

Typology: Assignments

2023/2024

Available from 04/16/2024

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Menstrual Cycle
Overview
○ 28-day cycles in which either a period or pregnancy occur
■ FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone are the hormones
■ Your brain, ovaries, and uterus are all part of this
○ Timeline of the menstrual cycle is as follow:
■ Pituitary gland releases FSH and LH, which stimulates follicles
(thousands Located in ovaries, each follicle contains one oocyte)
to grow
■ Growing follicles secrete estrogen
■ When estrogen peaks, it tells the brain to stop producing FSH
and increase LH Production
■ The most mature oocyte bursts out of its follicle and starts
traveling towards the
Uterus via the fallopian tube to potentially become fertilized by a
sperm This is called ovulation!
● Its former follicular home stays in the ovary and is now called
the corpus Luteum
■ Back in ovary, the now-empty follicle, the corpus luteum,
secretes progesterone, Which tells the uterine lining
(endometrium) to plump itself up with blood and Nutrients to
prepare for implantation of a fertilized ovum
■ If an ovum gets fertilized, it implants itself into the plump wall
of the uterus.
She’s pregnant!
■ If the ovum does not get fertilized, the progesterone and
estrogen levels plummet.
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Menstrual Cycle

Overview ○ 28-day cycles in which either a period or pregnancy occur ■ FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone are the hormones ■ Your brain, ovaries, and uterus are all part of this ○ Timeline of the menstrual cycle is as follow: ■ Pituitary gland releases FSH and LH, which stimulates follicles (thousands Located in ovaries, each follicle contains one oocyte) to grow ■ Growing follicles secrete estrogen ■ When estrogen peaks, it tells the brain to stop producing FSH and increase LH Production ■ The most mature oocyte bursts out of its follicle and starts traveling towards the Uterus via the fallopian tube to potentially become fertilized by a sperm This is called ovulation! ● Its former follicular home stays in the ovary and is now called the corpus Luteum ■ Back in ovary, the now-empty follicle, the corpus luteum, secretes progesterone, Which tells the uterine lining (endometrium) to plump itself up with blood and Nutrients to prepare for implantation of a fertilized ovum ■ If an ovum gets fertilized, it implants itself into the plump wall of the uterus. She’s pregnant! ■ If the ovum does not get fertilized, the progesterone and estrogen levels plummet.

This tells the uterine lining to shed, because it’s not needed to support a Pregnancy. ■ Blood, tissue, and the ovum are shed and leave the body via the vagina. ● This shedding/dispelling of unused contents can take up to 7 days. This Is a period. ■ So what are menstrual cramps? ● The uterus is a muscle, which contracts to release the unused contents. Vasoconstriction occurs during these contractions of the uterine muscle. This vasoconstriction causes temporary oxygen deprivation, which then Causes the pain (or dysmenorrheal) associated with their period. ● NCLEX® Points ○ Fertilization occurs when with the sperm and ovum unite ○ The fertilized ovum is now called a zygote ○ This zygote will implant approximately 6-8 days after ovulation ○ The zygote matures into a blastocyst ○ The blastocyst will cause the body to produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This tells the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone to maintain the pregnancy Until the placenta takes over production when it develops fully, 2- 3 months later. ○ Ovarian Changes ■ Preovulation phase: Starts FSH + LH secretion -> ends with follicular rupture And release of ovum ■ Luteal phase: ovulation -> starts with declining estrogen and ends with Progesterone ○ Uterine Changes