Experiment with Function Generator and Oscilloscope: Understanding Signal Parameters, Lab Reports of Electronics

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Carlyn Annunziata EENG 275 Experiment 4 function generator and oscilloscope Sara Professor Islam 11/2/

Objective: The main objective of this experiment was to become familiarized with the use of a Function generator and digital stored Oscilloscope and gain an understanding for the methods of operation. The function generator provides a signal source of applied voltage over time. This nature of this signal source is determined by the user where the waveform of the applied signal can be expressed as a sine wave, square wave, or triangular wave. Oscilloscopes can then be used to analyze the signal by displaying the signal as a function of time. Using a Function generator, various parameters of the signal can be manipulated based on the desired waveform. These signal parameters include the amplitude, frequency, peak to peak voltage, and the period of the input signal. These parameter values are observed directly on the Oscilloscope screen as a digital read out, which can then be stored. The digital stored Oscilloscope is primarily used in the analysis of this input signal through digital means as a graph of voltage vs. time which is displayed on a grid. The signal inputs are presented as the numbered “CH” variables, depending on the number of input signals. The display controls enable the vertical manipulation of the graphed signal, the type of input-coupling, which is dependent on the circuit components (the AC source through a capacitor or DC for a simple circuit). Additionally, signal amplification can be manipulated using a control knob, which adjusts the displayed signal vertically on the graph. This is represented as “V/Div” and indicates the vertical adjustment of the display signal by one division. The horizontal control knobs enable adjustment of the time axis, which corresponds time over the major division and is represented as “s/Div”. The following lab report provides an overview the use of Function generator and digital stored Oscilloscope to generate signal waveforms as well as the method by which signal parameters are determined from the displayed signal. Materials: 1 - NYIT supplied lab kit 1 - Function Generator 1 - Oscilloscope 1 - 51 Ω Resistor 1 - 1.5 kΩ Resistor 1 - 2 kΩ Resistor 1 - 5.1 kΩ Resistor 1 - 0.1μF Capacitor’ 1 - 4.7μH Inductor

After constructing the circuit shown in figure 4.12, the scale for Channel one was set to 5 (V/Div), and the voltage at the node between the voltage source and R1 was measured using Channel 1 and the node marked TP1(Test Point 1) was measured using Channel 2 of the oscilloscope. The image that was generated had two horizontal lines, the measurement from channel 1 was higher voltage, as it represented the voltage source. The second, lower horizontal line measured from channel 2 was the voltage across R2.

1. Using Figure 4.13 and 4.14, answer the following questions: a. The setting is on 2 V/Div. b. The peak voltage is 2Vp. c. The voltage peak to peak is 4Vpp. d. The time base of the sec/div is 25microseconds. e. The frequency of the signal (f) is 20kHz. Figure 4.15:

Measuring Peak to Peak: Figure 2: From the display the peak to peak value for channel 1 is shown. Using the cursor 1 and cursor 2 knobs, the peak to peak value for both channels can be easily demonstrated as you toggle back and forth between “Source”; “CH1” and “CH2”. The Vpp for channel is greater than that of channel 2 (which is not displayed for the sake of brevity), but which can easily be seen by comparison of the two signals.

1. The peak-to-peak voltage is read as [Cursor 2]-[Cursor1] =Delta. For channel 1, the following values were obtained: a. The value of cursor 1 was 5.05V. b. The value of cursor 2 was - 5.02V. c. The delta value was - 10.0V. For channel 2, the following values were obtained: a. The value of cursor 1 was 274mV. b. The value of cursor 2 was - 2 64mV. c. The delta value was - 538mV. Measuring the frequency:

Figure 3: To determine the frequency, the “Time” option is selected (as seen above) when “CURSOR” is pushed. The display shows the period of a wave cycle. This is shown exclusively for channel 1, but upon observation of the display the period for channel 2 can be seen based on the data gathered using the following equations.

2. The period can be directly read as [Cursor 2]-[Cursor1] = Period. For channel 1, the values obtained were: a. The value of cursor 1 was - 87.6μs. b. The value of cursor 2 was - 37.8 μs. c. The period was 49.8μs d. The frequency = 1 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 20kHz. For channel 2, the values obtained were: a. The value of cursor 1 was - 75 μs. b. The value of cursor 2 was - 25.8 μs. c. The period was 49.2 μs. d. The frequency = 1 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 =^ 20kHz. Automatic Measurements:

The DC level of the waveform is 2V.

4. What is the frequency of the waveform in Figure 4.18 below? Frequency is found: 4 Div(25μs/Div) = 100μs, Frequency = 1/100μs = 10kHz.