Microbiology: Metabolism - Respiration and Nutrition - Prof. Roman E. Boldyreff, Study notes of Biology

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A. Respiration

B. Nutrition

C. Eukaryotic Respiration

XII. Metabolism -^ nutrition & respiration

1. Aerobic

2. Anaerobic

3. Fermentation

A. Respiration- breakdown of a

molecule to harvest its energy

1.) Hydrogen sulfide oxidizing bacteria

2H 2 S + 5O 2 g 2SO 4 -2^ + 2H 2 O + Energy

2.) Ammonium oxidizing bacteria

2NH 4 +^ + 5O 2 g 2NO 3 -^ + 4H 2 O + Energy

b. Inorganic Molecules

a. Eukaryote cells & some bacteria oxidize glucose to CO 2

C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 g 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

b. Methylocystis sp & other methane oxidizing bacteria oxidize methane to carbon dioxide

CH 4 + 2O 2 g CO 2 + 2H 2 O

c. Organic Molecules

a. Incomplete anaerobic breakdown of an organic molecule b. Glucose-fermenting bacteria, Clostridium sp

C 6 H 12 O 6 g Carboxylic acids + CO 2 + E c. Sour milk bacteria, Lactobacillus sp

C 6 H 12 O 6 g 2 C 3 H 6 O 3 + E Lactic acid

3. Fermentation

1. Trophic classes

2. Winogradsky column

B. Nutrition-^ energy source &

carbon source

1.) Obtain energy from sunlight 2.) Use energy to synthesize cellular components from CO 2 3.) Oxygenic- cyanobacteria, some protists, & plants 4.) Anoxygenic- purple sulfur bacteria & green sulfur bacteria

a. Photoautotrophs

1.) Obtain energy from exothermic chemical reactions of inorganic or organic compounds 2.) Use energy to synthesize cellular components from CO 2 3.) Methane oxidizing, Nitrogen oxidizing, & Sulfur oxidizing bacteria

b. Chemoautotrophs

1.) Obtain energy from exothermic chemical reactions of inorganic or organic compounds 2.) Use energy to synthesize cellular components from organic compounds obtained from their environment 3.) Glucose-fermenting bacteria, sulfur- reducing bacteria, some protists, fungi, & animals

d. Chemoheterotrophs

a. Closed or isolated microbial ecosystem b. Used to study respiratory & trophic pathways in bacteria c. Examples- Anaerobic chemoheterotrophs (Sulfur- reducing bacteria, Desulfovibrio sp ) Fermentative chemoheterotrophs ( Clostridium sp ) Aerobic photoheterothophs ( Erythrobacter sp )

2. Winogradsky Column

C. Eukayotic Resp. Overview

a. 1-5mm in length

b. Matrix- Transition reaction & Citric Acid Cycle c. Cristae- Electron Transport System

1. Mitochondria

a. Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

b. Reaction- 2 C 3 H 4 O 3 g 2 acetylCoA + 2 NADH + 2 CO 2

3. Transition Reaction

a. Occurs in matrix of mitochondria

b. Reaction- 2 acetylCoA g 2 ATP + 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 + 4 CO 2

4. Citric Acid Cycle