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questions and correct solutions
MGMT 3000 Exam 1 Study Guide 224
questions and correct solutions
High power distance cultures - ANSWER view an unequal distribution of power as relatively acceptable. Which of the following is a surface-level diversity trait? - ANSWER being Asian. (definition of surface level is something you can basically see on the outside.) Which is the first step in the rational decision-making model? - ANSWER Identify the problem. The ways in which people are similar or different from one another is - ANSWER diversity. Is this statement true or false: Attitude provides clues to behavior, but situational factors also impact behavior. - ANSWER True. What is the most challenging or difficult step in the rational decision-making process? - ANSWER Generate alternatives. Escalation of commitment occurs because - ANSWER decision makers do not want to admit they were wrong. (politicians dealing with COVID-19 is a good example) A control group - ANSWER receives no experimental manipulation. Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is INCORRECT? - ANSWER People with high self-efficacy tend to procrastinate. (I'm apparently not self-efficient) Research suggests which of the following relationships between performance and turnover? - ANSWER Poor performers are more likely to quit their jobs compared to high performers. The bounded rationality decision-making model - ANSWER recognizes the limitations of decision making processes by having individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the best alternative without conducting an exhaustive search of alternatives.
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Which of the following statements regarding the rational decision-making model is INCORRECT? - ANSWER The decision maker should generate alternatives before establishing criteria. Empathy is to agreeableness as sociability is to ______________. - ANSWER extraversion. (Extraversion is the degree to which a person is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoys socializing.) Our first interaction with individuals makes us aware of - ANSWER surface diversity. (Surface-level diversity includes traits that are highly visible to us and those around us, such as race, gender, and age.) Stereotypes - ANSWER often lead to unfair decisions being made. Which of the following is likely to produce an effective organization? - ANSWER A firm that employs selective hiring practices. (Most qualified get jobs.) A unique, nonroutine, important decision requiring conscious thinking, information gathering, and careful consideration of alternatives is a(n) - ANSWER nonprogrammed decision. Which of the following statements related to fundamental factors affecting a group's cohesion is correct? - ANSWER The more similar group members are, the more cohesive the group is likely to be. The values, beliefs, and customs that exist in a society is - ANSWER culture. The decision-making technique designed to help with group decision making by ensuring that all members participate fully is - ANSWER the nominal group technique. (Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was developed to help with group decision making by ensuring that all members participate fully.) Tuckman's forming stage is characterized by - ANSWER uncertainty, with observant, conflict avoidant group members who are trying to achieve several goals at once. (In the forming stage, the group comes together for the first time. The members may already know each other or they may be total strangers.) Experts make decisions in the intuitive decision-making models based on all the following but - ANSWER climate. Collectivistic cultures are - ANSWER cultures where people have strong bonds to their groups and group membership forms a person's self-identity.
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of effective management of diversity? - ANSWER higher productivity of operations Which of the following statements regarding the Big 5 personality traits is NOT true? - ANSWER Individuals high in extraversion are model employees. The _____________ role in a team creates deadlines for the team, schedules production, and sequences tasks. - ANSWER contractor Job satisfaction can be enhanced by - ANSWER person-job fit and person-organization fit. Operational decisions are made by - ANSWER employees throughout the organization. Which of the following statements regarding diversity in the workplace is accurate? - ANSWER More than half of the Fortune 500 companies offer same sex health benefits to their employees. Which decision-making model would you use when your goals are unclear, there is time pressure, and you have experience with the problem? - ANSWER intuitive decision making model Organizational commitment is - ANSWER the emotional attachment people have toward the company they work for. Self-enhancement bias is - ANSWER the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us. Self-managed teams typically have all the following goals EXCEPT - ANSWER increased conflict The glass ceiling - ANSWER is the underrepresentation of women in executive and upper level management positions of companies. Research indicates that all of the following characteristics produce healthy organizations EXCEPT - ANSWER limited feedback. Group members in the norming stage - ANSWER find it easy to establish their own ground rules. Which of the following statements regarding diversity in the workplace is correct? - ANSWER Federal law requires reasonable accommodation be considered when an employee brings up a disability.
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Job satisfaction is - ANSWER the feelings people have toward their jobs. All of the following statements about emotional labor are TRUE except: - ANSWER Research suggests that greater autonomy is related to more strain for service workers in France. Characteristics of cohesive groups include all of the following EXCEPT - ANSWER having a random pattern of communication. Values - ANSWER refer to stable life goals people have, reflecting what is most important to them. All of the following statements are correct about top management teams EXCEPT - ANSWER Top teams are most effective when there is limited diversity in their composition. A stereotype is - ANSWER a generalization about a particular group of people. Tactical decisions are generally made by - ANSWER managers. Which of the following statements regarding Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model is INCORRECT? - ANSWER The model views group development as a linear process. Which of the following is NOT a recommended step to take to avoid getting stuck in the storming phase of Tuckman's group development? - ANSWER Make sure to limit discussions and discussants. It is not productive to re-hash all the same points over and over. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental factor impacting a group's cohesion? - ANSWER height. The tendency for decision makers to be influenced by the way that a situation or problem is presented is - ANSWER framing bias. Which stage in Tuckman's forming-storming-norming-performing model is characterized by the establishment of ground rules and operating procedures and goals by group participants? - ANSWER norming. There is a near perfect strong relationship between good person/organization fit and high job performance. True or false? - ANSWER False. (When people fit into their organization, they tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, more committed to their companies, and more influential in their company, and they
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Among the limitations associated with using personality tests in employee selection is - ANSWER candidates faking their answers. When an incomplete figure appears on a sheet of paper, we are able to discern the entire figure because we - ANSWER extrapolate from the information available to us. Negative affective people - ANSWER experience anxiety. Which of the following statements regarding power distance and teams is correct? - ANSWER People in high power distance countries expect unequal power distribution in the social, political and economic areas. Which of the following statements regarding the explanations for the glass ceiling is INCORRECT? - ANSWER The glass ceiling may exist for women because they lack the education levels necessary to assume high-level managerial positions. Surface diversity traits include - ANSWER gender. (Any visible trait.) The creativity level evaluation factor of fluency is - ANSWER the number of ideas a person is able to generate. Which of the following scenarios is likely to produce low levels of citizenship behaviors?
- ANSWER Horatio is a young engineer with negative affectivity. An example of a strategic decision is - ANSWER Should we downsize our organization? Internal attribution occurs with - ANSWER low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. According to the authors of Organizational Behavior, a company's greatest asset is - ANSWER it's people. Research indicates which of the following factor is the strongest predictor of job performance? - ANSWER General mental ability. Findings of person/organization fit studies indicate - ANSWER when people fit their organization, they are more committed to the organization. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink? - ANSWER illusion of vulnerability. An attitude is - ANSWER our opinions, beliefs and feelings about our environment.
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Analyses of companies that utilize teams indicate some impressive results. Team-based organizations tend to show all the following results but - ANSWER an increase in marketing. Experts propose that creativity occurs as a result of the interaction between all of the following factors EXCEPT - ANSWER serendipity or luck. Which of the following statements is true? - ANSWER People who are critical of themselves experience less job satisfaction. Norms are - ANSWER shared expectations about how things operate within a group or team. Empowerment means - ANSWER having the responsibility and authority to reach goals. Which of the following statements about exit interviews is true? - ANSWER An exit interview should be conducted by a member of the human resource department for best results. Which of the following statements about values is true? - ANSWER Values are the result of accumulation of life experiences. Which of the following statements about work attitude causes is accurate? - ANSWER Person/job fit is positively related to job satisfaction. According to Gersick's punctuated equilibrium model, groups repeatedly cycle through which two stages? - ANSWER storming and performing. All of the following factors contribute to job satisfaction and organizational commitment EXCEPT - ANSWER firm competitiveness in the market. Hypotheses are - ANSWER tentative guesses for expected observations that can be tested. If one looks at the number of studies conducted on attitude, which of the following seems to be the most important? - ANSWER job satisfaction __________ is the degree to which a person is anxious, irritable, aggressive and moody. - ANSWER Neuroticism Which of the following statements on the benefits of effective management of diversity is INCORRECT? - ANSWER Diverse workforces create cheaper products
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GENUINE ACTING: When individuals are asked to display emotions that are aligned with their own. EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: The degree of awareness of one's own and others' emotions. Overconfidence bias - ANSWER occurs when individuals overestimate their ability to predict future events. Demographic traits make up - ANSWER surface diversity. Which of the following statements regarding the management of demographic diversity is INCORRECT? - ANSWER In the most successful companies, diversity is viewed as human resource management department's responsibility. (Upper management should value diversity, as in most successful business there is demographic diversity.) Outcome interdependence - ANSWER is when the rewards that an individual receives depend on the performance of others. (Personal: Witt sales at AutoZone) Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is INCORRECT? - ANSWER The nominal group technique is a technique used routinely at most meetings. Research on job characteristics indicate that - ANSWER people who have high growth need tend to expect their jobs to help them build new skills. To satisfice is to - ANSWER accept the first alternative that meets your general criteria. Task interdependence - ANSWER refers to the degree that team members are dependent upon one another to get information, support or materials from other team members to be effective. A culture categorized by high uncertainty avoidance is - ANSWER Greece. Which of the following statements regarding the predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors is FALSE? - ANSWER The link between ability and citizenship behavior is stronger than the link between motivation and citizenship behavior. (What are the major predictors of citizenship behaviors? Unlike performance, citizenship behaviors do not depend so much on ones abilities. Job performance, to a large extent,
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depends on our general mental abilities. When you add the education, skills, knowledge, and abilities that are needed to perform well, the role of motivation in performance becomes more limited. As a result, someone being motivated will not necessarily translate into a person performing well. For citizenship behaviors, the motivation-behavior link is clearer.) If you do not have relevant expertise in the issues to make a decision, you should NOT use which decision making model? - ANSWER intuitive decision-making. Employees with which of the following personality traits would experience high job satisfaction? - ANSWER those with positive affective dispositions. Match the following terms with their definitions. - ANSWER EMOTIONS: A short, intense feeling resulting from some event. POSITIVE EMOTIONS: Reactions to desired events. NEGATIVE EMOTIONS: Reactions to undesired events. Work on team processes has been carried out in what area? - ANSWER Sociology. A group is - ANSWER a collection of individuals who interact with each other such that one person's actions have an impact on the others. An entity that takes on different values is - ANSWER a variable. (Should know this from programming. A variable can be anything, such as an int, string, etc.) When the goal of the decision making exercise is to make a satisfactory decision because you are limited in some way such as effort, you should utilize - ANSWER the bounded rationality decision-making model. In analyzing the data, the researcher notes that as employee absences increase, scores on performance evaluations decrease. This suggests - ANSWER there is a correlation between employee absenteeism and employee performance. Internal attribution - ANSWER is the belief that a behavior is caused by the internal characteristics of a person. A series of steps that decision makers should consider if their goal is to maximize their outcome and make the best choice describes - ANSWER the rational decision-making model.
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Which of the following is not an explanation that has been offered to account for the earnings gap of 21% between the pay of females and males? - ANSWER Women lack the high-level skill sets that men possess. Which of the following is true for group decision making? - ANSWER Groups often perform lower than the best individual in the group. Research that is performed under very controlled conditions and can include observation, interviews, or experiments is called - ANSWER a lab study. The advantages of group decision making over individual decision making include all of the following EXCEPT - ANSWER the decision-making process is more efficient. Which of the following is a key level of analysis investigated in Organizational Behavior - ANSWER individual. All of the following stressors lead to lower job satisfaction and organizational commitment EXCEPT: - ANSWER high responsibility at work. Which of the following statements about attribution is correct? - ANSWER If we make an external attribution to someone's goal achievement, we are less likely to reward the individual. Research conducted in an actual organization is - ANSWER a field study. The relatively stable feelings, thoughts, and behavioral patterns a person has is - ANSWER personality. Deep-level diversity traits include - ANSWER attitudes. The systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work is - ANSWER organizational behavior. Programmed decisions are - ANSWER ones which occur frequently enough that an automated response is developed for them. Meta-analysis is - ANSWER the process of summarizing research findings from studies on related topics. Low distinctiveness is characterized by - ANSWER a person behaving this way in different situations. All of the following cultures are categorized as individualistic EXCEPT - ANSWER Pakistan.
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(Countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia are examples of individualistic cultures. In contrast, collectivistic cultures are cultures where people have stronger bonds to their groups and group membership forms a persons self identity. Asian countries such as China and Japan, as well as countries in Latin America are higher in collectivism.) Operational decisions - ANSWER refer to those things that employees do each day to make the organization run. Which of the following is the correct order of the phases in the creative decision-making model? - ANSWER Problem identification, immersion, incubation, illumination, verification and application. Which of the following statements regarding work attitude and performance is FALSE? - ANSWER Those with the most positive work attitudes are always strong performers. Research on absenteeism indicates which of the following statements to be accurate? - ANSWER Problems in job design can result in absenteeism. Indicate which of the following statements is true. - ANSWER Work attitude is related to organizational citizenship behaviors. Boundary spanning roles include coordinator and - ANSWER consul. What is the second stage in Tuckman's four-stage map of group evolution? - ANSWER storming. Which of the following factors is not a cause of high levels of absenteeism in a firm? - ANSWER positive work attitudes. Which of the following statements about emotions at work is FALSE - ANSWER The effects of negative emotions at work typically do not have significant impacts on customers. Which of the following statements about the creative decision-making model is INCORRECT? - ANSWER Innovation and creativity are the same process. Which of the following statements regarding job performance is INCORRECT? - ANSWER Contrary to what most people would think, stress has very little impact on job performance.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act - ANSWER prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities if these employees are otherwise qualified to do their jobs with or without reasonable accommodation. All of the following statements characterize a group at the storming stage EXCEPT - ANSWER the group is competent, autonomous, and insightful. Which of the following employees is more likely to turnover? - ANSWER those who have negative work attitudes Organizational citizenship behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT - ANSWER performing the duties in one's job description. Which of the following factors is a major predictor of job performance? - ANSWER how we are treated at work The incubation step in the creative decision-making process is - ANSWER the step where the decision maker sets the problem aside and does not consciously think of it. Research on diversity in the workplace has not substantiated which of the following benefit to firms? - ANSWER Diversity, and the presence of fault lines, increases cohesiveness at work. The special challenges that virtual teams pose for a manager include all of the following EXCEPT - ANSWER nature of decision making by virtual team. An example of an operational decision is - ANSWER How often do I go back to the stockroom to get additional products for display? Which of the following statements regarding turnover is true? - ANSWER Even though they are very unhappy with a job, employees may not leave an organization. Research on turnover indicates which of the following statements is FALSE? - ANSWER All turnover is bad for an organization. All of the following are challenges of managing age diversity in the workplace EXCEPT - ANSWER an-age diverse team offers fewer alternatives to a problem than a team where there is limited age diversity. Which of the following statements regarding team size and diversity is correct? - ANSWER Teams that believe in the value of diversity perform better than those which do not.
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If a collectivist was told, "Tell me about yourself.", he might say - ANSWER I am the third child of a doctor and a lawyer. Across a variety of occupations and jobs, what is the one personality trait that most uniformly predicts how high a person's performance will be? - ANSWER conscientiousness (Conscientiousness is the one personality trait that uniformly predicts how high a persons performance will be across a variety of occupations and jobs.) The bounded rationality model should be used to make decisions when - ANSWER the minimum criteria are clear. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with regard to the concept of social loafing? - ANSWER The incidence of social loafing declines as group size increases. Which of the following is a deep-level diversity trait? - ANSWER aggressiveness All of the following are true EXCEPT: - ANSWER Typically, everyone reacts emotionally to the same situation in the same way. Who is most responsible for making strategic decisions? - ANSWER CEOs. Research on the relationship between personality and job performance indicates - ANSWER dependable people are better performers than those less dependable. Making choices among alternative courses of action, including inaction, is - ANSWER decision making. Idea generation tasks - ANSWER deal with creative tasks such as brainstorming a new direction or creating a new process. Study findings on personality indicate - ANSWER we are more emotionally stable and more organized between the ages of 20 and 40. Which of the following statements about surveys is INCORRECT? - ANSWER Close- ended question responses are difficult to summarize. Which statement regarding citizenship behaviors is accurate? - ANSWER People who are older demonstrate higher levels of citizenship. Strategic decisions - ANSWER refer to those setting the course of the organization.
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Which of the following statements regarding race diversity in the American workplace is correct? - ANSWER Overt discrimination against ethnic minorities still occurs in many workplaces. Which of the following statements regarding age and how long we have been at the firm and turnover is FALSE? - ANSWER Individuals who have been on the job only a short period of time are unlikely to turnover because they just got the job. Which of the following questions is an example of a tactical decision? - ANSWER How should we market the new product line?
