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MI Terms & Study Guide NBHWC Exam | 185 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 4 Central components of MI Correct Answer: Acceptance, compassion, evocation, partnership Activation language Correct Answer: mobilizing change talk towards action, falls short of commitment language. i.e. Ready, willing, considering Acceptance Correct Answer: Coach communicates self-worth, accurate empathy, affirmation, and autonomy support. Agenda Mapping Correct Answer: short focusing met conversation where you step back and client chooses a direction from several options. Agreement with a twist Correct Answer: A reflection, affirmation, or accord followed by a reframe Ambivalence Correct Answer: Simultaneous presence of competing motivations for and against change. Amplified Reflection Correct Answer: Coach reflects with greater intensity than client expressed. A form of response to sustain talk or discord. Assessment Trap Correct Answer: Error of beginning consultation with expert info. gathering at cost of not listening to client's concerns. Autonomy Support Correct Answer: 1 of 4 aspects of acceptance as a component of MI. Interviewer accepts and confirms client's irrevocable right to self-determination and choice. Blaming Trap Correct Answer: The clinical error of focusing on blame or fault-finding rather than change CAT Correct Answer: Acronym for 3 subtypes of client mobilizing change talk: Commitment, Activation, Taking Steps Change Talk Correct Answer: Any client speech that favors movement toward a particular change goal.
Chat trap Correct Answer: the clinical error of engaging in excessive small talk and informal chat that does not further the processes of engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. Coming Alongside Correct Answer: A response to persistent sustain talk or discord in which the interviewer accepts and reflects the client's theme. Commitment Language Correct Answer: Client mobilizing change talk that reflects intention or disposition to carry out change. Verbs: Will, do, going to. Compassion Correct Answer: One of the 4 central components of MI. Coach acts benevolently giving priority to client needs and welfare. Complex Reflection Correct Answer: An interviewer reflection that adds additional or different meaning beyond what the client has just said; a guess as to what the client may have meant. Confidence Talk Correct Answer: Change talk that particularly bespeaks ability to change. Continuing the paragraph Correct Answer: A method of reflective listening in which the counselor offers what might be the next (as yet unspoken) sentence in the client's paragraph. DARN Correct Answer: An acronym for four subtypes of client preparatory change talk: desire, ability, reason, and need Decisional Balance Correct Answer: A choice-focused technique that can be used when counseling with neutrality, devoting equal exploration to the pros and cons of change or of a specific plan. Directing Correct Answer: A natural communication style that involves telling, leading, providing advice, information or instruction. Discord Correct Answer: Dissonance in the working relationship. Sustain talk does not itself constitute discord. Examples are arguing, interrupting, discounting, or ignoring.
Guiding Correct Answer: A natural communication style for helping others find their way, combining some elements of both directing and following. Implementation Intention Correct Answer: A stated intention or commitment to take a specific action. Intrinsic Motivation Correct Answer: The disposition and enactment of behavior for its consistency with personal goals and values. Labeling Trap Correct Answer: Coach error of engaging in unproductive struggles to persuade clients to accept a label or diagnosis. Linking Summary Correct Answer: A special form of reflection that connects what the person has just said with something you remember from prior conversation. Menschenbild Correct Answer: One's fundamental view of human nature. MET Correct Answer: An acronym for Motivational Enhancement Therapy. Mobilizing Change Talk Correct Answer: A subtype of client changes talks that expresses or implies action to change: examples are commitment, activation language, and taking steps. MI Correct Answer: A person-centered counseling style for addressing the common problem of ambivalence about change. Orienting Correct Answer: Process of finding a direction for change when the focus of consultation is unclear. Overshooting Correct Answer: A reflection that adds intensity to the content or emotion expressed by a client. (Amplified Reflection) Partnership Correct Answer: 1 of the 4 central components of the spirt of MI which the coach functions as a partner, collaborating with the client's own experience.
Person-centered Counseling Correct Answer: A therapeutic approach introduced by Carl Rogers in which people explore their own experience within a supportive, empathetic, and accepting relationship. (client- centered counseling) Premature Focus Trap Correct Answer: The clinical error of focusing before engaging. trying to direct before you have established a working collaboration and negotiated common goals. Preparatory Change Talk Correct Answer: A subtype of client changes talks that expresses motivations for change without stating or implying specific intent or commitment to do it; examples are desire, ability, reason, and need. Querying Extremes Correct Answer: A strategy for evoking change talk by asking clients to imagine best consequences of change or worst consequences of status quo. Question-Answer Trap Correct Answer: The clinical error of asking too many questions, leaving client in the passive role of answering them. Reactance Correct Answer: Natural human tendency to reassert one's freedom when it appears to be threatened. Recapitulation Correct Answer: A bouquet summary offered at the transition from evoking to planning, drawing together the client's change talk. Reframe Correct Answer: An interviewer statement that invites the client to consider a different interpretation of what has been said. Righting Reflex Correct Answer: The natural desire of helpers to set things right, to prevent harm and promote client welfare. Running Head Start Correct Answer: Strategy for eliciting change talk where the coach first explores perceived 'good things' about the status quo, in order to then query the 'not so good things." Self-actualization
and connection that are autonomy supporting. (quality of relationships and the perception that significant others are invested and understand the person. Autonomy Correct Answer: coach encourages client to initiate behaviors based on client's own values and desires, not those of an outside source/influence. Neuroplasticity Correct Answer: the brain's ability to grow, adapt and change. Neurons forge new connections, creating new pathways and networks in the brain. Robust neural networks require months or a year or more of client neuroplasticity. Being skills coach Correct Answer: mindfulness, empathy, authenticity, affirmation, courage, zest, calm, playfulness, and warmth. Help coaches build and sustain a close relationship and partnership with clients. Unconditional Positive Regard Correct Answer: Being completely accepting toward another person, without reservations. Essential for establishing rapport and trust. Empathy Correct Answer: The feeling that you understand and share another person's experiences and emotions, feelings. Usually with a reflection. Understands and appreciates the experience. Acknowledges the person's right to feel and experience the situation however he or she chooses without needing pity, sadness or disappointment from the coach. Helps build trust and rapport. Sympathy Correct Answer: Person identifies with another's experience. HIPAA Correct Answer: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - protects the privacy and security of health information. positive reframing Correct Answer: framing a client's experience in positive terms, making it easier to engage in brainstorming, action planning, and forward movement. Flow Zone Correct Answer: Speed of coaching that is comfortable yet challenging, and enables clients to achieve their goals. Being skills
Correct Answer: Coaches use these to build growth-promoting relationships with clients. Ie. mindfulness, empathy, warmth, affirmation, calm, zest, playfulness, courage and authenticity. (qualities that can be chosen) An empathetic coach..... Correct Answer: understands and connects with the clients without sharing the. experiences, getting hooked, or being hijacked by emotions emerging from within or from the client. The core relational dynamic that leads to movement and growth in coaching. Autonomous Motivation Correct Answer: People control their own choices and act in ways they find interesting/important. 4 strategies of MI Correct Answer: Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning Rolling with resistance Correct Answer: Instead of pushing back with clients, coaches should avoid the 'righting reflex' and roll with the client's ideas instead of trying to change them. (could cause more resistance and for clients to move backwards) Righting reflex Correct Answer: Coaches should avoid this. When a coach confronts resistance directly by arguing, diagnosing, fixing or anything that fosters resistance. Decisional balance Correct Answer: Developing discrepancy. evaluates the pros and cons of change. Social Cognitive Theory Correct Answer: Beh. is determined by 3 factors which interact.
- Personal factors (what one believes and how one feels about what one can do)
- Environmental factors - support networks and role models)
- Behavioral Factors - what one experiences and accomplishes. Flow Correct Answer: When the challenge of the task and the skills to accomplish it are high and close to equal. Wheel of life Correct Answer: focuses on self-care and balance. When are assessments given? Correct Answer: At the beginning of a coaching relationship b/c they inform coaches and help clients gain self-awareness, insights, and a sense of their priorities for coaching.
Design Destiny Which session is best to establish SMART goals Correct Answer: Second Session Diastolic BP Correct Answer: Lower number tells pressure in the arteries when heart is at rest between beats. Systolic BP Correct Answer: Top number. Tells pressure in arteries when heart beats. At Risk BP 2003 Correct Answer: 120 - 139/80- 89 At Risk BP 2017 Correct Answer: 120-129/- 80 High BP 2003 Correct Answer: 140/ High BP 2017 Correct Answer: 130/80+ Normal BP Correct Answer: 120/80- What do statins do? Correct Answer: Lower LDL Cholesterol Desired total cholesterol Correct Answer: less than 200 mg/dL Leading cause of preventable death Correct Answer: cigarette smoking Most common type of heart disease caused by plaque buildup in arteries Correct Answer: Coronary Artery Disease Desired HDL men & women Correct Answer: Greater than 60mg/Dl HDL
Correct Answer: Good cholesterol (High-density lipoprotein) At Risk HDL Men and Women Correct Answer: Men less than 40mg/dl. Women less than 50mg/dl LDLDesired level men & women Correct Answer: less than 100mg/dL Total cholesterol men and women Correct Answer: 125-200mg/dL Triglycerides & desired level Correct Answer: Fat in blood used for energy. Less than 150mg/dL A1C Test and levels Correct Answer: Measures average blood sugar over 2-3 months. Normal - below 5.7% Pre-diabetes - 5.7-6.4% Diabetes - 6.5 or above Glucose Tolerance Test and levels Correct Answer: Measures B4 and after drink sugary drink after an overnight fast. At 2 hours if: 140mg/dL or below - normal 140 - 199 - prediabetes 200+ - diabetes Random Blood Sugar Test Correct Answer: Measures BP at any time. Have diabetes is over 200mg/dL Fasting Blood Sugar Correct Answer: Overnight 99mg/dL or lower - normal 100 - 125 - prediabetes 126+ - diabetes Visceral Fat Correct Answer: Around internal organs. Most accurately measured by CT or MRI Best reference for abdominal obesity Correct Answer: Use both BMI and Waist Circumference Most common way to measure obesity Correct Answer: BMI
Healthy People Social Determinants Correct Answer: safe and affordable housing local emergency/health services environments free of toxins educational, economic and job opportunities health care public safety exposure to crime/violence poverty, socioeconomic conditions Physical determinants Healthy People Correct Answer: Natural environments buildings, sidewalks, roads, worksites, schools, rec centers housing & community exposure to toxins physical barriers for people with disabilities aesthetic - good lighting, tress etc. My Plate Correct Answer: Replaced food pyramid. Lean proteins. 30% grains, 40% vegetables, 10% fruit, 20% protein, small dairy Harvard Healthy Eating Plan Correct Answer: Plant based diet. Limits potatoes/white rice. DASH diet Correct Answer: Lowers sodium and BP. Sodium less than 2300mg/day. American Heart Assoc. recommends sodium less than 1500mg/day. Ethics of NBHWC Conflict of Interest Correct Answer: Where coach has a personal or private interest which could influence the objective as a coach and his/her professional role. Rolling with Resistance (Motivational Interviewing) Correct Answer: Roll with client don't try to change them. HIPAA Privacy Rule Correct Answer: Protects medical records and personal info. applies to health care professionals. HIPAA acronym Correct Answer: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIPAA Security Rule Correct Answer: - protects electronic personal health info Scope of Practice Rule Correct Answer: can only give info/help if licensed in other area. Minimum Necessary Rule Correct Answer: Minimum necessary to satisfy purpose honoring autonomy Correct Answer: Acknowledging that clients have the decision-making capacity and right to make their own decisions. Process Outcome Correct Answer: Measures progress results and determines when intended outcomes were achieved. Biometric Outcome Correct Answer: BMI, cholesterol, blood glucose, BP and nicotine Double-sided reflection Correct Answer: Shows both sides of ambivalence - you feel 2 ways about this. Amplified Reflection Correct Answer: Extreme or exaggerated way of reflecting in a matter of fact manner with empathy Ambivalence Correct Answer: Mixed feelings or contradictory ideas. Evoking Dissonance Correct Answer: Conflicting beliefs. i.e. Smokers know that smoking is bad for health. Being skills Correct Answer: Mindfulness Empathy Warmth Affirmation Calm Zest Playfulness Courage + authenticity Most significant change is between which stages?
Social Cognitive Correct Answer: Influence of others' experience, the actions of others, environmental factors on individual health behaviors. Observational learning - watching and observing outcomes of others performing desired behavior. Non-violent communication 3 focuses Correct Answer: 1. Self-empathy
- Receiving empathetically
- Expressing honestly 3 parts of NVC Correct Answer: Express feelings not thoughts Make requests, not demands Identify needs not strategies Growth mindset Correct Answer: The belief that abilities can be developed through commitment and hard work Sustain talk Correct Answer: Desire to stay the same Discord Correct Answer: disagreement Elicit-Provoke-Elicit Correct Answer: Find out what client already knows, fill in gaps and gives knowledge, and then explore how will fit into client's life. Validates client's knowledge and allows time to address barriers. Reframing Correct Answer: Changing the meaning of an event, different way of looking at situation. 6 dimensions of wellness Correct Answer: emotional, occupational, physical, social, intellectual, spiritual Doubt & Delay Correct Answer: Drs. Prochaska - Contemplation stage Most appropriate time to assess readiness to change Correct Answer: At the beginning of a session Positive Psychology must include (Seligman) Correct Answer: 1. Pleasant life
- Engaged life
- Meaningful life 3 Domains of Social Intelligence Correct Answer: 1. Self-Awareness
- Self-Management
- Social Awareness Flow Correct Answer: Skill and Challenge are matched Goal Setting Theory Correct Answer: a theory that says that specific and difficult goals, with feedback, lead to higher performance
- Directed Attention
- Persistence
- Strategy Righting Reflex Correct Answer: Coach gives advice and offers solutions 3 Principles of Appreciative Inquiry Correct Answer: 1. Positive
- Anticipatory
- Poetic
