Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Micro 2730 | MICB - Microbiology, Quizzes of Microbiology

Class: MICB - Microbiology; Subject: Microbiology; University: Macomb Community College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2013/2014

Uploaded on 11/14/2014

tina-llama
tina-llama 🇺🇸

1 document

1 / 30

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
TERM 1
Ellie Mitchenkoff
DEFINITION 1
hypoethsized that specialized cells in the body detroy
invading microorganisms
TERM 2
who invented the word phagocyte?
DEFINITION 2
Mitchenkoff
TERM 3
Blood, muscles, bone, and tissues?
DEFINITION 3
sterile
TERM 4
Innate Immunity
DEFINITION 4
Host defences involving anatomical barriers
senor systems that recoginize patterns associated with
microbes or tissue damage
phagocytotic cells and an immune response
TERM 5
innate immunity also known as?
DEFINITION 5
non-specific defense
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e

Partial preview of the text

Download Micro 2730 | MICB - Microbiology and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!

Ellie Mitchenkoff

hypoethsized that specialized cells in the body detroy invading microorganisms TERM 2

who invented the word phagocyte?

DEFINITION 2 Mitchenkoff TERM 3

Blood, muscles, bone, and tissues?

DEFINITION 3 sterile TERM 4

Innate Immunity

DEFINITION 4 Host defences involving anatomical barriers senor systems that recoginize patterns associated with microbes or tissue damage phagocytotic cells and an immune response TERM 5

innate immunity also known as?

DEFINITION 5 non-specific defense

pattern recognition

detecting molecules associated with invading microbes or tissue dammage TERM 7

molecules recognized by Pattern Recognition

DEFINITION 7

  • bacterial cell wall-other compounds associated with damaged host cells TERM 8

Adaptive Immunity

DEFINITION 8 develops throughout life and increases the host ability to defend itself. TERM 9

antigen

DEFINITION 9 a substance that causes an immune response TERM 10

antibodies

DEFINITION 10 Y- shaped proteins-bind to antigens-targeting them for destruction by host defences

Skin and Mucus Membranes

provide physical separation-bathed in antimicrobial secretions TERM 17

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

DEFINITION 17

  • cells have these on their surface and within there phagosomes and endosomes- recognize groups or compounds unique to microbes allowing the sennital cells to detect invadors TERM 18

what happens when invasion is detected by a

Host cell?

DEFINITION 18 cells send chemical signals to alert the other compnents of the host defenses TERM 19

Where are PRRs on some cells?

DEFINITION 19 cytoplasm -- allowing the recosignize whent hey have been invaded by a microbe. TERM 20

complement system

DEFINITION 20 proteins present in the blood and tissue fluid-they can complement the adaptive immune defences

When does the complement system become

activated?

when it is set off by certains stimulie creating a chain of rections for the removal and destrcution of certain microbes TERM 22

When invading micobes or tissue damage is

detected?

DEFINITION 22 Inflamatory response TERM 23

Inflammatory Response

DEFINITION 23

  • innate response-contains the site of damage-localizing the response- eliminating the invader and restoring tissue function TERM 24

Signs of Inflamtion

DEFINITION 24 swellingheatrednesspain TERM 25

complement system and Inflammatory

response

DEFINITION 25 cells that line the local blood vessels under go changes and allows the complement systems proteins to leak out of tissues - phagocytistic cells

First Line of defense -

skinmucus membranesanitomical barriersnormal microbiota TERM 32

mucus membranes

DEFINITION 32 line the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary tract.-mucus prevents microbes from coming in, washes them from surface.-mechanisms to move microbes towards areas where they can be eliminated TERM 33

Peristalisis

DEFINITION 33 contraction of the intestional tract which propels foods and microbes away to remove microbes. TERM 34

mucociliary escaltor; cilia

DEFINITION 34 in respitaorary tractmove in up beat motion to move debris away from lungs towards throat to be swallod TERM 35

Lysozome

DEFINITION 35 enzyme that degrades peptidoglycan-tears, saliva, mucus.-in the body, phagocytistic cells, tissues, fluid that bathes tissues

Peroxidase Enzymes

break down Hydrogen peroide to produce reactive oxygen species-salive and milk, body tissues, phagocytes.-catlase enzyme/ can break it down. TERM 37

Lactoferrin

DEFINITION 37 iron binding protein in saliva, mucus and milk.-withholding iron to prevent microbial growth TERM 38

transferrin

DEFINITION 38 same as lactoferrin but in the blood and tissue fluid TERM 39

Defensin

DEFINITION 39 -antimicrobial peptides produces by nuetrophils and eptheilial cells.-insert into bacterial membranes forming pores. that damge cell. TERM 40

Normal Microbiota

DEFINITION 40 population of microbes that grow on the bodies surface of healthy humans-these are not apart of immune system

Normal Microbiota and Immune system

learns to distinguish harmless bacteria from pathogens TERM 47

hematopoiesis

DEFINITION 47 the formation of RBC TERM 48

hematopoeitic stem cell

DEFINITION 48 all RBC and important cells of the bodys defense originate from this TERM 49

hematpoetic stem cells are capable of

dividing into?

DEFINITION 49 -various types of blood cells TERM 50

colony stimulating factors

DEFINITION 50 group of proteins which make stem cells divide into many different things

Leukocytes 4 groups

  • ganulocytes-mononuclear phagocytes-dendritic cells- lymphocytes TERM 52

granulocytes

DEFINITION 52 contain cytoplasmic granules filled with biologically active chemicles TERM 53

3 types of Granulocyte

DEFINITION 53 -nuetrophil-basophil-eosinphil TERM 54

neutrophils

DEFINITION 54

  • most important and most numerous granulocyte of innate respone-engulf and destroy bacteria-numbers increase during infection TERM 55

basophils

DEFINITION 55 involved in allergic reactions and inflamtion-stain dark with methylene blue-contain histamine that increase capillary inflammation

cells that form from

Monocytes

macrophagesdendric cells TERM 62

Dendritic cells

DEFINITION 62 -functions as scouts-engulf material in the tissues and then bring it to the cells of the adaptive immune system for a inspection-most come from monocytes TERM 63

Lymphocytes- function and 3 types?

DEFINITION 63 -responsible for adaptive immunity- B cells and T cells- NK cells TERM 64

B cells and T cells- function and reside?

DEFINITION 64

  • specific for antigen reconginition- lymph nodes and lymph tissue TERM 65

Natural Killer Cells (NK)

DEFINITION 65 lymphocytes-lack specific immunity for antigen

How does the Immune Systems cells

communicate with each other - 3 things

  • surface receptors-cytokines-adhesion molecules TERM 67

Surface Receptors

DEFINITION 67

  • proteins in the plama membrane "eyes and the ears"- allow the outside of the cell to communicate with the external enviorment- specific receptors for a specific molecule TERM 68

ligand

DEFINITION 68 molecule that can bind to a specific receptor TERM 69

Cytokines

DEFINITION 69 "voices"of the cell-produced by one cells and diffuses to another by binding to cytokine receptor of that cell.-causes cell death TERM 70

chemokines

DEFINITION 70 -important to chemotaxis-have receptors from cytokines

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect

pathogen -associated molecular patterns (PAMP) TERM 77

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns

(PAMPS)

DEFINITION 77 detect generic microbe associated patterns as a sign of microbial invasion TERM 78

Types of PAMPS

DEFINITION 78

  • cell wall components (liposaccharide, pepitoglycan, lipoteich acid, lipoproteins)-flagella-rna subunits of viruses TERM 79

danger associated molecular patterns (DAMP)

DEFINITION 79 molecules that indicate host cell damage TERM 80

Toll like receptors (TLR)

DEFINITION 80 in the membrane of look out cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and cells that line the sterile body sites.recognize a distinct compound associated with microbes-allows cells to see PAMPs in the EC enviorment- endosomal or phagosomal material, facing the lumen of organelle which let macrophages characterize materials they ingested.

TLRS detect a compound they?

a signal is transmitted to cells nuclues causing certain genes to be expressed.-ex, inflammatory response, antiviral response TERM 82

NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

DEFINITION 82 cytoplasmic proteins that detect bacterial components so cell known when own boarders have been breached and also a sign of cell damage. TERM 83

NLRs dect PAMP or DAMP they do what?

DEFINITION 83 unleash a series of events that lead to outcomes that effect the host, may causing its own life. TERM 84

innflamasome (NLRs)

DEFINITION 84 in macrophages NLRs join with other proteins in cytoplasm to form this-actives a potent pro inflammatory cytokine which inniates an inflammatory response. TERM 85

RIG like receptors (RLRs)

DEFINITION 85 -cytoplasmic proteins that detect viral RNA-infected cell to detect an invader (receptors for RNA)

complement proteins that spilt into two

fragments?

known by adding a lowercase letter to each nameC3 split= C3a and C3b TERM 92

3 different Pathways of the Complement

System?

DEFINITION 92

  • Alternative Pathway-Lectin pathway-classical pathway TERM 93

C3 Convertase

DEFINITION 93 the complement system can be activated by the 3 different pathways that converge once it is formed. TERM 94

Alternative Pathway

DEFINITION 94 is triggered when C3b binds to foreign cell surfaces-the binding C3b allows other complement proteins to attach forming C3 covertase-3Cb is always present bc C3 is unstable and splits into a and b TERM 95

what triggers Alternative pathway?

DEFINITION 95 C3b

Lectin Pathway

-involves pattern recognition molecules called mannose binding lectins (MBLs)-these bind to mutiple mannose molecules that characterize microbial cells- once MLB attatches to a surface it can complement system components to from C3 convertase TERM 97

what triggers Lectin pathway

DEFINITION 97 Mannose binding lectin (milk) TERM 98

Classical Pathway

DEFINITION 98 -requires antibody-when antibodies bind to antigen it forms antigen-antibody complex which is also an immune complex- which interacts with the same complement system TERM 99

what triggers the classical pathway?

DEFINITION 99 antibodies TERM 100

Activation of the complement system leads to

3 protective out comes called?

DEFINITION 100 opsonizationinflammatory responselysis of foreign cells