Download Micro 2730 | MICB - Microbiology and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Ellie Mitchenkoff
hypoethsized that specialized cells in the body detroy invading microorganisms TERM 2
who invented the word phagocyte?
DEFINITION 2 Mitchenkoff TERM 3
Blood, muscles, bone, and tissues?
DEFINITION 3 sterile TERM 4
Innate Immunity
DEFINITION 4 Host defences involving anatomical barriers senor systems that recoginize patterns associated with microbes or tissue damage phagocytotic cells and an immune response TERM 5
innate immunity also known as?
DEFINITION 5 non-specific defense
pattern recognition
detecting molecules associated with invading microbes or tissue dammage TERM 7
molecules recognized by Pattern Recognition
DEFINITION 7
- bacterial cell wall-other compounds associated with damaged host cells TERM 8
Adaptive Immunity
DEFINITION 8 develops throughout life and increases the host ability to defend itself. TERM 9
antigen
DEFINITION 9 a substance that causes an immune response TERM 10
antibodies
DEFINITION 10 Y- shaped proteins-bind to antigens-targeting them for destruction by host defences
Skin and Mucus Membranes
provide physical separation-bathed in antimicrobial secretions TERM 17
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
DEFINITION 17
- cells have these on their surface and within there phagosomes and endosomes- recognize groups or compounds unique to microbes allowing the sennital cells to detect invadors TERM 18
what happens when invasion is detected by a
Host cell?
DEFINITION 18 cells send chemical signals to alert the other compnents of the host defenses TERM 19
Where are PRRs on some cells?
DEFINITION 19 cytoplasm -- allowing the recosignize whent hey have been invaded by a microbe. TERM 20
complement system
DEFINITION 20 proteins present in the blood and tissue fluid-they can complement the adaptive immune defences
When does the complement system become
activated?
when it is set off by certains stimulie creating a chain of rections for the removal and destrcution of certain microbes TERM 22
When invading micobes or tissue damage is
detected?
DEFINITION 22 Inflamatory response TERM 23
Inflammatory Response
DEFINITION 23
- innate response-contains the site of damage-localizing the response- eliminating the invader and restoring tissue function TERM 24
Signs of Inflamtion
DEFINITION 24 swellingheatrednesspain TERM 25
complement system and Inflammatory
response
DEFINITION 25 cells that line the local blood vessels under go changes and allows the complement systems proteins to leak out of tissues - phagocytistic cells
First Line of defense -
skinmucus membranesanitomical barriersnormal microbiota TERM 32
mucus membranes
DEFINITION 32 line the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary tract.-mucus prevents microbes from coming in, washes them from surface.-mechanisms to move microbes towards areas where they can be eliminated TERM 33
Peristalisis
DEFINITION 33 contraction of the intestional tract which propels foods and microbes away to remove microbes. TERM 34
mucociliary escaltor; cilia
DEFINITION 34 in respitaorary tractmove in up beat motion to move debris away from lungs towards throat to be swallod TERM 35
Lysozome
DEFINITION 35 enzyme that degrades peptidoglycan-tears, saliva, mucus.-in the body, phagocytistic cells, tissues, fluid that bathes tissues
Peroxidase Enzymes
break down Hydrogen peroide to produce reactive oxygen species-salive and milk, body tissues, phagocytes.-catlase enzyme/ can break it down. TERM 37
Lactoferrin
DEFINITION 37 iron binding protein in saliva, mucus and milk.-withholding iron to prevent microbial growth TERM 38
transferrin
DEFINITION 38 same as lactoferrin but in the blood and tissue fluid TERM 39
Defensin
DEFINITION 39 -antimicrobial peptides produces by nuetrophils and eptheilial cells.-insert into bacterial membranes forming pores. that damge cell. TERM 40
Normal Microbiota
DEFINITION 40 population of microbes that grow on the bodies surface of healthy humans-these are not apart of immune system
Normal Microbiota and Immune system
learns to distinguish harmless bacteria from pathogens TERM 47
hematopoiesis
DEFINITION 47 the formation of RBC TERM 48
hematopoeitic stem cell
DEFINITION 48 all RBC and important cells of the bodys defense originate from this TERM 49
hematpoetic stem cells are capable of
dividing into?
DEFINITION 49 -various types of blood cells TERM 50
colony stimulating factors
DEFINITION 50 group of proteins which make stem cells divide into many different things
Leukocytes 4 groups
- ganulocytes-mononuclear phagocytes-dendritic cells- lymphocytes TERM 52
granulocytes
DEFINITION 52 contain cytoplasmic granules filled with biologically active chemicles TERM 53
3 types of Granulocyte
DEFINITION 53 -nuetrophil-basophil-eosinphil TERM 54
neutrophils
DEFINITION 54
- most important and most numerous granulocyte of innate respone-engulf and destroy bacteria-numbers increase during infection TERM 55
basophils
DEFINITION 55 involved in allergic reactions and inflamtion-stain dark with methylene blue-contain histamine that increase capillary inflammation
cells that form from
Monocytes
macrophagesdendric cells TERM 62
Dendritic cells
DEFINITION 62 -functions as scouts-engulf material in the tissues and then bring it to the cells of the adaptive immune system for a inspection-most come from monocytes TERM 63
Lymphocytes- function and 3 types?
DEFINITION 63 -responsible for adaptive immunity- B cells and T cells- NK cells TERM 64
B cells and T cells- function and reside?
DEFINITION 64
- specific for antigen reconginition- lymph nodes and lymph tissue TERM 65
Natural Killer Cells (NK)
DEFINITION 65 lymphocytes-lack specific immunity for antigen
How does the Immune Systems cells
communicate with each other - 3 things
- surface receptors-cytokines-adhesion molecules TERM 67
Surface Receptors
DEFINITION 67
- proteins in the plama membrane "eyes and the ears"- allow the outside of the cell to communicate with the external enviorment- specific receptors for a specific molecule TERM 68
ligand
DEFINITION 68 molecule that can bind to a specific receptor TERM 69
Cytokines
DEFINITION 69 "voices"of the cell-produced by one cells and diffuses to another by binding to cytokine receptor of that cell.-causes cell death TERM 70
chemokines
DEFINITION 70 -important to chemotaxis-have receptors from cytokines
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect
pathogen -associated molecular patterns (PAMP) TERM 77
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
(PAMPS)
DEFINITION 77 detect generic microbe associated patterns as a sign of microbial invasion TERM 78
Types of PAMPS
DEFINITION 78
- cell wall components (liposaccharide, pepitoglycan, lipoteich acid, lipoproteins)-flagella-rna subunits of viruses TERM 79
danger associated molecular patterns (DAMP)
DEFINITION 79 molecules that indicate host cell damage TERM 80
Toll like receptors (TLR)
DEFINITION 80 in the membrane of look out cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and cells that line the sterile body sites.recognize a distinct compound associated with microbes-allows cells to see PAMPs in the EC enviorment- endosomal or phagosomal material, facing the lumen of organelle which let macrophages characterize materials they ingested.
TLRS detect a compound they?
a signal is transmitted to cells nuclues causing certain genes to be expressed.-ex, inflammatory response, antiviral response TERM 82
NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
DEFINITION 82 cytoplasmic proteins that detect bacterial components so cell known when own boarders have been breached and also a sign of cell damage. TERM 83
NLRs dect PAMP or DAMP they do what?
DEFINITION 83 unleash a series of events that lead to outcomes that effect the host, may causing its own life. TERM 84
innflamasome (NLRs)
DEFINITION 84 in macrophages NLRs join with other proteins in cytoplasm to form this-actives a potent pro inflammatory cytokine which inniates an inflammatory response. TERM 85
RIG like receptors (RLRs)
DEFINITION 85 -cytoplasmic proteins that detect viral RNA-infected cell to detect an invader (receptors for RNA)
complement proteins that spilt into two
fragments?
known by adding a lowercase letter to each nameC3 split= C3a and C3b TERM 92
3 different Pathways of the Complement
System?
DEFINITION 92
- Alternative Pathway-Lectin pathway-classical pathway TERM 93
C3 Convertase
DEFINITION 93 the complement system can be activated by the 3 different pathways that converge once it is formed. TERM 94
Alternative Pathway
DEFINITION 94 is triggered when C3b binds to foreign cell surfaces-the binding C3b allows other complement proteins to attach forming C3 covertase-3Cb is always present bc C3 is unstable and splits into a and b TERM 95
what triggers Alternative pathway?
DEFINITION 95 C3b
Lectin Pathway
-involves pattern recognition molecules called mannose binding lectins (MBLs)-these bind to mutiple mannose molecules that characterize microbial cells- once MLB attatches to a surface it can complement system components to from C3 convertase TERM 97
what triggers Lectin pathway
DEFINITION 97 Mannose binding lectin (milk) TERM 98
Classical Pathway
DEFINITION 98 -requires antibody-when antibodies bind to antigen it forms antigen-antibody complex which is also an immune complex- which interacts with the same complement system TERM 99
what triggers the classical pathway?
DEFINITION 99 antibodies TERM 100
Activation of the complement system leads to
3 protective out comes called?
DEFINITION 100 opsonizationinflammatory responselysis of foreign cells
