Download MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM QUESTIONS - JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.1) One type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a - correct answers Scanning Electron Microscope (ch.1) One type of microscope capable of observing living microorganisms is the: - correct answers Phase-Contrast Microscope (ch.1) Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation? - correct answers Louis Pasteur (ch.1) Fossils of prokaryotes go back: - correct answers 3.5 to 4.0 Billion years (ch.1) A(n) ____________ is not a microorganism. - correct answers Insect (ch.1) The order of the taxonomic category is: - correct answers Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (ch.1) Complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces are called: - correct answers Biofilms (ch.1) A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called: - correct answers Commensalism
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.1) The following industries uses microorganisms: - correct answers Chemical, Wine, Cheese and other food productions, Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Agents, Agriculture, Water Supply Treatment (ch.1) All bacteria are: - correct answers Prokaryotic cells (ch.1) Cells that contain a nucleus are: - correct answers Eukaryotic Cells (ch.1) The taxonomic resource for bacteria is the: - correct answers Bergen's Manual (ch.1) The proteins implicated in spongiform encephalopathy are: - correct answers Prions (ch.1) The cleanup of different industrial waste is referred to as: - correct answers Bioremediation (ch.1) The microscope that is most commonly used to observe sectioned and stained tissues, organs, and microorganisms. - correct answers Bright-Field Microscope (ch.1) The microscope used for the study of living plant and animal cells, microorganisms, and thin tissue slices, and are ideal for cytoplasmic streaming studies. - correct answers Phase-Contrast Microscope
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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Refrigerate foods within 2 hours after cooking to slow bacterial growth and multiplication. Sufficiently cleaning all surfaces upon which food is being prepared. (ch.1) Role of microorganisms in food production. - correct answers Non-pathogenic occur naturally, are beneficial, and are used as started cultures. (ch.2) The atomic number equals the number of: - correct answers Protons (ch.2) A chemical bond in which electrons are equally shared is a: - correct answers Non polar Covalent Bond (ch.2) The bond between water molecules is a: - correct answers Hydrogen Bond (ch.2) The outermost shell of an atom can hold up to ___ electrons. - correct answers 8 (ch.2) The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a: - correct answers Ionic Bond (ch.2) Sucrose is composed of: - correct answers Glucose and fructose
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.2) The unit molecules (monomers) of carbohydrates and glucose and fructose are examples of: - correct answers Monosaccharides (ch.2) The bond between amino acids is a: - correct answers Peptide Bond (ch.2) The RNA nucleotide bade that pairs with adenine of DNA is: - correct answers Uracil (ch.2) What type of charge do neutrons have? - correct answers None (ch.2) An atom with same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is called a: - correct answers Isotope (ch.2) A positively charged ion is a: - correct answers Cation (ch.2) The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones in the presence of water is called: - correct answers Hydrolysis (ch.2) Molecules that can absorb hydrogen ions are: - correct answers Buffers (ch.2) A reaction in which substances/molecules are formed and energy is utilized/consumed. - correct answers Anabolic
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.2) In complimentary base pairing in DNA replication, cytosine is paired with - correct answers Guanine (ch.2) Complementary base pairing involving RNA, adenine is paired with____________ in place of ______________ - correct answers Uracil, Thymine (ch.3)_________________ is not found in all bacterial cells. - correct answers Plasma membrane (ch.3) Bacterial capsules are important in: - correct answers Survival (ch.3) The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the: - correct answers Golgi Complexes (ch.3) The cell organelle found only in algae and plant cells and is necessary for photosynthesis is the: - correct answers Chloroplasts (ch.3) The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of: - correct answers Potassium (ch.3) ________________________ is an active transport mechanism. - correct answers Pinocytosis
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.3) _____________________ is an enzyme. - correct answers Ligase (ch.3) The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic acid is:
- correct answers Acetyl-CoA (ch.3) The anticodons are located in: - correct answers tRNA (ch.3) In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? - correct answers Anaphase (ch.3) Cells without a nucleus are: - correct answers Prokaryotic (ch.3) The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are: - correct answers Hopanoids (ch.3) A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a - correct answers Lysosome (ch.3) The allosteric site is present in: - correct answers Enzymes (ch.3) Prokaryotic cells have _________ ribosomes. - correct answers 70s
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.3) A series of reactions starting with the combination of acetyl-CoA with oxalaoacetic acid to form citric acid and then back to oxaloacetic acid producing molecules of ATP, release of Co2, reduction of three molecules of NAD, and reduction of one molecule of FAD. - correct answers Krebs Cycle (ch.3) What is PMAT? - correct answers Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (ch.21) The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts of various sites in the body after drug administration is called: - correct answers Pharmacokinetics (ch.21) The generic name of a drug refers to its: - correct answers Nonproprietary Name (ch.21) For a drug to have an almost immediate systemic effect it is usually applied: - correct answers By inhalation or rectally (ch.21) The decrease in blood clotting by heparin occurs at what general site of action?
- correct answers Extracellular (ch.21) Which of the following is a phase I reaction in biotransformation? - correct answers Oxidation (ch.21) ___________________ cannot be used to achieve urine formation and drug clearance. - correct answers Tubular Filtration
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.21) ______________________, __________________________, and _____________________________, can be used to achieve urine formation and drug clearance. - correct answers Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Secretion, Tubular absorption (ch.21) ________________________________________ is used in the determination of a drug dose response. - correct answers Normal Frequency Distribution (ch.21) When the drug receptors are maximally activated, this is referred to as the: - correct answers Peak Effect (ch.21) A subacute toxic effect occurs when the adverse drug effect occurs: - correct answers After Repeat Exposure for days (ch.21) The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is: - correct answers Antitoxin (ch.21) The body's metabolism of drugs is called: - correct answers Biotransformation (ch.21) The study of the body's response to poisons and their harmful effect is referred to as: - correct answers Toxicology
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.21) What does time response measure? - correct answers Time of drug administration, onset of time response, cessation of drug effect, peak effect time, during of action time, latency to effect time, and threshold level. (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response; biotransformation of a drug in the liver or GI tract subsequent to oral administration and before entering the general circulation. - correct answers First Pass effect (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response that include molecular weight, ionic change, and solubility. - correct answers Chemical properties of drugs (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response typically due to depletion of detoxifying enzymes. - correct answers Toxic Effect (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to inability to metabolize or excrete drugs. - correct answers Liver/kidney diseases (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to decreased ability to conjugate with glycine. - correct answers Starvation (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by that fact that it neonates who may fail to metabolize drugs. - correct answers Age
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by that fact that it neonates who may fail to metabolize drugs. - correct answers Genetics (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to increased sensitivity to barbiturates in young males. - correct answers Gender (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response in experimental animals may not be the same as responses in humans is called: - correct answers Special Variability (ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by metabolism being affected by specific metabolic body cycles. - correct answers Circadian rhythms (ch.21) _________________ treatment of suspected poison includes support of respiration and circulation, removing source of poison, identifying the poison, administering the antidote, instituting poison elimination procedures, and supportive measures for the patient. - correct answers Nonspecific (ch.21) _________________ treatment of suspected poison includes increasing the rate of poison eliminations and administering certain medications. - correct answers Specific (ch.21) Discuss the public safety measures that need to be taken before a drug is approved: Preclinical research and development - correct answers 1 - 3 years for synthesis and animal screening.
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.6) Microorganisms that show optimal growth at moderate temperatures (25 - 40 degrees C) are called - correct answers Mesophiles (ch.6) A mutation that involves the deletion or insertion of one or more basis is a: - correct answers Frameshift mutation (ch.6) Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi belong to the group of: - correct answers Spirochetes (ch.6) Legionella and Neisseria are examples of: - correct answers Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci (ch.6) Staphylococci and streptococci are best classified in the group of: - correct answers Gram-positive cocci (ch.6) ______________________ is a host-dependant bacterium. - correct answers Mycoplasma (ch.6) Bacteria whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical are referred to as
- correct answers Cocci (ch.6) Microorganisms that acquire energy from light are called - correct answers Phototrophs
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.6) Bacteria whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical are referred to as
- correct answers Cocci (ch.6) Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called - correct answers aerobes or obligate aerobes (ch.6) Non chromosomal DNA molecules in bacteria are - correct answers Plasmids (ch.6) The transfer of genetic material during cell-to-cell contact is a(n) - correct answers conjugation (ch.6) Describe the different stages of the bacterial population growth curve - correct answers Lag phase—bacteria are not increasing greatly in number as they become accustomed to the growth environment Log phase—bacterial number increases exponentially Stationary phase—due to depletion of nutrients and accumulation of metabolic waste, the number of viable cells remains relatively constant Death/decline phase—number of viable cells becomes less than the number of dead cells (ch.6) Discuss for methods to measure bacterial growth - correct answers Measurement of dry weight of cell mass—involves washing, drying, and weighing the cell mass.
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.6) Differentiate between genotype and phenotype - correct answers Genotype is the exact genetic makeup of an organism. Phenotype is the observable characteristics or appearance of the organism. (ch.7) Viruses can infect: - correct answers All organisms (ch.7) The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is: - correct answers Order, family, subfamily, genus, species (ch.7) Viral capsomeres are composed of sub-units called: - correct answers Protomeres (ch.7) According to the Balitmore classification system, RNA viruses belong to: - correct answers Groups II, IV, V (ch.7) A phage in a repressed stage is referred to as a(n): - correct answers Prophage (ch.7) The sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is: - correct answers Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release. (ch.7) A persistent infection that is not lytic but productive is called a: - correct answers Chronic infection
JERSEY COLLEGE 2025 WITH CORRECT
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(ch.7) ______________________ is not a cryptopathic effect as a result of a viral infection. - correct answers Change in antigen (ch.7) ________________________ belongs to the Herpesviridae virus. - correct answers Epstein-Barr virus (ch.7) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by: - correct answers Prions (ch.7) A virus that infects bacteria is referred to as a (an) - correct answers bacteriophage (ch.7) Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus number - correct answers 8 (ch.7) Members of Picornaviridae are _______ viruses - correct answers RNA (ch.7) A fully assembled virus is called a (an) - correct answers Virion (ch.7) Group VI viruses according to the Baltimore classification system include the families Metaviridae, Pseudoviridae, and ____ - correct answers Retroviridae
