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Middle ear physiology, Cheat Sheet of Physiology

Physiology of middle ear quick revision

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2024/2025

Available from 05/08/2025

sunu-khan
sunu-khan 🇮🇳

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MIDDLE EAR
Introduction
The middle ear is an air-filled cavity between the outer and inner ear. Main role:
Transmit and amplify sound from the external environment to the cochlea.
Eustachian Tube
Connection: Links middle ear to nasopharynx (upper throat).
Function:- Equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic
membrane
Auditory Muscles
Tensor Tympani : - Attaches to malleus.
Function: Tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen loud sounds.
Stapedius Muscle: - Attaches to stapes.
Function: Stabilizes the stapes and reduces vibration intensity.
Auditory Ossicles
Three small bones:
Malleus (hammer): Attached to the tympanic membrane.
Incus (anvil): Connects malleus to stapes.
Stapes (stirrup): Fits into the oval window of the inner ear.
Function: Amplify and convey sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to inner ear.
Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)
Location: Separates external ear from middle ear.
Structure: Thin, semi-transparent membrane.
Function: Vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits vibrations to auditory ossicles.

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MIDDLE EAR

Introduction

The middle ear is an air-filled cavity between the outer and inner ear. Main role: Transmit and amplify sound from the external environment to the cochlea.

Eustachian Tube

Connection: Links middle ear to nasopharynx (upper throat). Function:- Equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

Auditory Muscles

Tensor Tympani : - Attaches to malleus. Function: Tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen loud sounds. Stapedius Muscle: - Attaches to stapes. Function: Stabilizes the stapes and reduces vibration intensity.

Auditory Ossicles

Three small bones: Malleus (hammer): Attached to the tympanic membrane. Incus (anvil): Connects malleus to stapes. Stapes (stirrup): Fits into the oval window of the inner ear. Function: Amplify and convey sound vibrations from tympanic membrane to inner ear.

Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)

Location: Separates external ear from middle ear. Structure: Thin, semi-transparent membrane. Function: Vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits vibrations to auditory ossicles.