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Essential Features of Panic Disorder
As a result of surprise panic attacks, the patient fears that they will happen again or tries to avert further attacks by taking (ineffective) action, such as abandoning a once-favored activities or avoiding places where attacks have occurredThe D'sDuration of 1+ monthsDistress or disability as abodeDifferential Diagnosis such as substance use and physical disorders, other anxiety disorders, mood & psychotic disorders, OCD, PTSD TERM 2
Essential Features of Agoraphobia
DEFINITION 2 These patients almost invariably experience inordinate anxiety or dread when they have to be alone or away from homeThese people are afraid that escape would be impossible or that help (in the event of a panic) is unavailableThe D'sDuration of 6+ monthsDistress or disability in work/educational, social, or personalDifferential as in substance, physical, anxiety disorders, mood & psychotic, OCD, PTSD, SAD, situational phobias, panic disorder TERM 3
Essential Features of Specific Phobia
DEFINITION 3 A specific situation or thing habitually causers such immediate, inordinate (and unreasonable) dread or anxiety that the patient avoids it or endures it with much anxietyThe D'sDuration of 6+ monthsDistress or disability in work/educational, social, or personalDifferential can be substance use, physical, agoraphobia, SAD, mood and psychotic, anorexia, OCD, PTSD TERM 4
Essential Features of Social Anxiety Disorder
DEFINITION 4
Inordinate anxiety is attached to circumstances where others
could closely observe the patient; Patient avoids these
situations or endures them with much anxietyThe
D'sDuration of 6+ monthsDistress or disability in
work/educational, social, personalDifferential diagnosis-
same, esp agoraphobiaSpecify if: performance only
TERM 5
Essential Features of Generalized Anxiety
Disorder
DEFINITION 5 Hard to control, excessive worrying about a variety of issues- health, family problems, money, school, work- results in physical and mental complaints: muscle tension, restlessness, becoming easily tired and irritable, experiencing poor concentration, and trouble with insomniaThe D'sDuration of most days for 6+ monthsDistress or disability in work/educational, social, or personalDifferential diagnosis- same + realistic worry
Essential Features of OCD
The patient has distressing obsessions or compulsions (or both) that occupy so much time they interfere with accustomed routinesThe D'sDistress or disability- typically occupy an hour a day or more or cause work/educational, social, or personal impairmentSpecify degree of insight:with good or fair insightwith poor insightwith absent insight/delusional beliefsSpecify if: Tic related TERM 7
Essential Features of Body Dysmorphic
Disorder
DEFINITION 7 In response to a minuscule, sometimes invisible physical flaw, the patient repeatedly checks in a mirror, asks for reassurance, or picks at patches of skin- or makes mental comparisons with other peopleThe D'sDistress or disability in work/educational, social, or personalDifferential DiagnosisSpecify if: with muscle dysmorphiaSpecify degree of insight: good or fair; poor; absent or delusional TERM 8
Essential Features of Hoarding Disorder
DEFINITION 8
These patients have an overwhelming urge to accumulate
stuffThe D'sDuration (not stated, other than
"persistent")Distress or disability in work/educational, social,
or personalDifferential diagnosisSpecify if: with excessive
acquisitionSpecify degree of insight: good or fair; poor;
absent or delusional
TERM 9
Essential Features of PTSD
DEFINITION 9
The D'sDuration of 1+ monthsDistress or disability in
work/educational, social, or personalDifferential
diagnosisSpecify if:with delayed expressionwith dissociative
symptoms: depersonalization, derealization
TERM 10
Major Depressive Episode
DEFINITION 10 Patient must have felt bad most of the day, almost every day, for at least 2 weeks and present at least 5 symptomsdepressed mood, loss of pleasure, difference in appetite and weight, trouble with sleep, fatigue, psychomotor retardation, agitated, low self-esteem or guilt, trouble with concentration, thoughts of death, death wishes, or suicidal ideas
Essential Features of Persistent Depressive
Disorder (Dysthymia)
Low grade depression; symptoms occur most of the time for 2 years (they are never absent for longer than 2 months) NO MANIADuration is more days than not for 2+ yearsDistress or disability in work/educational, social, personalDifferential can be substance use and physical, ordinary grief and sadness, adjustment to long standing stressor, bipolar disorders, MDDSpecify severitySpecify onset: Early (if begins by age 20); Late (if 21+)Specify if: with pure dysthymic syndrome; with persistent major depressive episode, with intermittent major depressive episodes TERM 17
Essential Features of Cyclothymic Disorder
DEFINITION 17 Patient has had many ups and downs of mood that don't meet criteria for any of the mood episodes; Although symptoms occur most of the time, as much as a couple of months of level mood can go byDuration of 2+ yearsDistress or disability in work/educational, social, or personalDifferential: substance use, physical, other bipolar disordersSpecify if: with anxious distress TERM 18
Essential Features of Premenstrual Dysphoric
Disorder
DEFINITION 18 For a few days before menstruating, patient experiences pronounced mood shifts, depression, anxiety, anger, or other expressions of dysphoria. Also admit to typical symptoms of depressionDuration is for several days around periods, for most cycles during the past yearDistress or disability in social, occupational, or personalDifferential: substance use; physical; MDD or Dysthymia; ordinary grief/sadness TERM 19
Bipolar I Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 19
18 years old for 1st manic/hypomanic or major depressive
episodeMale to female prevalence is 1:1Females are more
likely to experience rapid cycling and mixed states and to
have patterns of comorbidity that differ in males
TERM 20
Bipolar II Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 20
Mid-20s (later than Bipolar I, but earlier than MDD)Little to no
evidence of gender differences, but clinical samples suggest
more common in females (could be gender differences in
treatment seeking)
Cyclothymic Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
Adolescence or early adulthoodGeneral population: equal;
Clinical population: females more likely than males to
present for treatment
TERM 22
Major Depressive Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 22
May appear at any age, but increases markedly with puberty
and peaks at age 20 (late life onset not common)In ages 18-
29, prevalence is 3x higher than individuals aged 60 or
olderFemales have 1.5-3x higher rates than males
TERM 23
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
Onset & Prevalences
DEFINITION 23
Early, insidious onset with chronic courseOnset before age 21
is associated with a higher likelihood of comorbid personality
disordersN/A on gender differences
TERM 24
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 24
Any point after menarche (1st period)Some report that
symptoms worsen as they approach menopauseOnly in
females
TERM 25
Specific Phobia Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 25
Following a traumatic eventMedian age of onset is between 7
& 11 years old with a mean of 10 yearsFemales more
frequently affected with a 2:1 ratio
OCD Onset &
Prevalences
In U.S., mean age is 19.5 years and 25% of cases start by age 14Onset after 35 is unusual, but does occurMales (nearly 25% before age 10) have an earlier onset than femalesOnset of symptoms is typically gradual, but acute onset has been reportedFemales affected at a slightly higher rate in adulthood, but males are more commonly affected in childhood and are likely to have comorbid tic disorders; Females more likely to have symptoms in the cleaning dimension; Males more likely in forbidden thoughts and symmetry dimensions TERM 32
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 32
Mean age between 16-17 years oldMedian age at onset is
15Most common age at onset is 12-132.5% in females and
2.2% in males
TERM 33
Hoarding Disorder Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 33
Symptoms first emerge around ages 11-15 and begin to
interfere with functioning around mid-20s, causing significant
impairment by 30sGenerally comparable, but females tend
to display more excessive acquisition, particularly excessive
buying
TERM 34
PTSD Onset &
Prevalences
DEFINITION 34 Onset can occur at any age, beginning at first years of lifeSymptoms usually begin within the first 3 months after the trauma, although there may be a delay of months or years before criteria is met (called "delayed expression"- used to be called "delayed onset")More prevalent in females across the lifespanFemales experience PTSD in longer durationFemales are attributable to gender likelihood of experiencing traumatic events such as rape and interpersonal violence
