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Download Geography: Systematic & Regional Approaches, Globalization, Climate, Culture, Economy and more Quizzes Political Geography in PDF only on Docsity!
Systematic Approach to Geography
Studying processes in different places.
TERM 2
Globalization
DEFINITION 2
The increasing interconnectedness of people and places
through converging processes of economic, political, and
cultural change.
TERM 3
Material Culture
DEFINITION 3
Tangible traits ie: Consumer goods
TERM 4
Regional Approach to Geography
DEFINITION 4
Studying how processes interact within a particular
place/region.
TERM 5
Climate
Region
DEFINITION 5
Where similar conditions prevail over a large area,
boundaries are drawn cartograpically around that area.
Non-Material Culture
Intangible traits ie: Knowledge and beliefs
TERM 7
Cultural "Hybridities"
DEFINITION 7
Unique cultural expressions merging from different cultures.
TERM 8
Climograph
DEFINITION 8
Graphs of average high and low temperatures and
precipitation for an entire year.
TERM 9
Cultural Imperialism
DEFINITION 9
Active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of
another.
TERM 10
Urban Primacy
DEFINITION 10
When a country has a primate city 3 times larger than the
next city.
Altitudinal Zonation
As elevation increases temperatures decrease and
vegetation changes.
TERM 17
Nationalized Industries
DEFINITION 17
Operated by the state with the goal of self-sufficiency.
TERM 18
Neoliberal Policies
DEFINITION 18
Privatization of nationalized industries.
TERM 19
Import Substitution
DEFINITION 19
Foster domestic industry by imposing steep tariffs on
imports.
TERM 20
Maquiladoras
DEFINITION 20
Assembly plants on Mexican border built with foreign capital
to produce exports.
Dollarization
A country that partially or fully adopts US dollar as official
currency.
TERM 22
Informal
Sector
DEFINITION 22
Unregulated and untaxed employment.
TERM 23
Aqueduct
DEFINITION 23
Human made channel for transporting water.
TERM 24
Post-Industrial Economy
DEFINITION 24
An economy in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors
dominate employment and expansion.
TERM 25
"Main Street" Corridor
DEFINITION 25
Canada's most densely populated urban region. Southeast
Canada from Quebec to Windsor. Includes several large
cities.
Sectoral Transformation
Shift in the concentration of a country's economic activity
and employment.
TERM 32
Internally Displaced Persons
DEFINITION 32
Someone who is forced to flee their home but who, unlike a
refugee, remains within their country's borders.
TERM 33
Rift
DEFINITION 33
As plates diverge, land sinks to form valleys.
TERM 34
Transhumance
DEFINITION 34
The seasonal movement of people with their livestock.
TERM 35
Sahel
DEFINITION 35
Zone of ecological transition between the Sahara and wetter
Savanna to the south of Africa.
Desertification
Expansion of desert conditions.
TERM 37
Pastoralism
DEFINITION 37
Specialize in raising livestock.
TERM 38
Total Fertility Rate
DEFINITION 38
Average number of births a woman will have in her lifetime.
TERM 39
Subsistence Agriculture
DEFINITION 39
Self-sufficiency farming in which farmers focus on growing
enough food to feed their families and to sell at local
markets.
TERM 40
Lingua Franca
DEFINITION 40
Common language used to facilitate communication for a
specific purpose, usually trade.
Refugee
A person who flees their country because of a well-founded
fear of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion,
ideology, or political affiliation.
TERM 47
Isolation Proximity
DEFINITION 47
Sustains cultural diversity, but limits economic opportunity.
Promotes migration to and economic dependence on North
America.
TERM 48
Circular Migration
DEFINITION 48
Move to find work, save money, and return home.
TERM 49
Diaspora
DEFINITION 49
Culture group scattered abroad over a large geographic
area.
TERM 50
Creolization
DEFINITION 50
Blending of European and African cultures.
Transnationalism
Immigrants maintaining close social, economic, and/or
political ties with home countries. Made possible through
media and telecommunications.
TERM 52
Chain Migration
DEFINITION 52
Individuals move first, followed by a chain of family and
friends.
TERM 53
Free-Trade Zones
DEFINITION 53
Tariff-free industrial parks attract assembly work from
foreign corporations.
TERM 54
Capital Leakage
DEFINITION 54
Huge gap between gross receipts and total tourist dollars
that stay.
TERM 55
Offshore Banking
DEFINITION 55
Offer foreign clients confidential and tax-exempt banking.
Physiologic Density
Number of people per unit of arable lands.
TERM 62
Islamic Fundamentalism
DEFINITION 62
Return to traditional beliefs and practices within the religion.
Emerged as a reaction against encroachment of global
population culture in the past 40 years.
TERM 63
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)
DEFINITION 63
Created as a way to control world market price of oil.
TERM 64
Greater Arab Free-Trade Area
(GAFTA)
DEFINITION 64
Spur intraregional cooperation and eliminate trade barriers.
TERM 65
Primary
Sector
DEFINITION 65
Extraction of raw materials
Major Manufacturing Sectors in North
America: Northeast and Great Lakes
Historic core, heavy industry (auto and steel)
TERM 67
Native American Policies
DEFINITION 67
Historically in the 1800s killed them off or relocated them. In
the 1900s assimilation. Since the 1970s, granted greater self-
governance, given back some rights to natural resources,
and given back some land.
TERM 68
Political Tensions in Quebec
DEFINITION 68
French-Canadian back party gained control of parliament in
1976. Made French official language. Held a referendum on
provincial succession.
TERM 69
Major Manufacturing Sectors in North
America: Gulf Coast
DEFINITION 69
Petroleum and petrochemicals
TERM 70
Tertiary
Sector
DEFINITION 70
Services (including retail and transportation)
Top 5 U.S. Trade Partners
Canada China Mexico Japan Germany
TERM 77
The Columbian
Exchange
DEFINITION 77
Biological exchange of plants, animals, and diseases
between Latin America, Europe, and Africa following
European contact.
TERM 78
U.S. Relationship with Puerto Rico
DEFINITION 78
Commonwealth of the U.S. Puerto Ricans have U.S.
citizenship. Don't vote in presidential elections, but do in
primaries. Have a non-voting representative in the House of
Representatives. U.S. military protects Puerto Rico. Puerto
Rico voted in a referendum to stay a commonwealth of the
U.S.
TERM 79
Iraq's International Conflicts
DEFINITION 79
Squelched uprisings by Kurds and Shiites in 1980s and 1990s
Invaded Iran, 1980-1888 (Iran-Iraq War) Invaded Kuwait,
1990-1991(Persian Gulf War) Toppled by the U.S. in 2003
TERM 80
AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
DEFINITION 80
AIDS originated in Africa in the 1970s. 29.4million people
have AIDS in Sub-Sahara Africa. In 2007, the average life
expectancy was 49 years.
Israel's West Bank
Israeli leadership let Jewish settlers in occupied West Bank.
Israeli security barrier constructed in 2003 to separate Jewish
and Palestinian communities. Barrier obstacle for
Palestinians.
TERM 82
U.S. Relationship with Cuba
DEFINITION 82
Cold War enemy of the U.S. Fidel Castro allied with the USSR.
In 1961, trade embargo, which continues today that includes
travel restrictions. Since 1991, Cuba has opened up to trade,
tourism, and joint ventures with non-communist countries.
TERM 83
Three Distinct Ethnic Groups in Iraq
DEFINITION 83
Shia Arabs Sunni Arabs Sunni Kurds
TERM 84
Niger-Congo Language Family
DEFINITION 84
Spread by pioneering farmers
TERM 85
Islamic Influence of Urban Landscapes
DEFINITION 85
Islam influenced cityscapes, they layout and the look of the
city.
