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Key Terms and Definitions in Cell Biology: Chromatin, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetics, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions for various terms related to chromatin, mitosis, meiosis, and genetics. Topics covered include chromatin, centrosome, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, mitosis, metaphase plate, cytokinesis, homologous chromosomes, locus, allele, g zero, synapsis, chiasm, crossing over, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, factors affecting genes, location of meiosis, another name for meiosis, chromatin, centromere, centrosomes, growth factor, density-dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence, cell cycle control system, tumor, benign tumor, malignant tumor, metastasis, carcinomas, leukemias and lymphomas, sarcomas, somatic cell, homologous chromosomes, locus, diploid, haploid, meiosis, tetrads, crossing over, chiasma, genetic recombination, karyotype, nondisjunction, deletion, duplication, inversion, and reciprocal translocation.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 10/18/2011

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TERM 1
chromatin
DEFINITION 1
DNA & protein
TERM 2
Centrosome
DEFINITION 2
Microtubule organizing center
TERM 3
Prometaphase
DEFINITION 3
Nuclear membrane disappears & microtubule spindle
completely forms
TERM 4
Metaphase
DEFINITION 4
Chromosomes line up in the middle
TERM 5
Anaphase
DEFINITION 5
Sister chromatids separate
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Download Key Terms and Definitions in Cell Biology: Chromatin, Mitosis, Meiosis, and Genetics and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

chromatin

DNA & protein

TERM 2

Centrosome

DEFINITION 2

Microtubule organizing center

TERM 3

Prometaphase

DEFINITION 3

Nuclear membrane disappears & microtubule spindle

completely forms

TERM 4

Metaphase

DEFINITION 4

Chromosomes line up in the middle

TERM 5

Anaphase

DEFINITION 5

Sister chromatids separate

Mitosis

Growth, repair, development

TERM 7

metaphase plate

DEFINITION 7

the place where the chromosomes are lined up in the middle.

TERM 8

cytokinesis

DEFINITION 8

splitting of the cytoplasm

TERM 9

homologus chromosomes

DEFINITION 9

1 chromosome from mom & 1 chromosome from dad.

TERM 10

locus

DEFINITION 10

location of the gene -where they are located on the gene.

Metaphase 1

homologus chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.

TERM 17

anaphase 1

DEFINITION 17

when the homologus chromosomes separate.

TERM 18

What are the factors that affect the genes

found on sperm and egg?

DEFINITION 18

1.crossing over 2. independant assortment 3.random

fertilization

TERM 19

Where does meiosis occur?

DEFINITION 19

in the gonads of humans (overies and testes)

TERM 20

what is another name for meiosis?

DEFINITION 20

reduction division

chromatin

DNA in a loose state

TERM 22

centromere

DEFINITION 22

a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a

chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come

closest in contact.

TERM 23

centrosomes

DEFINITION 23

main microtubule-organizing center

clouds of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contain

pairs of centrioles

TERM 24

growth factor

DEFINITION 24

a protein secreted by certain body cells that stimulates other

cells to divide.

TERM 25

density-dependent inhibition

DEFINITION 25

a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing

metastasis

the spread of cancer beyond their original site

TERM 32

carcinomas

DEFINITION 32

cancers that originate in the external or internal coverings of

the body, such as the skin or the lining of the intestine.

TERM 33

leukemias and lymphomas

DEFINITION 33

cancers of blood-forming tissues, such as bone marrow,

spleen, and lymph nodes.

TERM 34

sarcomas

DEFINITION 34

arise in tissues that support the body, such as bone and

muscle

TERM 35

somatice cell

DEFINITION 35

a typical body cell

homologous chromosomes

chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position,

and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics

at corresponding loci.

TERM 37

locus

DEFINITION 37

place where a certain genes is on the chromosome

TERM 38

diploid

DEFINITION 38

the total number of chromosomes. (2n)

TERM 39

haploid

DEFINITION 39

a cell with a single chromosome set. -it has only one member

of each homologous pair. (n) (n=23)

TERM 40

meiosis

DEFINITION 40

type of cell division that produces haploid gametes in diploid

organisms.

sexual reproduction

nondisjunction

the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during

meiosis stage 1 or stage 2. This could arise from a failure of

homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis I, or the

failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis II or

mitosis.

TERM 47

deletion

DEFINITION 47

a segment of a chromosome is removed

TERM 48

duplication

DEFINITION 48

a segment of a chromosome is copied and inserted into the

homologous chromosome

TERM 49

inversion

DEFINITION 49

a segment of a chromosome is removed and the reinserted

'backward" to its original orientaion

TERM 50

reciprocal translocation

DEFINITION 50

segments fo two nonhomologous chromosomes swap

locations with each other.