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MN553 Unit 2 Quiz / MN 553 Unit 2 Quiz (Newest 2020): Pharmacology: Kaplan University(ANS, Exams of Nursing

MN553 Unit 2 Quiz / MN 553 Unit 2 Quiz (Newest 2020): Pharmacology: Kaplan University(ANSWERS VERIFIED ALL CORRECT)

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2024/2025

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MN553 Unit 2 Quiz / MN 553 Unit 2 Quiz (Newest
2020): Pharmacology: Kaplan University(ANSWERS
VERIFIED ALL CORRECT)
half life
- answers -
:the amount of time requrided for a drug to decrease in the body 50% is
called
steady state
half life
phase II metabilism
reduced bioavaliblity time
Down regulate the numbers of that specfic receptor
- answers -
:An agonist activates a receptor
and stimlates a rsponse when given frequently over time, the body may...
upregulate the total number of receptors
block the receptor witha partial agonist
alter the drugs metabolsim
downregulate the numbers of that specific receptor
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MN553 Unit 2 Quiz / MN 553 Unit 2 Quiz (Newest

2020): Pharmacology: Kaplan University(ANSWERS

VERIFIED ALL CORRECT)

half life - answers - :the amount of time requrided for a drug to decrease in the body 50% is

called steady state half life phase II metabilism reduced bioavaliblity time

Down regulate the numbers of that specfic receptor - answers - :An agonist activates a receptor

and stimlates a rsponse when given frequently over time, the body may... upregulate the total number of receptors block the receptor witha partial agonist alter the drugs metabolsim downregulate the numbers of that specific receptor

Is modified by the concurrent administration of another drug - answers - :Drug antagonsim is

best defined as an effect of a drug that leads to major phsiolgical and psychological dependence is modified by the concurrent administration of anothe drug cannot be metabolized before another dose is administered leads to a drecrese physolgical response when combined with another drug.

to achieve the best effect, take the tablet with at least 8 ounces of water - answers -

:Instructions for a client regarding self administration of oral enteric coated tableted should include which of the following statements... avoid any other oral medicenes while taking this drug if swallowing this tablet is difficult dissolve in orange juice the tablet may be crushed if you have trouble taking it to achieve the best effect, take the tablet with at least 8 ounces of water

toxicity - answers - :The main reason for not crushing a sustained release tablet is that if

crushed the coated beads of the drugs could result in disintegration

Absrobed rapidly - answers - :an advantage of prescribing a sublingual medicaiton is that the

medication is absorbed rapidly excreted rapidly metabilized minmally distrubted equally

both 1 and 2 - answers - :Drugs that use CYP3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may

induce the metabolism of another drug inhibit the metabolism of another drug both 1 and 2 not 1 or 2

After for to five half lifes - answers - :theraputic drug levels are drawn when a drug reaches

steady state drugs reach steady state.... after second dose

after four to five half lives when the patient feels the full effect of the drug one hour after IV administration

an exaggerated response if the drug is withdrawn - answers - :Upregulation or

hypersensitization may lead to increased response to a drug decreased response to a drug an exaggerated response to a drug if it is withdrawn refractories or complete lack of response All aplications for new active ingredients, new indications, new dosage forms, or new routes of

adminstration require pediatric studies - answers - :The Pediatric Research Equity Acts require

All children be provided equal acess to drug research trials children to be included in the planning phase of new drug development that pediatric drug trials guarantee chiclren of multiople ethnich groups are included

Prescribing dosages, will vary based on the developmental acivity of each enzyme. at times requireing lower doses than adult doses and other times hiher than adult doses based on the age of the child

Lower doses of renally excreted drugs may be prescribed to infants youger than age 6 months -

answers - :Developmental variations in renal function has what impact on prescribing for infants

and children? Lower doses of renally excreted drus may be prescribed to infants younger than age 6 months higher doses of water soulable drugs may need to be prescribed becasue of increased renal excretion renal excretion reates have no impact on prescribing parents need to be instructed on whether drugs are renally excreted or not

Of hyopothalamic, pituitary adrenal axis supression - answers - :Topical corticosteroids are

prescribed cautiously in young children because they may cause and intense hypersensitivity reaction of hypothalamic pituatiry adrenal axis supression corticosteroids are less effective in young children young children may accumulate corticosterods, leading to toxic levels

All the above - answers - :Liza is breastfeeding her 2 month old sone and has an infection that

requires an antibiotic. what drug factors influence the effect of the drug on the infant maternal drug levels half life lipid soluablility all the above

antineoplastic drugs such as methotrexate - answers - :Drugs that are absoluely contraindicated

in lactating women include SSRI antiepileptic drugs such as carbamazapine antineoplastic drugs such as methotrexate all the above

how to administer and oral drug using a medication syringe - answers - :Zia is a 4 month old

patietn with otitis media, education of his paretns regarding administering oral abx to an infant include how to administer and oral drug using a medication syringe mixing teh med with formula and putting it in a bottle

CYP P450 - answers - - :Liver enzyme that detoxifies substances,

Makes them easier to be excreted.

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) - answers - - :minor mutations that can result in

metabolic activity changes, including increased and decreased drug responses

primary organ of excretion for drugs - answers - - :kidney

blood flow differences in infants - answers - - :increased blood flow to muscles 1-6 mo EXCEPT

during illness, can cause slower or rapid perfusion

Pediatric GI function - answers - - :pH increases gradually- reaches adult levels @ 20-30 months

preemies are even slower

Diarrhea and kids - answers - - :kids with diarrhea have poor absorption of oral drugs

Pediatric skin absorption - answers - - :Kids have thinner stratum corneum so topical

medications are absorbed more readily: increased risk of toxicity

Infants and Lipid Soluble drugs - answers - - :decreased volume distribution, less plasma proteins

for binding, require higher doses of hydrophilic drugs

CYP1A2 (phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - answers - - :reaches adult level by 4 mo and then higher

than adult levels through childhood then declines

CYP2D2 (Phase 1 enzyme) pediatric - answers - - :absent or 5% active at birth reaches adult

levels by 3-5 yrs but has significant genetic variability

CYP2D6 ultrametabolizers - answers - - :up to 20 percent of Ethiopians are 2D6 ultra-

metabolizers but 3.4-6.5 percent of non-Ethiopian African Americans are ultra-metabolizers, same for caucasians

small intestine and drug metabolism - answers - - :small intestine is a major site of drug

metabolism d.t. CYP450 enzymes and may be a large variation in capacity of SB to metabolize drugs

Common drugs metabolized in phase II - answers - - :acetaminophen, morphine, Propofol, and

caffeine

Body Fat and drugs - answers - - :women have more body fat means a larger volume of

distribution for lipophilic agents, women experience more adverse reactions after drugs saturate all sites in adipose tissues and more drugs stay in the blood stream

CYP3A4 and Women - answers - - :activity higher in women : group of isoenzymes responsible

for drug metabolism ex: azole antifungal, calcium channel blocker, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, antimicrobials, and corticosteroids

CYP1A2 and Women - answers - - :activity lower in women enzyme responsible for metabolizing

many drugs :theophylline, cruciferous foods like broccoli and cabbage may induce drug metabolism apiaceous vegetables like carrots, parsnip, celery, or parley may inhibit CYP1A activity

CYP2D6 - answers - - :metabolizes 25% of prescribed drugs

34*5 majority of bad metabolizers Antidepressants Antipsychotics Antiarrythmics *carvedilol, *metoprolol

poor metabolizer - answers - - :metabolize drugs slow due to the lack of a working enzyme and

can lead to accumulation of an active drug

Intermittent metabolizer - answers - - :heterogeneous of one working enzyme

Extensive Metabolizers - answers - - :Respond as expected to standard doses

Ultrarapid metabolizers - answers - - :- break down drugs at faster rates than extensive

metabolizers

  • no effect or less-than-expected effectiveness from drugs

CYP2D6 and Codeine - answers - - :codeine is an opioid prodrug that is catalyzed by CYP2D6 into

morphine the efficacy/safety of patients using codeine is determined by CYP2D6 phenotype *poor metabolizers get small/no effect, but UM have high risk of toxicity

ultra-metabolizer and breastfeeding - answers - - :mom can pass codeine to baby through breast

milk causing CNS effects

Poor metabolizers and codiene - answers - - :they are unable to convert it into its active form

What properties affect the distribution of drugs - answers - - :drug size, charge, chemical

structure, pH, molecular size, lipid or water solubility

first pass metabolism - answers - - :metabolism by the liver following oral administration

Phase 1 reactions - answers - - :Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis or non-synthetic reactions that

prepare the drug for further metabolism - to make the drug more water soluble

Phase II reactions - answers - - :synthetic or conjugation reactions, something is added to drug

to make it more water soluble and more easily excreted by the kidneys

Distribution of the drug to target tissue may be effected - answers - :A patients nutritional intake

and lab results reflect hypoalbuminemia, this is critical to prescribing because: Distribution of the drug to target tissues may be effected the soluability of the drug will not match the site of absrobriton there will be less free drug availible to give an effect drugs bond to albumin and are redily excreted by the kidneys

Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action - answers - :Drugs

that have a significant first pass effect must be given by the enteral route only bypass the hepatic circulation are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action are converted by the liver to more active and fat soluable forms

pharmacodynamics saftey and side effects

Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range - answers - :Azithromycin dosing requires

that the first days dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. Loading doses: Rapidly achieve drug levels in the theraputic range Require for to five half lifes to attain Is influenced by renal function Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues

Onset of action - answers - :The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the

first sign of a theraputic effect is the minimum adverse effect level peak of action onset of action theraputic range

To determine if the drug is in theraputic range - answers - :Phenytoin requies a trough level to

be drawn. Peak and trough are done when the drug has a wide theraputic range when the drug will be admin. for a short time only when there is a high correlation between the dose and the saturation of receptor sites to determine if a drug is in the theraputic range

Concentration will produce an adverse response - answers - :A labratory result indicates that the

peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic concentration. This means that the: Concentration will produce theraputic effects Concentration will produce an adverse response time between doses must be shortened Duration of action of the drug is too long

Desensitization or downregulation with continuous use - answers - :Drugs that are receptor

agonists may demonstrate what property Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site

Begin distribution into the body immediately - answers - :Drugs administered via IV

need to be lipid soluable to be easily absorbed Begin distribution into the body immediately Are easily absorbed if the are non ionized May use pinocytosis to be absorbed

Greater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually - answers - :When a medication is

added to a regimen for a synergistic effect, the combinded effect of the drug is The sum of the effects of each drug individually Greater than the sum of the effect of each drug individually Less than the effect of each drug individually Not predictable, as it varies with each individual Bioavailiblity issues are especially important for drugs with narrow theraputic ranges or

sustaned release mechanisms - answers - :Which of the following statements about

bioavalibility is true?

Bioavailiblity issues are especially important for drugs with narrow theraputic ranges or sustaned release mechanisms All brands of a drug have the same bioavaliblity Drugs that are administed more than once a day have a greater bioavlilbltiy than drugs given once a day Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect bioavlaliblity

The blood bran barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells - answers -

:Which of the following statements about the major distribution barries is true Water soluable and ionized drugs cross the barieers rapidly The blood brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells The fetal placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by the mother lipid soluable drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for pregnant women

Change drug molecules to a form that an excretory organ can excrete - answers - :Drugs are

metabolized mainly be the liver via phase I or phase II reactions. the purpose of both these types of reactions is to Inactivate prodrugs before they can be activeated by target tissues