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MnE Chapter 5&6 Exam Questions And
Correct Answers
When an activity involves our psychological needs we tend to feel high ___; when that same activity satisfies our psychological needs we tend to feel high ___. - Answer interest;enjoyment
amotivation: - Answer is the worst motivational state to possess in terms of day-to-day functioning.
If a person uttered the following two quotes what would be the most likely source of his or her amotivation:___
a "The task has no appeal or meaning to me."
b "I am not interested in this task." - Response lack of autonomy, i.e., autonomy deficit.
the motivational strategies a) adding an extra source of stimulation to the task, b) setting a goal to strive for, c) embedding the activity within a fantasy context. - Response interest-enhancing strategies
internalization is the process by which an individual: - Answer transforms a previously externally imposed regulation to an internally endorsed one.
An externally provided rationale acts as a motivational vehicle for an uninteresting activity because it has the potential to: - Answer promote more internalization, valuing and identified regulation.
Self-Determination Theory According to self-determination theory, when asking another person to engage in an uninteresting but important activity the type of motivation that needs to be most enhanced if one wants to promote: - Answer Identified Regulation
According to self-determination theory, what does the student's effort in school explain if the student says, " I try so hard because my school work is an important valuable thing to do."? - Answer Identified Regulation.
Self-Determination Theory Question 3 The student says, "I try so hard so I won't feel guilty or ashamed of myself." According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation is expressed? - Answer introjected regulation
According to self-determination theory, what type of motivation is expressed when the student says, "I try so hard so the teacher won't yell at me."? - Answer external regulation
In understanding how interpersonal competition affects people's intrinsic motivation, each of the following statements is true, except: - Answer people who win in a high-pressure compeition show high intrinsic motivation
Which of the following ways of delivering praise best supports the intrinsic motivation of the other person? Saying: - Answer good job, you improved by 10%
According to Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory, all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. To say that an external event is informational means that it: Answer conveys either a job done well or a job done poorly.
which of the following is not an assumption of cognitive evaluation theory? Answer all external events promote intrinsic motivation
Answer extrinsic motivation
Deci and Ryan's cognitive evaluation theory postulates that all extrinsic events have two functional aspects: a controlling aspect and an informational aspect. - Answer coerces a person into doing some particular act.
If a person is intrinsically motivated to do an activity and then begins to receive extrinsic rewards for her work, what happens to her intrinsic and extrinsic motivations? - Answer intrinsic decreases while extrinsic increases.
Which of the following is true? Extrinsic rewards: - Answer shift a learner's attention away from task mastery and toward potential extrinsic gains.
People are intrinsically motivated because: - Answer people have innate psychological needs
It means that if a person gets paid for coming on time to work, then the worker will be more likely to do the same thing in the near future. This example shows that the paycheck serves as a: - Answer: positive reinforcer
A teacher gives a child a time-out for teasing a classmate, and then the time-out succeeds in making the child's future teasing behaviour less likely in the future. This example illustrates that the time-out serves as a: - Answer punisher
If a person takes an aspirin and the aspirin removes a headache, then that person is more likely to take an aspirin when having a headache in the future. This example shows that the aspirin served as a(n): - Answer negative reinforcer
Which of the following situations would result in the acquisition of escape and avoidance behaviors? - Answer none of the above
Which of the following contingencies increases the future likelihood of a behavior? - Answer negative reinforcement
You take out the garbage just to stop your roommate's constant nagging to do so. This situation illustrates _____ for the act of taking out the garbage. - Answer negative reinforcement
-Answer increasing behavior; punishing behavior
There are two ways that people use rewards to motivate others.
First way: "Good job, you improved your penmanship nicely."
Second way: "If you improve your penmanship today, then I'll give you a reward."
Why is the first way more effective and less harmful (in terms of side effects) than is the second way? - Answer The first way is very informational; it informs the person's sense of a job well done.
Which of the following best characterizes operant conditioning? -Answer A person does something and depending upon what happens as a consequence of what that person did the likelihood of the same behavior happening again will increase or decrease.
Behavioristic views of learning assume that learning is essentially a change in behavior and stress the role of _____ as causing that to occur? - Answer environmental stimuli
Advocates of operant conditioning support the following conceptualization of behavior: S : R C. What does the "C" represent? - Answer consequence
A ___ is any offering from one person given to another person in exchange for his or her service or achievement. - Answer reward
A(n) _____ is an attractive environmental object that occurs at the end of a sequence of behaviors and acts to increase the probability that the behavior will recur. - Answer reward
An _____ is an environmental object that occurs before the onset of a chain of behavior and that attracts or repels the individual toward engaging or not in the behavior. - Answer incentive
Three central concepts form the hub of the study of extrinsic motivation.
The hallmarks of autonomy psychological need satisfaction are: - Answer volitional action and wholehearted self-endorsement of that action
A person who communicates an interpersonal tone of "I am your ally; I am here to understand you and to support your strivings" offers a ______ motivating style. - Answer autonomy-supportive
The autonomy-supportive behaviour of _____ involves communicating words and sentiment like "I see", "Yes", "Okay", and "What can we do differently this time?". - Answer acknowledge and accept expressions of negative affect
Would the following example of a teacher-provided choice be expected to increase the receiving student's subsequent autonomy and intrinsic motivation: "Sam, for the next hour I want you to read a book, and I have three books here that you might like — A, B, and C. Which one of those three books would you like to read today?" Answer No, some choices increase autonomy and intrinsic motivation while other choices decrease them; this particular choice is most likely not to increase autonomy and intrinsic motivation.
Social contexts and environments that frustrate and thwart the person's psychological need for autonomy refer to: - Answer controlling
"Targets a prescribed behavior" and "applies pressures" are the two defining characteristics of what type of motivating style? - Answer controlling
Which of the following statements about an autonomy-supportive motivating style is true? - Answer it enhances not only other people's motivation, development, and psychological well-being, but also their performance.
A prerequisite environmental condition that allows people to engage freely in optimal challenges and to experience optimal motivation even in the face of failure is: - Answer failure tolerance
_____ is the need to be effective in interactions with the environment, and it reflects the desire to exercise one's capacities and skills and, in doing so, seek out and master
optimal challenges. - Answer competence
The greater one's effectance motivation the greater one's desire to seek out and approach situations that: - Answer challenge existing skills and competencies
The hallmarks of competence psychological need satisfaction are: - Answer effectance, mastery, and making progress
When a person has very high personal skills and competencies for a given activity and then engages in an activity with a very low opportunity for challenge, he or she is most likely to feel: - Answer boredom
In his research with chess masters, rock climbers, dancers, and surgeons, Csikszentmihalyi found that the basic antecedent to "flow" is that the activity must offer its participants: - Answer an optimal challenge
flow occurs when - Answer personal competence and activity challenge are both high
As indicated in Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory the worst profile of experience arises when: - Answer skill is low and challenge is low
As pertains to children's experience of enjoyment following the solution of anagrams of differing difficulty, children conveyed the most enjoyment-through smiling-after solving problems that were: - Answer hard
According to the text, an environmental challenge does not create the psychological experience of being challenged until one additional ingredient is added to the experience. That ingredient is: - Answer performance feedback information
Which of the following is not an essential aspect of the provision of structure? - Answer cooperation and teamwork
Structure enhances engagement because of involves and satisfies the need for: - Answer competence
When people have days that allow them to feel autonomous, competent, and interpersonally related they are most likely to agree with which of the following statements - Answer "I feel energized."
When, according to the textbook, are people most likely to say "I had a good day" or "I had a good class today"? - Answer the event allows them to experience psychological need satification
