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MNGT 305 Exam Questions And Correct
Answers @ 2024
Management - Answer The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human andother resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively
Organizational Performance - Answer A measure of how efficiently and effectivelymanagers use available resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals
Efficiency - Answer A measure of how productively resources are used to achieve a goal Effectiveness - Answer A measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managershave selected for the organization to pursue and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals Planning - Answer Identifying and selecting appropriate goals; one of the four principaltasks of management
Organizing - Answer Structuring working relationships in a way that allows organizationalmembers to work together to achieve organizational goals; one of the four principal tasks of management Organizational Structure - Answer A formal system of task and reporting relationshipsthat coordinates and motivates organizational members, so they work together to achieve organizational goals Leading - Answer Articulating a clear vision and energizing and enabling organizationalmembers so they understand the part they plan in achieving organizational goals; one of the four principal tasks of management
Controlling - Answer Evaluating how well an organization is achieving its goals andtaking action to maintain or improve performance; one of the four principal tasks of management Department - Answer A group of people who work together and possess similar skills oruse the same knowledge, tools, or techniques to perform their jobs
First-Line Managers - Answer A manager who is responsible for the daily supervision ofnonmanagerial employees
Middle Managers - Answer A manager who supervises first-line managers and isresponsible for finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals
Top Manager - Answer A manager who establishes organizational goals, decides howdepartments should interact, and monitors the performance of middle managers
Top Management Team - Answer A group composed of the CEO, the COO, and the vicepresidents most responsible for achieving organizational goals
Conceptual Skills - Answer The ability to analyze and diagnose a situation and todistinguish between cause and effect
Human Skills - Answer The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior ofother individuals and groups
Technical Skills - Answer The job-specific knowledge and techniques required to performan organizational role
Core Competency - Answer The specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, andexperience that allows one organization to outperform another
Administrative Management - Answer The study of how to create an organizationalstructure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness
Bureaucracy - Answer A formal system of organization and administration designed toensure efficiency and effectiveness
Authority - Answer The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to makedecisions concerning the use of organizational resources
Rules - Answer Formal, written instructions that specify actions to be taken underdifferent circumstances to achieve specific goals
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - Answer Specific sets of written instructionsabout how to perform a certain aspect of a task
Norms - Answer Unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people shouldact in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization Unity of Command - Answer A reporting relationship in which an employee receivesorders from, and reports to, only one superior
Line of Authority - Answer The chain of command extending from the top to the bottom ofan organization
Centralization - Answer The concentration of authority at the top of the managerialhierarchy
Unity of Direction - Answer The singleness of purpose that makes possible the creationof one plan of action to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources
Equity - Answer The justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizationalmembers are entitled
Order - Answer The methodical arrangement of positions to provide the organization withthe greatest benefit and to provide employees with career opportunities
Initiative - Answer The ability to act on one's own without direction from a superior Discipline - Answer Obedience, energy, application, and other outward marks of respectfor a superior's authority
Esprit De Corps - Answer Shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to acommon cause among members of a group
Behavioral Management - Answer the study of how managers should behave to motivateemployees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals Hawthorne effect - Answer The finding that a manager's behavior or leadership approachcan affect workers' level of performance.
Human Relations Movement - Answer a management approach that advocates the ideathat supervisors should receive behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity Informal Organization - Answer the system of behavioral rules and norms that emerge ina group
Organizational Behavior - Answer the study of the factors that have an impact on howindividuals and groups respond to and act in organizations
Mechanistic Structure - Answer An organizational structure in which authority iscentralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised.
Organic Structure - Answer an organizational structure in which authority is decentralizedto middle and first-line managers and tasks and roles are left ambiguous to encourage employees to cooperate and respond quickly to the unexpected Dynamic Capabilities - Answer Theory that organizations have the ability to build,integrate, and reconfigure processes to address rapidly changing internal and external environments Personality Traits - Answer Enduring tendencies to feel, think, and act in certain ways. Extraversion - Answer The tendency to experience positive emotions and moods and tofeel good about oneself and the rest of the world.
Negative Affectivity - Answer The tendency to experience negative emotions and moods,feel distressed, and be critical of oneself and others
Agreeableness - Answer The tendency to get along well with other people. Conscientiousness - Answer tendency to be careful, scrupulous, and persevering Openness To Experience - Answer The tendency to be original, have broad interests, beopen to a wide range of stimuli, be daring and take risks
Internal Locus of Control - Answer the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fatewithin oneself
External Locus of Control - Answer the tendency to locate responsibility for one's fate inoutside forces and to believe one's own behavior has little impact on outcomes
Sef-Esteem - Answer The degree to which individuals feel good about themselves andtheir capabilities
Need For Power - Answer the extent to which an individual desires to control or influenceothers
Need For Achievement - Answer The extent to which an individual has a strong desire toperform challenging tasks well and to meet personal standards for excellence.
Need For Affiliation - Answer The extent to which an individual is concerned aboutestablishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having other people get along Terminal Value - Answer A lifelong goal or objective that an individual seeks to achieve Instrumental Value - Answer A mode of conduct that an individual seeks to follow Value System - Answer the terminal and instrumental values that are guiding principles inan individual's life
Attitude - Answer A collection of feelings and beliefs Job Satisfaction - Answer The collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have abouttheir current jobs
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) - Answer Behaviors that are not required oforganizational members but that contribute to and are necessary for organizational efficiency, effectiveness, and competitive advantage Organizational Commitment - Answer the collection of feelings and beliefs that managers
Building Blocks of Competitive Advantage - Answer Efficiency, innovation and flexibility,responsiveness to customers, quality
The Evolution of Management Theory - Answer 1. Scientific Management Theory2. Administrative Management Theory
- Behavioral Management Theory4. Management Science Theory
- Organizational Environment Theory F. W. Taylor/Scientific Management Four Principals - Answer 1. Study the way workersperform their tasks, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers possess, and experiment with ways of improving how tasks are performed.
- Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operatingprocedures
- Carefully select workers who possess skills and abilities that match the needs of thetask, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures4. Establish a fair or acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that rewards performance above the acceptable level Weber's Principles of Bureaucracy - Answer 1. Formal authority derives from one'sposition inside the organization
- Individuals occupy positions because of their performance
- Each individual's authority and responsibilities are specified by the organization4. Authority is exercised effectively when positions are arranged hierarchically
- Rules of the organization are followed and control individual behavior Fayol's 14 Principles of Management - Answer 1) Division of Work2) Authority
- Discipline
- Unity of Command5) Unity of Direction
- Subordination of individual interests to the general interest
- Remuneration8) Centralization
- Scalar Chain10) Order
- Equity12) Stability of tenure of personnel
- Initiative14) Esprit de corps
Theory X versus Theory Y - Answer a theory proposed by Douglas McGregor thatexplains two opposite perceptual styles of managers. Managers who espouse Theory X see employees as lazy and refusing to work, while managers who espouse Theory Ybelieve employees are dedicated and willing to work
The Organization as an Open System - Answer INPUTS -raw materials-human resources -capital-technology -information TRANSFORMATION PROCESS -employees' work activities-management activities -Technology/Operations Methods
