Download Structure and Function of Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: A Comprehensive Overview and more Study notes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
Functions of Nucleotide and^ Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides used for :
g-
"° """^ *"""^ "^ •
s-wa.e.sene-i.in.^ """ backbone^ Uracil^ -^?^ G-•^9
..÷!ÉÉ¥¥É÷¥÷÷a
. m•H
Transmission of^ genetic info^ (mRNA)
ۤgq
Thymine • ☆
Processing of^ genetic^ info^ (ribozymes)
Protein synthesis c+RNAanarRNA)
as
anne (^) cytosine- ☆ nucieo-naesareaisouseainmonomertormforceuuiarfunc-i.ms Hi
%ʰ%ᵗÑ
NHZ
Energy for^ metabolism^ /ATP]^0 "o-%EE.io g¥Éᵈ§§ Enzyme cofactors^ (^ NAD) "%i%¥iÉ¥
DNA RNA
signal transduction^ (^ CAMP)
OH OH
Purineor (^) Nucleotides + (^) Nucleosides pyrimidine base
Nucleotide
is' Nitrogenous base Phosphate
-0-1-0%1'¥-P
.
pentose
Pentose
Phosphate
Nucleoside
Nitrogenous base HC (^) Y pentose N (^) #ICH (^) ↑ ' si
I 11 +, Carbon + Nitrogen atoms onthe (^) nitrogenous base are # (^) in (^) cyclic format HCI,y%H HC≤3N -4C^ "^91 ¥,
μ+ ÷"÷"
Purine
MHz 0 0
i.CH (^) +1N /"c-" HN^ /
I 11 1 11 1 ,fH Derivatives of (^) pyrimidine / (^) purine OÉ- N^ -^
CH
C\N /
CH
¥1,1,
/CH
H H
Nitrogen - containing hetero^ aromatic^ molecules^ Cytosine Thymine Uracil
CDNA) (RNA)
Planar / almost (^) planar H^ H pyrimidines Absorb UV (^) light -250 -270mm^ N%i^ nY%c-Ñ 13 SCH (^11) 8CH (^11) Hd2 4C (^) a/ H (^) bonding donors + (^) acceptors HCZ GCH ¥ +3N
/ " N
MHz 0 Pyrimidine : H (^) I 11 Pyrimidine Purine^ In, -
" HN
- ch-Y, cytosine +^ thymine (found^ in^ DNA)^ ↑ (^11) CH I 11 CH
C 1
Cytosine +^ Uracil^ (found^ mRNA)^ HEIN /^ - N (^) μzN /IN -
C -
N
H H
Purine : Adenine Guanine
Adenine +^ Guanine (found^ in^ DNA -113nA)
purines
H
1 OH
Pentose F-
° ' si s'
H-C^ OH
- OH
H0CHH,
n-c-a-i-t.IE#t, ¥ B-d- (^) rlbofuranose.in RNA (^) H - C^1 - OH h%I _¥n + 1 OH^ OH^ OH H 011-1^ OH
B- 2 '^ -^ CHZOH^ Bfuranose
deoxy-^ d-^ rlbofuranose^ in^ DNA^ Aldehyde
O_O pentose Purines
MHz NHZ """"" (^) " Base (^) %,]T ¥] ¥ μ. ?¥+"¥gPd°
" 0 " glycosidic ""
3 ,^ R ' ri (^) ¥ Phosphate Group^ ]T 0 OH H= __ ribose Adenine^ Guanine^ μ,^ ,
nucleoside -1 deoxyribose^ Pyrimidines
NY 0
G) (^) charged at neutral (^) pH nucleoside monophosphate] [ *μN, §"' " """ÑN' "
- nucleoside (^) diphosphate- R , NR ,^ -40 RTho yypyanyama.mg ,,^ g.^ pan,^ ,^ ,^ www.ampn.gpna
, ay,,,,, μ,,,, gym,n,
Nucleic acids built using the 5 ' triphosphate's Version of the nucleotide
NOMENCLATURE
ATP , GTP , TTP , CTP
Two ofthe three phosphates used for Nucleotide^ and^ Nucleic^ Acid^ Nomenclature
building nucleic^ acids^ forma^ leaving
Base Nucleoside Nucleotide Nucleic acid
group, and^ completed nucleic^ acids^ contain^ one^ phosphate^ moiety per molecule
purines Maybe attached^ to^ other^ positions^ for^ specialized^ function^ Adenine Adenosine (^) Adenylate RNA
Deoxyadenosine^ Deoxyadenylate^ DNA
B-N- Glycosidic Bond^ Guanine Guanosine Deoxyguanosine^ GuanylateDeoxyguanylate^ RNADNA
pyrimidines
Nucleotides (^) ,^ - pentose (^) ring is^ attached^ to^ nitrogenous baseman- glycosidic bond
cytosine cytidine Deoxycytidine^ CytidylateDeoxycytidylate^ RNADNA
Bond formed -10 anomeric carbon of (^) sugar in B (^) configuration
Bond Isin position Nl (pyrimidines) position N9( purines) Thymine Thymidine^ or^ Thymidylateor
Deoxythymidine^ Deoxythymldylate^ DNA
Bond (^) Is (^) quite stable toward (^) hydrolysis (especially pyrimidines);bond Cleavage Uracil^ Uridine^ Urldylate RNA
catalyzed by acid
conformation :^ Deoxyribonucleotide
Relatively free^ rotation^ can^ occur^ around^ N^ - glycosidic bond^ in^ free^ nucleotides^ MHz^ °^ ¥-1, μ¢N, μμ
"'#NH
(N - (^) N^ ( g-^ HzHμ / (Nda
g,
Niko
Angle near^ 0°^ corresponds -10^ syn conformation^ -^ 9-^ 9- o-p-o-d-lzodt.IE#../ " " %-◦-¥◦ /^ ◦ , % " " H¥¥H Angle near^ 180°^ corresponds^ -10^ anti^ conformation^ Nucleotide: Deoxyadenyldate Deoxyguanylate Deoxythymldylate DeoxycytidyiateOH^ H s^ ('deoxy monophosphateadenosine)^5 '( monophosphatedeoxyguanosine) 5 '-Cdeoxythmldlne monophosphate )^ s('deoxy monophosphate^ cytidine)
Anti conformation found in normal B- DNA Nucleosidesymbols:^ : A,dA,dAMP G,dGdGMP IDIDTMP C,dGdCMP
Deoxyadenosine^ Deoxyguanosine^ Deoxythymidine^ Deoxycytidine
¥^ Deoxyribonucleotide 3=43,41-1 NFÉ¥^
*TCH
pmydyne " £^ £3M " ° (^) _ % (^) ✗ MHz (^) 1MHz Purine - Ng HN^ }^ NH^ 'N in
g.
9-^ +,É^.^ Nato^ ,^ Fido MHz (^) Ots/ ,^0 / -0- p-0-CHzo-o-r.io iii>^ ¥n a.•*•••^ :¥¥!
◦ N -^ /^2 ↓¥÷¥¥^ ¥!^ ◦ ⊕•§ (^) Nucleotide Adenylate^14 OH^ ladenoslne) (^) Guang/at (^) guanosine uridylatecurldineOH^ OH^ ) (^) CytidylateOH^ OH cytidine " (^) ° " ° Base JEG-0806*73 S' monophosphate s' monophosphate s' monophosphate g-' monophosphate
>^ o(> §•μ^ ¥^ Goa gaps^4 Nucleosidesymbols^ AdenosineAsAMP^ GuanosineGGMP^ uridinechump^ cytidinec)^ CMP
OH OH OH * as 6 Ribonucleotide's
syn-^ adenosine^ anti -^ adenosine 8662 μg
