Module 8 Student Slides, Lecture notes of Psychology

Download Module 8 Student Slides and more Lecture notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Developmental

Psychology

Module 8

Agenda: ❏ Research Participation Assignment Reminder ❏ What is Developmental Psychology? ❏ How do we study development? ❏ Theories in Developmental Psychology: ❏ Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development ❏ Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory ❏ John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth’s Attachment Theory ❏ Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological theory

What is Developmental Psychology?

● Branch of psychology interested in studying how behavior,

cognition, and emotion ____________.

● Researchers studying developmental psychology will

compare individuals to identify different or similar

developmental patterns.

● There are two main ways of tracking and studying

development:

○ (^) Longitudinal Studies ○ (^) ____________ Studies Question for the class: How might you study the development of vocabulary using these two methods?

Psychosocial Stages of Development ● (^) Erikson theorized eight “psychosocial stages” where ______________, and development occurs as a result of _________. ● (^) The result of the conflict could have a positive or negative outcome for development.

Erik Erikson’s

Psychosocial Stages of Development

Erik Erikson’s

Question for the class: ❏ (^) Jane is in the maturity stage of life. When she thinks back about her life, she is at peace with her choices and feels as though she has lived an honorable life. ❏ (^) Is Jane experiencing ego integrity or despair?

Cognitive Development Theory ● (^) The 4 stages of learning:

1. Sensorimotor stage: birth to 2 years Experiencing the world through your ______ and ______ (looking, touching, listening). Only aware of what’s right in front of them. 2. Preoperational stage: Ages 2 to 7 Representing things with words and images, but still lack logical reasoning. Starting to develop an imagination and engage in ___________. 3. Concrete operational stage: Ages 7 to 11 Becoming less focused on __________. Still very concrete and literal in thinking, but able to use logic. 4. Formal operational stage: Ages 12+ Beginning to think abstractly and can reason about hypothetical problems. Starting to think about moral, ethical, social issues.

Jean Piaget’s

Cognitive Development Theory

Jean Piaget’s

Attachment Theory ● (^) John Bowlby proposed that we are born with a desire to __________, bond with, and have our needs fulfilled by our primary caregivers. When these needs are not met, we can develop _________________problems. ● (^) Mary Ainsworth conducted the famous study, the Strange Situation.  (^) She categorized her child-caregiver observations into 3 “____________”: secure, anxious, and avoidant. A fourth style, disorganized, was added later on.

John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth’s

Attachment Theory

John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth’s

Question for the class: ❏ (^) Attachment of an infant to their primary caregiver is adaptive and seen as evolutionary in basis. ❏ (^) Why would it be adaptive for an infant to form attachment with their caregiver?

Bioecological Theory ● (^) Bronfenbrenner described different systems or levels of relationships that have an impact on an individual.

● The 5 Systems:

1. Microsystem: most immediate to the individual (e.g., family & peers)
2. ___________: connection between micro and exosystems
3. Exosystem: connections outside of immediate circle (e.g., family friends, neighbors, etc.)
4. ___________: social and cultural values (e.g., religious beliefs)
5. Chronosystem: chronological time span of individual’s life

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s

Question for the class: ❏ (^) What system would EMU be in Bronfenbrenner’s system?

Emerging Adulthood Theory

Jeffrey Arnett’s

● (^) Arnett coined the developmental stage “Emerging Adulthood” for people between ages 18 & 29. ● (^) Emerging Adulthood is characterized by:  (^) Identity exploration: answering the question “who am I?” and trying out various options  (^) Instability: in love, work, and place of residence  (^) Self-Focus: as obligations to others reach a lifespan low  (^) Feeling “In-Between”: in transition, neither adolescent nor adult  (^) Possibilities/Optimism: when hopes flourish and people have unparalleled opportunity to transform their lives