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MPOETC FINAL EXAM || 2025 - 2026||ACTUAL 150+
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS.GRADED A+
What statute allows citizens to use force? - ANSWER > 505 What statute allows law enforcement to use force? - ANSWER > 508 Statute of Limitations - ANSWER > Time you were made aware of charges What are the four types of culpability? - ANSWER > Intentionally
Knowingly Recklessly Negligently What is not a defense of culpability? (304) - ANSWER > Ignorance of the law Voluntary intoxication/drugged What is a defense for culpability? - ANSWER > Duress Insanity Guilty but mentally ill Involuntary intoxication
What types of encounters does law enforcement have with the public? - ANSWER > Mere encounter
Investigatory detention Custodial detention/arrest What type of proof do you need for an investigatory detention? - ANSWER > Reasonable suspicion What type of proof do you need for a custodial detention? - ANSWER > Probable Cause What are the three components of the Criminal Justice System? - ANSWER > Law enforcement Courts Corrections Level of Government - ANSWER > Local/municipal County State Federal
Trials have two primary stages:
- presentation of prosecution
- presentation of defense, if defendant elects to do so Bail - ANSWER > A bond to insure the appearance of the defendant in court if they are not to be held in custody until trial ROR ( released on recognizance) - ANSWER > Their word they will appear in court is their bond PA is the only state in which the grand jury has what? - ANSWER > No authority to indict Pre-motion Trial - ANSWER > These motions may address the admissibility of evidence, or venue changes
In this stage the plea negotiations most likely will take place or diversionary programs such as Accelerated Rehabilitative Disposition What are the three eras of policing? - ANSWER > Political era Reform era Community era
Political Era - ANSWER > Police often obtained their job as favors by politicians to constituents who had financially backed them
Ex. big buff male would get job) Reform Era - ANSWER > Narrowed police function to crime control/reactive, incident driven police service Ex. DARE program Community Era - ANSWER > We are currently in this era Develop a sense of lawfulness in our society
We want their input, we want them to invest in their community police agency (partnership) S.A.R.A Model - ANSWER > Scanning Analysis Response Assessment Crime Triangle - ANSWER > Offender Place Target/victim
Murder Capital crimes Prima Facie - ANSWER > Was there a crime committed The victim is saying that it was committed There is an actor who committed it Rule 600 - ANSWER > Guarantees the right to a speedy trial for all criminal defendants; the Commonwealth (District Attorney) is required to bring a criminal defendant to trial If person is out of jail: 365 days If person is in jail: 180 days ** if not met within 180 days, person is released on conditions;ex. halfway house, programming) What is the retrial period for an individual in jail and a mistrial takes place? - ANSWER > 120 days Four Sources of Law Governing Police Officers Power to Arrest - ANSWER > 4th Amendment Article 1 Section 8 (PA)
Case Law (US & PA court decision) Statutory Law (PA rules of criminal procedure) What is the minimum legal proof necessary to justify the seizure of a person by lawful authority?
- ANSWER > Probable cause 4 Corner Rule - ANSWER > If it's not in the affidavit it DOES NOT count Sources of Probable Cause - ANSWER > Observation made through officers senses
Reliable info that the officer received from others Info that the officer receives through investigation What are the two clauses that fall under the 4th amendment? - ANSWER > Privacy clause Warrant clause Privacy Clause - ANSWER > People have the right to be secure (feel safe) in their persons (arrest), houses (home), papers & effects from unreasonable searches & seizures Only prohibits unreasonable searches
Arrest is good b/c abandonment (on own free will) Forced (coerced) Abandonment - ANSWER > When an officer chases a person w/o probable cause or reasonable suspicion, a "seizure" occurs; property which the person discards while fleeing under such circumstances is the fruit of that unlawful seizure & is subject to suppression Forced Abandonment Example - ANSWER > Two people talking, officer stated "hey come here", & they take off running & drop bag; officer looks in & finds drugs Arrest is not good b/c of forced coercion Commonwealth v. Gary - ANSWER > Permitted to search vehicle w/ probable cause to stop vehicle Independent probable cause separate from the traffic stop Independent probable cause that evidence of a crime or contraband is in the vehicle Justification for a Detention - ANSWER > Flight High Crime Area Officer's Experience Tips
Anonymous Tips Combined, these justifications create justifications Grading - ANSWER > The grading of the offense dictates whether a physical arrest can be made on scene, the actor is released & summoned or an arrest warrant must be filed for prior to arrest Tolling - ANSWER > A legal doctrine the allows for the pausing or delaying of the running of the period of the time set forth by a statute of limitations On View Arrest - ANSWER > Any felony, or any misdemeanors in view of officer, based on grading or exception to laws of arrest when authorized by law Summary Offense - ANSWER > Not classified as a crime, but as an offense Imprisoned no more than 90 days, no more than $300 fine M'Naghten Rule - ANSWER > Rule that determines whether a suspect's plea for criminally insane is accepted or not a test for criminal insanity Deadly Force - ANSWER > Capable of causing death/serious bodily injury/permanent disfigurement
Mutual Aid Agreement - ANSWER > Officer asked to assist by another local, state or federal law enforcement agency To charge a crime - ANSWER > All elements of the offense must be presented
Must prove ALL elements if not all elements you either have no crime or a lesser crime Statutes of Limitations - ANSWER > Felony: 5 yrs Misdemeanor: 2 yrs Summary Offense: 30 days How many people are needed for a criminal conspiracy? - ANSWER > 2 or more What case law established use of deadly force? - ANSWER > Tennessee v. Garner Suspect ran, officers shot suspect while fleeing Which case law established the reasonable officer standard? - ANSWER > Graham v. Connor Based on the same facts & circumstances, what would another officer most likely do in the same scenario
Which offenses mandate arrest? - ANSWER > Meghans law violations
Domestic Violence Theft Offense - ANSWER > Property stolen is a firearm: F Amount stolen is $100,000 or more but less than $500,000: F Amount exceeds $2,000 or property stolen is automobile or some type of vehicle: F $500,000 or more: F More than $200 but less than $2000: M $50-$200: M Less an $50: M In order for it to be a riot - ANSWER > Must be you & two other people You + two = riot Service Guide or Support Dog - ANSWER > A dog that is trained to work or perform tasks to benefit of an individual w/ a disability consistent w/ federal & state law related to service animals; people who have these animals are not required to have markings/paper & do not have to tell you their disability
Article 1 Section 15 - ANSWER > Eliminates the creation of special tribunals or commissions to try certain types of crimes Article 1 Section 17 - ANSWER > Disallows passage of ex past facto laws; only applies to penal statutes & must impose a punishment for an act which was not punishable at the time it was committed, or impose additional punishment to that then prescribed Article 1 Section 21 - ANSWER > Provides the right to bear arms Serious Bodily Injury - ANSWER > Bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ Bodily Injury - ANSWER > Impairment of physical condition or substantial pain Deadly Weapon - ANSWER > Any firearm, whether loaded or unloaded, or any device designed as a weapon and capable of producing death or serious bodily injury, or any other device or instrumentality which, in the manner in which it is used or intended to be used, is calculated or likely to produce death or serious bodily injury
Ages regarding Rape/Statutory Sexual Assault - ANSWER > Rape of a Child=Less than 13 years of age
Statutory Sexual Assault=Under the age of 16 years and that person is:
- 1). 4 years older but less than 8 years older than the complainant; or 2). 8 years older but less than 11 years older than the complainant.
F1 however if person engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant under the age of 16 years and that person is 11 or more years older than the complainant. Considered to be a child under 13 years of age, under 16 still minor but not written as an offense of a child Criminal Attempt - ANSWER > A person commits an attempt when, with intent to commit a specific crime, he does any act which constitutes a SUBSTANTIAL STEP toward the commission of that crime Theft vs Robbery - ANSWER > Robbery is theft by force and it is still robbery even if you don't get anything.) Example of Theft of Services - ANSWER Leaving before paying for a haircut would constitute theft of services. Retail Theft - ANSWER > Change price on items, walks out with merchandise,
False Identification to Law Enforcement - ANSWER > In order to charge this you must first tell the individual that they are subject to investigation so if they give you a false name after warning them then you can charge this crime Failure to Disperse - ANSWER > More than 2 people (so 3 people or more) Disorderly Conduct Upgrade in Grading happens when? - ANSWER > Person persists after you give them a reasonable warning to stop or request for them to desist. (did not comply so goes from Summary to M3)
Disorderly conduct with more than 2 people can be charged with failure to disperse YOU CANNOT BE DISORDERLY IN YOUR OWN HOME To be charged with public drunkenness - ANSWER > YOU MUST BE IN PUBLIC. (Cannot be charged if you are in your own abode) Protected Class of People - ANSWER Police Officer, firefighter, County adult probation or parole officer, county juvenile probation or parole officer, an agent of the PA board of Probation and Parole, Sheriff, Deputy Sheriff, Liquor Control enforcement agent, Officer or employee of a Correctional institution, Judge of any court, The attorney general, a deputy attorney general, a district attorney, an assistant district attorney, A public defender, Federal/state/local law enforcement
official, PARKING ENFORCEMENT, EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES PERSONNEL, GOVERNOR, UTILITY SERVICE WORKERS, CHILD AND YOUTH SERVICES, FISH AND GAME COMMISSION Elements of Strangulation - ANSWER > KNOWINGLY or INTENTIONALLY impeding the breathing or circulation of blood of another person by:
- 1 - Applying pressure to the throat or neck or
- 2 - blocking the nose and mouth of the person
The lack of physical injury to a victim shall NOT be a defense in a prosecution under this section Receiving Stolen Property - ANSWER > Receiving or buying property that is known or reasonably believed to be stolen. THE GRADING IS SAME AS THEFT Ethnic Intimidation - ANSWER > You need a base crime in order to charge this. Can be charged with arson, criminal mischief, property destruction Propulsion of Missiles - ANSWER > Throwing beer cans onto overpass Simple Assault vs Aggravated Assault - ANSWER > Simple: Bodily injury
