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Definitions and explanations for various terms related to bacteriology, including different types of bacteria such as cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and parasites, as well as their growth and reproduction processes. It also covers different types of diseases caused by bacteria, such as infectious and contagious diseases, and the ways in which pathogens enter the body. The document also discusses the body's response to infection and the concept of immunity.
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( singular: bacterium) one-celled microorganisms with both plant and animalcharacteristics; some are harmful and some areharmless; also known as
germs
or^ microbes
^ -ology-
suffix meaning “ the study of” ^ Bacteriology-
the science that deals with the study of
microorganisms called bacteria Infectious
Types of Harmful Bacteria ^
Cocci –
is the general term for all round shaped bacteria
1.^
Staphylococci-
Pus forming round shaped bacteria that grow in clusters. Examples: abscesses, pustules and boils
2.^
Streptococci
Examples: strep throat, blood poisoni
ng
3.^
Diplococci
round shaped
) bacteria that grow in pairs.
Example: pneumonia ^
Bacilli
-^ are short, rod shaped bacteria. They are the most common type of bacteria.
Examples: tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria
^
Spirilla –
are spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. There are 2 types:
1.^
Treponema padilla-
causes syphilis and other sexually transmitted
diseases
2.^
Borrelia burgdorferi- causes Lyme disease
Cell Growth and Reproduction ^ Mitosis
dividing in half
to form two new
cells. These two new cells are called
daughter cells
^ Active State -
(vegetative state)
is the state where
bacteria grow and reproduce
(warm, dark, damp
and dirty places). Inactive State
-^ (spore forming)
is the state where
bacteria form a tough outer covering to protect itselffrom unfavorable conditions
(dryness, famine or
cold).
Bacteriology Terms ^ An
infection
occurs when the body is invaded by disease causing bacteria. Pus^ is an indication of infection. A^ local infection
is contained to one area of the body.
Examples:
pimples, pustules and abscesses A^ general infection
is an infection of the blood system and
bacteria is carried through out the body.
Examples: blood poisoning and
syphilis Diseases are
contagious or communicable
when they can
easily spread from one person to another. An^ epidemic
occurs when a disease simultaneously attacks a large number of people in the same locality.
Types of Diseases ^ An
acute disease
rapidly occurs, has severe symptoms and is short in duration.
^ A
chronic disease
is usually long in duration, mild but recurring.
^ A
congenital disease
is a disease that exists at birth.
^ A
contagious disease
is one that spreads easily.
^ An
infectious disease
is causes by pathogenic (harmful) bacteria or viruses and
easily spreads. An^ occupational disease
results from conditions that result from employment.
^ A
parasitic disease
is a result of vegetable or animal parasites such as pediculosis
and ringworm
.
^ A
pathogenic disease
is caused by pus forming bacteria.
^ A
systemic disease
is a disease that is throughout our entire body system.
^ Venereal disease
is acquired by contact by an infected partner during sexual intercourse. This disease is commonly characterized by
rashes or sores
on the
skin.
How Pathogens Enter the Body ^ A break in the skin ^ The mouth (contaminated food or water) ^ The nose (the air) ^ The eyes and ears ^ Unprotected sex
The Body Fights Infection By…. ^ Healing broken skin
(the ability of the body to destroy and resist any bacteria
that has entered the body or that has attempted to entire the body). Types of Immunity: 1.^
Natural Immunity
developed from
hygienic
living.
2.^
Acquired Immunity
has develops either through overcoming a diseaseor through inoculation (such as vaccination). Human Disease Carrier:^ (is an individual that has a disease, is not sick from
or shows sign of that disease, but can transfer thatdisease to another individual)