Bacteriology: Harmful & Harmless Bacteria, Growth, Reproduction, Diseases, Exams of Bacteriology

Download Bacteriology: Harmful & Harmless Bacteria, Growth, Reproduction, Diseases and more Exams Bacteriology in PDF only on Docsity!

Bacteriology Mr. Auriemma

Bacteriology Terms and Definitions †^ Bacteria-

( singular: bacterium) one-celled microorganisms with both plant and animalcharacteristics; some are harmful and some areharmless; also known as

germs

or^ microbes

†^ -ology-

suffix meaning “ the study of” †^ Bacteriology-

the science that deals with the study of

microorganisms called bacteria † Infectious

• communicable by infection from one person to another

Types of Harmful Bacteria †^

Cocci –

is the general term for all round shaped bacteria

1.^

Staphylococci-

Pus forming round shaped bacteria that grow in clusters. Examples: abscesses, pustules and boils

2.^

Streptococci

• Pus- forming round shaped bacteria that grow in curved lines resembling strings or beads.

Examples: strep throat, blood poisoni

ng

3.^

Diplococci

• Spherical (

round shaped

) bacteria that grow in pairs.

Example: pneumonia †^

Bacilli

-^ are short, rod shaped bacteria. They are the most common type of bacteria.

Examples: tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria

†^

Spirilla –

are spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. There are 2 types:

1.^

Treponema padilla-

causes syphilis and other sexually transmitted

diseases

2.^

Borrelia burgdorferi- causes Lyme disease

Cell Growth and Reproduction †^ Mitosis

• is the process of cells growing, reaching an optimum size and

dividing in half

to form two new

cells. These two new cells are called

daughter cells

†^ Active State -

(vegetative state)

is the state where

bacteria grow and reproduce

(warm, dark, damp

and dirty places). † Inactive State

-^ (spore forming)

is the state where

bacteria form a tough outer covering to protect itselffrom unfavorable conditions

(dryness, famine or

cold).

Bacteriology Terms †^ An

infection

occurs when the body is invaded by disease causing bacteria. † Pus^ is an indication of infection. † A^ local infection

is contained to one area of the body.

Examples:

pimples, pustules and abscesses † A^ general infection

is an infection of the blood system and

bacteria is carried through out the body.

Examples: blood poisoning and

syphilis † Diseases are

contagious or communicable

when they can

easily spread from one person to another. † An^ epidemic

occurs when a disease simultaneously attacks a large number of people in the same locality.

Types of Diseases †^ An

acute disease

rapidly occurs, has severe symptoms and is short in duration.

†^ A

chronic disease

is usually long in duration, mild but recurring.

†^ A

congenital disease

is a disease that exists at birth.

†^ A

contagious disease

is one that spreads easily.

†^ An

infectious disease

is causes by pathogenic (harmful) bacteria or viruses and

easily spreads. † An^ occupational disease

results from conditions that result from employment.

†^ A

parasitic disease

is a result of vegetable or animal parasites such as pediculosis

and ringworm

.

†^ A

pathogenic disease

is caused by pus forming bacteria.

†^ A

systemic disease

is a disease that is throughout our entire body system.

†^ Venereal disease

is acquired by contact by an infected partner during sexual intercourse. This disease is commonly characterized by

rashes or sores

on the

skin.

How Pathogens Enter the Body †^ A break in the skin †^ The mouth (contaminated food or water) †^ The nose (the air) †^ The eyes and ears †^ Unprotected sex

The Body Fights Infection By…. †^ Healing broken skin

(this is our

body’s first

line of defense). † Body secretions

(perspiration and digestive

juices). † White blood cells

within the blood that

destroy bacteria. † Antitoxins

that counteract the toxins produced

by bacteria and viruses.

Immunity

(the ability of the body to destroy and resist any bacteria

that has entered the body or that has attempted to entire the body). Types of Immunity: 1.^

Natural Immunity

• is partly inherited and partly

developed from

hygienic

living.

2.^

Acquired Immunity

• is immunity that the body

has develops either through overcoming a diseaseor through inoculation (such as vaccination). Human Disease Carrier:^ (is an individual that has a disease, is not sick from

or shows sign of that disease, but can transfer thatdisease to another individual)